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1

Sprechgeschwindigkeit als Indikator der perzipierten Sprechflüssigkeit in Deutsch als Fremdsprache

100%

Kovač M. M.

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2021

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tom 31

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nr 1

59-73

EN

The aim of this article is to evaluate perceived fluency, which according to research results refers to the impression of the listener that the psycholinguistic processes of language planning and language production work smoothly and efficiently, i.e. that these two processes can be performed by speakers almost simultaneously. The speech rate, as a predictor of perceived fluency, relates to measurable speed of spoken language and is identified as the number of syllables per unit time. A group of 14 students of German (L2) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Split took part in this study. The results of the analysis show that the speech rate in the prepared speech is approximately nine percent higher than in the unprepared speech. Based on the data, there is a significant difference between the assessments of perceived fluency, i.e. the notes for the prepared speech are significantly higher compared to the unprepared speech. The results obtained could be explained by the priming effect and, consequently, the reduced cognitive load. The conclusions of this study are comparable to previous studies, in which the speech rate is mentioned as one of the most important predictors of perceived fluency.

2

How Much Voicing in Voiced Geminates? The Laryngeal Voicing Profile of Polish Double Stops

88%

Rojczyk A. , Porzuczek A.

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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tom Vol. 49, nr 3

385--397

EN

Geminates (such as the double /k/ in Polish lekki “light”) form a group of consonants that are mainly characterized by longer durations than the corresponding singletons. Most of the research has concentrated on durational and spectral properties of geminates in contrast to singletons. Much less attention has been paid to the realization of the voicing contrast in geminates and whether it is differently implemented than in singletons. In the current study, we contribute to this research with the data from Polish stop geminates. To this end, a total of 49 native speakers of Polish produced all stop geminates and corresponding singletons in wordforms of the same phonological make-up. The measurements included closure duration, voicing ratio, duration, and mean intensity of the release burst. The results showed that the voicing ratio was 0.69, classifying Polish stop geminates as mildly devoiced. There was a significant speaker-dependent variability in that some speakers devoiced all geminates, while others either partially devoiced or never devoiced. The analysis of interactions between geminates and singletons revealed that geminates cancelled voicing cues observed in singletons such as longer durations and lower intensity of the release burst. We discuss the current results in terms of voicing implementation in Polish and in relation to other geminating languages.

3

Diagnostics and Description of Children's of Five Speech in Terms of Inner Programming and Grammatical Structuring

75%

Kalmykova L.

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2009

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tom 1

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nr 1

32-39

EN

Introduction Diagnostics and description of children's of five speech in terms of inner programming and grammatical structuring operations are showed here. The article is dedicated to the actual problems of psycho-linguistics of the development, particularly to the research of grammatical-structuring operations in children of senior preschool age. It elucidates the opening of meaning of these experimental facts as the preconditions of lingvodidactic perfection and realization of principles of perspectiveness and continuation.Aim of the study To give the detail analysis of grammatical mounting of speech of senior pre-schoolchildren - as a pre-condition of making the effective technologies for speech development of children and realization of perspectiveness and followingness in the development of communicative abilities in children on the intermediate links of linguistic education - the pre-school and elementary school ones.Materials and methods Functional analysis of the higher psychic functions, in particular, oral utterance of children in an operational way, diagnostics of the state of speech functions for the analysis of children's readiness to school education and for finding the causes of difficulties (real and potential) in speech formation; analysis of not enough developed links of functional system, which provide the children's speech function and principally influence on the understanding the causes of unsuccessful speech activity mastering. 365 children aged five participated in our experiment.Results It was found that 30% of all lexemes in children"s speech are nouns; 38% - verbs; 17% - adverbs; 9% - pronouns; and only 2% - adjectives and 1% - link words. Common for all the children peculiarity was the full absence in their speech the verbal adverbs and very rare use of participles, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions - those words the using of which influence on the level of widening of the structure of the sentence.Not direct word order testifies the inability to keep the program in mind. The inversion appears in the cases when the process of sense widening stipulate the rebuilding of inner program. And it takes place in children in the moment when in outward speaking arises the need to use the word in the second or third distant positions.The great complication for children makes using of indirect cases with prepositions and without them, at the time when case-preposition forms, their meaning perform the most important in speech production function. Pre-schoolchildren do not know how to express adverbial modifiers with the help of forms of indirect cases with prepositions. They feel difficulties also in expressing attributes by different forms.Conclusions Pre-schoolchildren feel difficulties in using in their speech the cases and prepositions which are necessary for providing the full of value realization of inner speech intention and grammar transformations, that is for inner speech and outward widening of sentential utterances, formation of which is making in realization of speech activity through passing the stages of speech production: from motive and intention to the whole and widened utterance.Making the effective and productive technologies of children's speech development is possible in the case if demands correspond to the development of children's higher psychic functions and they fall into the near boundaries of zones of the development of a child; if formational influences have developmental character, prepare perspectively the pre-schoolchildren to further education.

4

Effekte von Aussprachetraining im Klassenverband bei frankophonen Deutschlernenden

75%

Wottawa J.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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nr 18

465-478

EN

The efficiency of pronunciation training in the classroom in French learners of German was studied. To this end the German vowel length contrast and word initial [h] productions were examined. For this purpose, a speech corpus was compiled, which contains recordings of the learners’ speech assignments over a university semester. Acoustic analyses of the speech productions indicated that French learners of German showed progress over the semester only for word initial [h] at the beginning of words, while their productions of the German vowel length contrast neither improved nor worsened.

5

Co dokáže náš hlas? Fonetický pohled na variabilitu řečové produkce

63%

Skarnitzl R.

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tom 13

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nr 26

97-115

EN

The paper surveys the plasticity of the speech production mechanism. At the level of phonatory behaviour, a distinction is made between the frequency of vocal fold vibration, which is reflected in the pitch of the voice, and the manner in which the vocal folds vibrate, which lends our voice different qualities. The main types of phonatory modifications are described and some of their uses in everyday communication, as well as their perceptual effects, are documented from literature. Modifications of the primary makeup of speech sounds in the supraglottal vocal tract, such as rounding or spreading of the lips, hyper- or hyponasality, and palatalization, are discussed in the following section. The two levels of description — phonatory and articulatory — are formally anchored in Nolan’s model of the sources of variability in speech. The final part of the paper examines speech variability from the perspective of the listener, regarding one’s speech as their auditory face which signals biologically, psychologically, and socially conditioned information about the speaker.