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1
Content available Moisture-dependent physical propeties of soybeans
100%
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2009
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tom 23
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nr 3
299-303
EN
As a result of thousands of years of agriculture, humans had created many crop varieties that became the basis of our daily diet, animal feed and also carry industrial application. Soybean is one of the most important crops worldwide and because of its high economic value the demand for soybean products is constantly growing. In Europe, due to unfavorable climate conditions, soybean cultivation is restricted and we are forced to rely on imported plant material. The development of agriculture requires continuous improvements in quality and yield of crop varieties under changing or adverse conditions, namely stresses. To achieve this goal we need to recognize and understand the molecular dependencies underlying plant stress responses. With the advent of new technologies in studies of plant transcriptomes and proteomes, now we have the tools necessary for fast and precise elucidation of desirable crop traits. Here, we present an overview of high-throughput techniques used to analyze soybean responses to different abiotic (drought, flooding, cold stress, salinity, phosphate deficiency) and biotic (infections by F. oxysporum, cyst nematode, SMV) stress conditions at the level of the transcriptome (mRNAs and miRNAs) and the proteome.
EN
The results of statistical modelling for the yields prediction of spring row crops, namely, maize, sorghum and soybean, depending on the values of the remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at critical stages of the crops growth and development were presented. The spatial NDVI data obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite were used to create the models. Quadratic regression analysis was applied to develop the yielding models based on true yield data of the crops obtained in the period of 2017 and 2018 at the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, Ukraine. The results of statistical modelling revealed that the method is suitable for precise yield prediction, and the best stages for NDVI screening and use in this purpose are different for the studied crops. The best accuracy of prediction could be obtained at the stage of tasselling (VT) or silking (R1) for maize (the mean absolute percentage error MAPE is 8.75%); at the stage of second trifoliate (V2) for soybean (MAPE is 3.75%), and at the stage of half bloom (S6) for sorghum (MAPE is 17.62%). The yield predictions by NDVI are reliable at a probability level of 95% (p < 0.05).
EN
Early prediction of crop yields on large cropland areas is of a great importance for operational planning in the agrarian sector of economy and ensuring food security. Large-scale forecasts became possible owing to the introduction of remote sensing technologies in the systems of precision agriculture, providing the information on crops conditions both on a certain field and large croplands. The study on the forecasting of major oil crop yields, namely, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), winter rape (Brássica nápus) and soybean (Glycine max), on the regional level in Kherson oblast of Ukraine was conducted using historical yielding data and monthly MODIS Terrain NDVI smoothed time series imagery with 250 m resolution of the period from 2012 to 2019. The statistical data on the crop yields were linked to the corresponding values of monthly NDVI to determine the type of inter-relationship and work out the regression models for the oil crops yield prediction based on the remotely sensed vegetation index. The highest correlation between the yields of the oil crops and NDVI with the best prediction accuracy were obtained by using the index values at the period of April for winter rape, July for sunflower, and August for soybean. The developed regression models have reasonable accuracy with the mean absolute percentage errors of predictions reaching 25.23 percent for sunflower, 18.28 percent for winter rape, and 13.24 percent for soybean. The models are easy in use and might be recommended for introduction in theory and practice of precision agriculture.
EN
For the successful development of the agricultural sector, one of the main tasks during the cultivation of agricultural crops is the rational use of land resources and obtaining the highest possible quality of products with low labor costs. The practical value of the scientific article lies in the improvement of the elements of the technology of growing soybean varieties that differ in groups of maturity. The development of ecological and economic technological parameters made it possible to ensure the seed yield, depending on the maturity groups of high-tech varieties, up to 2.91 t/ha with high production profitability. The object of researchinvolved the processes of growth, development and formation of the soybean seed crop, as well as its quality depending on the developed technological parameters. The subject of research comprised soybean varieties, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a bacterial preparation and a growth regulator. It was determined that soybean belongs to the high-protein strategic agricultural crop of Ukraine and the world. Providing the population with protein food is a global problem, because the increase in population significantly exceeds the production of protein products. Soy, which is characterized by a rare chemical composition, plays an important role in solving this problem – its seeds contain 38–42% protein, 18–32% fat, 25–30% carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, many essential amino acids with a significant degree of solubility and nutrition. This feature has a positive effect on the environment and allows obtaining ecologically clean products. The cultivation of soybeans is of great agrotechnical importance, as it is a good precursor for the cultivation of the vast majority of agricultural crops. However, the determining factor for obtaining a high yield of soybeans is the variety. On the basis of the research results, their economic analysis and with the aim of growing high soybean yields at the level of 2.91 t/ha, the agro-forming of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine recommended sowing the intensive soybean variety Sandra – carrying out pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with the bacterial preparation Rizotorphin in combination with the growth regulator Vermyst. Therefore, the scientific work is devoted to researching the yield and nutritional value of soybeans of different varieties depending on the inoculation of seeds with bacterial preparations and treatment with growth regulators, which is relevant as well as of scientific and practical interest in the field of ecologically oriented growing technologies.
EN
The problem of environment protection against selected properties of soybean seed cake in transport processes and the terminology of the dangerous cargo mentioned in various codes and regulations has been presented. Loose soybean seed cake, apart from larger particles, also includes fine and powdery fractions creating danger of explosion. An analysis has been made of selected industrial and transport elevators aimed at determining the degree of protection of the atmosphere inside those storehouses.
PL
Przedstawiono problem ochrony środowiska przed wybranymi właściwościami śruty sojowej w procesach transportowych oraz terminologię wymienionego ładunku niebezpiecznego w różnych kodeksach i przepisach. W skład śruty sojowej sypkiej oprócz większych cząstek wchodzą także frakcje drobne i pyliste, stwarzające niebezpieczeństwo wybuchu. Przeprowadzona została analiza wybranych elewatorów przemysłowych i transportowych celem określenia stopnia ochrony atmosfery wewnątrz tych magazynów.
EN
The authors studied the cultivation technology with drip irrigation based on renewable water energy in comparison with furrow irrigation in two agro-ecological zones in south and southeast Kazakhstan. Three soybean varieties (Lastochka, Danaya, and Akku) were used in the study. Due to the uniform supply of water to the roots of plants, drip irrigation has a positive effect on the quantitative characteristics of growth and development of soybean plants and the formation of productivity indices, as compared to furrow irrigation. The yield of soybean varieties (an integral index that depends on the irrigation methods) increased for all varieties by 5.6–10.6 c/ha with the use of drip irrigation.
EN
Between 2014 and 2020 there have been substantial rearrangements within the Common Agricultural Policy, which – in harmony with the former reform phases of CAP – has aimed to implement real conceptual and technical changes in the system of direct subsidies and market measures. As a result of this process, the system of subsidies coupled to production could be extended in Hungary, too. This new approach, which was totally different from the previous reform phases, does not restrict, but rather expands the possible amount and areas of implementation. This, in many cases, may result in a number of favourable impacts for the beneficiary sectors. Sectors, which have not received any EU subsidies before, can be supported and the member states have substantial say in forming the conditions according to their needs. In general, it is still a question, what effects can be expected, what actual consequences of the measures can be quantified on the basis of the currently available information. Following these, the main goal of this paper is to characterize the consequences of the coupled support payment by the soy production.
PL
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie wpływu nowego systemu dopłat bezpośrednich na rolnictwo na Węgrzech. W latach 2014 i 2020 doszło do zmian wspólnej polityki rolnej w zakresie systemu dopłat bezpośrednich i mechanizmów regulacji rynku. W efekcie tych działań na Węgrzech stało się możliwe połączenie wielkości produkcji z wielkością dopłat. Nowe podejście nie powoduje ograniczeń w dostępie do dopłat, lęcz stwarza możliwości do ich szerszego wykorzystania. Dopłaty bezpośrednie mogą mieć znacznie większy pozytywny wpływ na niektóre sektory. jednak niewiadomą jest, jak duże efekty to będą i które sektory skorzystają z tych zmian najbardziej.
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2008
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tom 11
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nr 4
411-414
EN
Progress, which is brought by new advances in modern molecular biology, allowed interference in the genome of live organisms and gene manipulation. Introducing new genes to the recipient organism enables to give them new features, absent before. Continuous increase in the area of the biotech crops triggers continuous discussion about safety of genetically modified (GM) crops, including food and feed derived from them. Important issue connected with cultivation of genetically modified crops is a horizontal gene transfer and a bacterial antibiotic resistance. Discussion about safety of GM crops concerns also food allergies caused by eating genetically modified food. The problem of genetic modifications of GM crops used for livestock feeding is widely discussed, taking into account Polish feed law.
18
75%
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tom 20
|
nr 2
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