Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

100%

Matej-Butrym A. , Butrym M. , Rudnicka-Drożak E. , Szeliga-Król J.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

|

2018

|

nr 3

236-240

2

Size or Openness: Expansive but Closed Body Posture Increases Submissive Behavior

100%

Bialobrzeska O. , Parzuchowski M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2016

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

186-194

EN

Expansive body posture is the most commonly studied and widely described in psychological literature. For many years, expansive posture was universally identified as a pose of power, but more recent research has revealed that the link between expansive posture and power may be moderated by gender, culture or even contextual cues. Our findings show that with little variation added to expansive posture it does not necessarily lead to the sense of power, and may actually trigger the opposite effect: a feeling of submissiveness. In three studies, persons assuming their body in a standing-at-attention posture were perceived as being more obedient (Experiment 1), thus participants who expanded their body in a standing-at-attention manner (although actually doing a non-obedient unrelated task) displayed greater compliance to requests (Experiment 2) and declared greater submissiveness toward social norms (Experiment 3). We discuss how the cultural and interpersonal context imprinted in specific body posture can modify the feedback of innate and universal body states.

3

Orphaned children and their parents in the views of female students of pedagogy – a perspective of social distance

100%

Żuraw H.

Praca Socjalna

|

2019

|

tom 34(3)

41-74

EN

Children from dysfunctional families are a permanent element of social life. It arouses anxiety. It makes us think about the essence of humanity . It is also an object of research in many fields of knowledge. They show its causes and effects. This article presents the results of own research on the basis of the problem and on the attitudes of female students of pedagogy towards orphaned children. Their knowledge is piecemeal and derived from the mass media. According to the female students consider an orphaned child and their biological parents have features that are valued in a negative way, not promising development and life of high-quality.

4

Dystans społeczny emigrantów polskich w Wielkiej Brytanii wobec „obcych” a ich poziom wykształcenia

100%

Korczyński M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

|

2015

|

tom 25

151-174

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the importance of education in the formation of social distance of Polish emigrants towards peoples of other nationalities such as: Jews, Russians, English, Pakistani, Arabs, and Japanese. The study involved 262 people, including 137 Polish immigrants in England and 125 citizens of England as the host country. An adapted version of the E. Bogardus scale was used to measure social distance. The analyses performed show that the attitude of Polish emigrants towards people of other nationalities differed according to the level of education of the Poles surveyed. Only in the respondents’ attitude to Jews the level of education was not a differentiating factor. In all other cases, statistically significant differences were observed. British respondents generally declared a positive attitude towards people of other nationalities. Their level of distancing was rather homogeneous and more favorable, not dependent on their level of education.

5

Specyfika opinii o Romach – dialog czy dystanse

100%

Butrym M. , Popiela M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

|

2015

|

tom 25

175-194

EN

The relationship to Romani people is characterised by deeply rooted negative stereotypes and significant distance between them and the Polish people. Comparative research on representative groups of Polish, Czech, Slovak and Hungarian people showed that Poles declare relatively better attitude towards the Romani than other nations. The article presents the results of research conducted in 2013 among students of Higher School of Business National-Louis University in Nowy Sącz, Poland. The place was selected due to the fact that in Nowy Sącz and its vicinity there is a large number of people from the group that is considered to be the poorest among the Romani – Bergitka Roma. Although nearly 60% of the respondents have contacts with Romani people, their opinions reveal negative stereotypes, declared distance and the view that the Romani people should be excluded from political elections, which is held by 20% of the respondents.

6

Nursing Students Social Distance towards Patients with Intellectual Disabilities – Cross-Sectional International Pilot Study

100%

Kazanowski Z. , Żyta A. , Ćwirynkało K. , Parchomiuk M. , Golubović Š. , Milutinović D.

The New Educational Review

|

2024

|

tom 76

79-91

EN

Social distance (SD) characterises attitudes towards stigmatised groups, such as individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Investigating the SD of nursing students is crucial for understanding how future healthcare professionals perceive and interact with people with ID. The study aimed to examine the SD of nursing students towards patients with ID in medical service scenarios. The sample consisted of 327 nursing students from Poland, the Czech Republic, and Serbia. A diagnostic survey method was used. The SD of surveyed students towards individuals with disabilities exhibited greater variation in intergroup comparisons within formal contexts associated with professional roles than in situations demanding personal involvement beyond professional duties.

7

Politeness Strategies in English Business Letters: a Comparative Study of Native and Non-Native Speakers of English

100%

Goudarzi E. , Ghonsooly B. , Taghipour Z.

Psychology of Language and Communication

|

2015

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

44-57

EN

This study investigated the use of politeness strategies in a corpus of English business letters written by Iranian non-native speakers in comparison with business letters written by English native speakers. The positive and negative politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson’s (1978) theory were employed. A corpus of 46 business letters written by non-native employees of four companies and 46 letters written by native speakers who were in correspondence with these companies were analyzed to examine their use of politeness strategies. Th e results collected from the analysis of letters written by nonnative parties as senders were compared to those written by native speakers as receivers in response. Th e findings showed that although both parties used both types of politeness strategies in their letters, non-native participants employed both types (negative and positive politeness strategies) more than native speakers, especially positive politeness strategies, which were found to be used more frequently than negative ones. Additionally, the results demonstrated that social distance plays an important role in the employment of different strategies, particularly in choosing the type of salutation, which is an act requiring the positive politeness strategy to reduce face threatening act. Th us, more frequent use of positive politeness strategies by non-native speakers could be an effect of this factor.

8

Size or Openness: Expansive but Closed Body Posture Increases Submissive Behavior

100%

Bialobrzeska O. , Parzuchowski M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2016

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

186-194

EN

Expansive body posture is the most commonly studied and widely described in psychological literature. For many years, expansive posture was universally identified as a pose of power, but more recent research has revealed that the link between expansive posture and power may be moderated by gender, culture or even contextual cues. Our findings show that with little variation added to expansive posture it does not necessarily lead to the sense of power, and may actually trigger the opposite effect: a feeling of submissiveness. In three studies, persons assuming their body in a standing-at-attention posture were perceived as being more obedient (Experiment 1), thus participants who expanded their body in a standing-at-attention manner (although actually doing a non-obedient unrelated task) displayed greater compliance to requests (Experiment 2) and declared greater submissiveness toward social norms (Experiment 3). We discuss how the cultural and interpersonal context imprinted in specific body posture can modify the feedback of innate and universal body states.

9

What differentiates the ethnic tolerance of Czech university students? The role of field of study, family background, gender and friendship

88%

Ryšavý D. , Hrabalová P. , Polášek P.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2024

|

tom 60

|

nr 3

295-319

EN

Working in the context of a rather ethnically homogeneous country, this study examines what differentiates the social distance of university students towards Arab, Ukrainian, Vietnamese and Roma populations. The hitherto neglected effect of the field of study is also of special concern. The authors analysed the results of a large online survey of 3,912 Palacký University students in the Czech Republic. Inspired by Bogardus’s social distance scale, we ascertained a significantly greater acceptability of Ukrainians and Vietnamese, on the one hand, and a higher distance towards Arabs and the Roma, on the other hand. Neither the liberalising influence of higher education nor the increased number of students in tertiary education affected the level of ethnic tolerance. With the exception of attitudes towards Roma people, male students and students whose mothers graduated from high school expressed a lower social distance. The research confirmed the contact theory, including the secondary transfer effect hypothesis. Even when controlling for other variables, students in the humanities and social sciences expressed the highest degree of ethnic tolerance. The question remains as to whether greater social distance among health science students and physical culture can contribute to the reproduction of prejudices in the field of health services or leisure sports activities.

10

The English: An Image Changing in Polish Eyes

88%

Łodziński S. , Nowicka E.

Polish Sociological Review

|

2021

|

tom 215

|

nr 3

331-352

EN

The article analyzes certain results of a nationwide survey-Poles and Others-30 years on-conducted in June 2018. Focusing on how the English are envisioned in contemporary Polish society, we aim to prove that the conceptual category of “stereotype” should be replaced by a more complex one-“image” or “ethnic image.” A striking feature is the rich and diverse description that the image of the English encompasses, hence interpretation of its complexity comprises the bulk of our considerations. Specific components of this ethnic image are seen as an outcome of direct and indirect interethnic contact: a consequence of migrations as well as progressively modernized, technological possibilities for interpersonal interactions. Interestingly, despite the image changing, the social distance towards Britons has not changed: the English continue to be perceived by Poles as one of the “closest” European peoples.

11

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

88%

Kowalska J. , Winnicka J.

|

tom 44

|

nr 1

40-49

EN

The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance – SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale – SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.

12

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

88%

Kowalska J. , Winnicka J.

|

2013

|

tom 44

|

nr 1

40-49

EN

The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance – SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale – SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.

13

Motywy i uwarunkowania ludzkiej solidarności – poszukiwania teoretyczne

88%

Lepianka D.

Prakseologia

|

2012

|

nr 153

169-184

EN

The article is a discussion of various, mainly sociological conceptions of human solidarity, with special focus on those that question the traditional dichotomous understanding of the motives underlying pro-social behavior. It also constitutes an attempt to broaden the debate by focusing on the conditions of human benevolence. Most up-to-date (social) research points to the crucial role of social distance: the closer the potential benefactor to the potential beneﬁciary, the more likely the act of helping; the more unconditional (or altruistic) the help offered, the more generous the offering. Here a question arises as to what determines the social distance between individuals (and groups) and how (group) boundaries are formed or deﬁned. While social distance can be conceived in objective terms, e.g. as physical or geographical distance or as a degree of (e.g. socio-economic) dissimilarity that exists between the benefactor and the beneﬁciary, it is the subjective social distance that seems to have most bearing on the human motivation to help. Of paramount importance here, is the perception of the beneﬁciary, and in particular, the construction of their otherness, which might be (partly) determined by (a) dominant social norm(s).

14

Between us, neighbours… Stranger, foreigner – students’ attitude towards Ukrainian citizens

88%

Guzy-Steinke H.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2020

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

41-52

EN

The article presents a part of research on the students’ attitude towards foreigners, in particular Ukrainian citizens. In Poland it is currently the largest group of foreigners, as well as the largest group of foreign students studying at Polish universities. The text contains references to the sociological concept of “foreign”, especially to G. Simmel’s, and also to the category of “stereotype”, which is usually associated with the perception of different nationalities. The presented fragment of research compares the attitude of students to the stereotype of a Ukrainian, which has been acknowledged and consolidated in Poland over the years of common history. Respondents also rated functioning of Ukrainian acquaintances at the university and in the dorm. Respondents in their opinion claim that the group of Ukrainians is large, but it is almost invisible at the university. This is due to the low access of foreigners to student life and isolation among “their own”. The attitude of Polish youth is certainly significant for this type of behavior. Polish students, despite declarations, do not make enough effort to get to know and maintain closer contacts with colleagues from Ukraine.

15

Między nami sąsiadami… Obcy, cudzoziemiec – stosunek studentów do obywateli Ukrainy

88%

Guzy-Steinke H.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2020

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

27-39

EN

The article presents a part of research on the students’ attitude towards foreigners, in particular Ukrainian citizens. In Poland it is currently the largest group of foreigners, as well as the largest group of foreign students studying at Polish universities. The text contains references to the sociological concept of „foreign”, especially to G. Simmel’s, and also to the category of „stereotype”, which is usually associated with the perception of different nationalities. The presented fragment of research compares the attitude of students to the stereotype of a Ukrainian, which has been acknowledged and consolidated in Poland over the years of common history. Respondents also rated functioning of Ukrainian acquaintances at the university and in the dorm. Respondents in their opinion claim that the group of Ukrainians is large, but it is almost invisible at the university. This is due to the low access of foreigners to student life and isolation among „their own”. The attitude of Polish youth is certainly significant for this type of behavior. Polish students, despite declarations, do not make enough effort to get to know and maintain closer contacts with colleagues from Ukraine.

16

Obrazowe monitorowanie zachowania dystansu społecznego z wykorzystaniem algorytmów sztucznej inteligencji

63%

Zanozin V. , Zankiewicz A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2023

|

tom R. 99, nr 2

73--77

PL

W artykule przedstawiony został system obrazowej analizy zachowania dystansu społecznego za pomocą współczesnych algorytmów detekcyjnych opartych na konwolucyjnych sieciach neuronowych. Algorytm wykonywany jest na procesorze graficznym (GPU), dzięki czemu wykonany system może zostać zaimplementowany na komputerze PC średniej klasy. Wynik detekcji obrazowany jest graficznie poprzez objęcie wykrytych w analizowanej scenie osób ramkami w kolorze zależnym od wyznaczonego dystansu.

EN

The article presents a system of visual analysis of social distancing behavior using modern detection algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. The algorithm is executed on a graphics processor (GPU), so that the system made can be implemented on a mid-range PC. The detection result is graphically illustrated by covering the people detected in the analyzed scene with frames in a color depending on the determined distance.

17

Jedno miejsce, dwa wyznania

63%

Muszyńska J.

Pedagogika Społeczna

|

2015 (R. XIV)

|

nr 1(55)

129-140

PL

Artykuł jest próbą opisu sytuacji współżycia społecznego w jednym miejscu osób odmiennych wyznaniowo. Podjęte rozważania dotyczą znaczenia wyznania z perspektywy jednostki i grupy oraz funkcjonowania zróżnicowanych wyznaniowo wspólnot lokalnych. Miejscem, przestrzenią społeczną opisaną w artykule są wspólnoty lokalne północno-wschodniego pogranicza Polski. Są to wspólnoty konstruowane wokół tradycyjnych wartości, które ani w przeszłości jak też w teraźniejszości nie były i nie są monolitem kulturowym i religijnym. Szczególną uwagę poświęcam wyznawcom religii chrześcijańskiej – najsilniej reprezentowaną przez wyznawców katolicyzmu i prawosławia.

EN

The author attempts to describe the situation of the social coexistence of people of different faiths in one place. The significance of religious convictions, from the perspective of an individual and a group, are discussed as well as the functioning of individuals in religiously diverse local communities. The place and the social space, described in the article comprises of the local communities from the north-eastern border of Poland. These are communities built around traditional values, which have never been a cultural and religious monolith. The analysis is devoted, in particular to Christians, represented by Catholics and members of the Orthodox Church.

18

From social distancing to the financial and medical services disintermediation during the Covid-19 pandemic

63%

Solarz J. K. , Waliszewski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

tom z. 160

561--576

EN

Purpose of the article: In one sentence, disintermediation, it is said, neutralized the negative effects of the lack of trust that accrue from the use of a trusted third party, the intermediary. Disintermediation it is new system allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted party. Its conceptual framework focuses on posing key cognitive questions. The first core question to ask here is: how can we in intermediation after Global Financial Crisis? The second core question to ask is: how can humans blend disintermediation with policy norms to sustain disintermediation when they know that a minority can violate pandemic norms? Institutional experiences of disintermediation to individual-level social distancing, can sharpe individual beliefs, risk attitudes, and choices for years to come. The aim of the article is to indicate the mechanisms of conscious exclusion from traditional financial intermediation. Indirectly, it is gaining momentum as a result of distrust of banks and health services. In the first part, we remind you how successive financial crises crushed the banks ’natural monopoly on direct contact with customers. Tin the second part, we show how artificial intelligence penetrates people and enforces self-confidence. Social distinctions is ubiquitous in times of trust in social media. In conclusion, we show that the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause, but only exposed the scale of the social distance to traditional banking. Research methods: Narrative literature review of disintermediation discuss the state of the science of a specific theme from a theoretical and contextual point of view. We start with critical analysis of securitisation, switch to social distancing and transfer to telemedicine. Systematic literature review need replace disintermediation by digital transformation, social distancing by pandemic as catalyst of change, securitisation as equivalent of financial capital and telemedicine as equivalent of human capital. This is a conceptual article. Orginality/value: The pandemic has become a catalyst for the disclosure of long-term changes in financial intermediation. The tendency to financial mediation emerged half a century ago during the crisis of small and medium-sized banks in the United States. Collective memory has survived and has been used to advance digital non-banking intermediation. The barrier to its development was digital exclusion cantered around seniors and socially excluded people.

19

„Chińczyki trzymają się mocno”. Dynamika obrazu Chińczyka w Polsce (1988-2018)

63%

Nowicka E. , Zhanaev A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

|

2022

|

tom 66

|

nr 3

21-45

EN

The article focuses on an analysis of the structure and dynamics of the Chinaman stereotype in Polish society. It is based on nationwide surveys by Ewa Nowicka’s team (1988 and 2018) and on the few findings of quantitative and qualitative research by others. We found the image of the Chinese particularly interesting in research on social distance as a classic stereotype of the “unknown stranger” community, built on indirect information (mainly media) and not on knowledge deriving from personal interaction (the number of Chinese citizens residing in Poland in 2020 was just above 20,000). The low level of knowledge about China means that sometimes the Chinese are generally perceived in Polish society as Asians. In such a social situation, the stereotype of a foreign group is built around the key values for the culture of the society creating the stereotype. The Polish stereotype of the Chinese is dominated by the trait of “industriousness” (and its derivatives), valued very highly in Polish culture. It is associated with the third most frequent feature-“submissiveness to authority” (no pursuit of individual or collective freedom), as well as the second most frequently indicated group of traits related to courtesy, calmness, and politeness. According to other nationwide surveys the Chinese rank low on the fondness scale; they are one of the few least-liked peoples and ethnic groups. In recent years, there has been an increase in the positive image of the Chinese, which is clearly related to the growing economic importance of China in the world. In the respondents’ comments this is expressed not only in terms of admiration, but also unease. A survey conducted in mid-2018 shows the image of the Chinese in Polish society shortly before the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic.

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie kształtu i historycznej dynamice stereotypu Chińczyka w społeczeństwie polskim. Oparty jest na badaniach sondażowych zespołu Ewy Nowickiej (1988 i 2018) oraz na nielicznych wynikach badań ilościowych i jakościowych innych autorów. Wizerunek Chińczyka uznaliśmy za szczególnie interesujący w badaniach nad społecznym dystansem jako klasyczny stereotyp zbiorowości „obcego nieznanego”, zbudowany na informacjach pośrednich (głównie medialnych) a nie na wiedzy płynącej z kontaktów osobistych, gdyż są one bardzo ubogie (liczba przebywających na terenie Polski obywateli Chin w r. 2020 niewiele przekraczała 20 tys.). Mała wiedza o Chinach i sąsiadach tego kraju powoduje, że czasami Chińczycy są w społeczeństwie polskim pojmowani w sposób uogólniony, jako Azjaci. W takiej sytuacji społecznej stereotyp obcej grupy skonstruowany jest wokół wartości kluczowych dla kultury społeczeństwa stereotyp tworzącego. W polskim stereotypie Chińczyka dominuje bardzo pozytywnie w kulturze polskiej ceniona cecha „pracowitość” (i jej pochodne). Jest ona związana z trzecią co do częstości cechą – „uległością wobec władzy” (brakiem dążenia do wolności indywidualnej i zbiorowej), a także z drugą co do częstości wskazań grupą cech związanych z uprzejmością, spokojem i ugrzecznieniem. Na skali sympatii Chińczycy lokują się nisko – należą do kilku najmniej lubianych narodów i grup etnicznych. W ostatnich latach następuje wzrost pozytywnego wizerunku Chińczyka, co posiada ewidentny związek ze wzrostem ekonomicznego znaczenia Chin na świecie. To ostatnie zjawisko w odpowiedziach respondentów wyraża się nie tylko w kategoriach podziwu, ale też niepokoju. Badanie przeprowadzone w połowie roku 2018 ukazuje wizerunek Chińczyka w społeczeństwie polskim tak jak on wyglądał niedługo przed wybuchem pandemii COVID-19.

20

Necessity of Reconsideration of Labour Law Relations – Pandemic, Labour Market, Social Innovation

63%

Mélypataki G. , Máté D. A.

Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej

|

2021

|

tom 19

|

nr 2

1-19

PL

Zmiana stosunków w zakresie prawa pracy uległa przyspieszeniu w wyniku ostatnich wydarzeń. Nagły wybuch pandemii wymusił rewizję procesów zachodzących na rynku pracy. Zmagamy się z licznymi problemami podczas wychodzenia z kryzysu; musimy również postawić zasadnicze pytania i szukać na nie odpowiedzi. Jedno jest pewne: świat nie będzie już taki jak wcześniej. Sytuacja wywołana przez COVID-19 jest katastrofą, lecz jednocześnie jest ona szansą na stworzenie innego, być może sprawiedliwszego, rynku pracy. Nasuwa się szereg pytań, na które nie odpowiemy od razu, ale które mimo to powinniśmy odważnie zadać. Analizując początkowe etapy epidemii, naświetlamy zaistniałe problemy, nie usiłując udzielić konkretnych odpowiedzi na każdy z nich. Wersja artykułu przedłożona do publikacji powstała w kwietniu 2020 roku, więc do czasu jego opublikowania zapewne pojawiły się odpowiedzi na niektóre z postawionych przez nas pytań; zapewne jednak wiele z nich pozostaje otwartych.

EN

The changing of labour law relations has been accelerated because of recent events. The suddenly occurring pandemic situation has overwritten all the processes of the labour market. We are faced with numerous problems while recovering from the crisis. Basic questions should be asked, and they have to be considered. One thing is sure: nothing will be the same as before. The situation created by COVID-19 is a disaster and probably an opportunity at the same time. It is an opportunity for rebuilding and developing a bit different and maybe a fairer labour market. There are several open questions which should not be answered at once, but we should dare to ask them. Given the initial stage of the epidemic, this study seeks to shed light on the issues that have arisen rather than to give concrete answers to each of the potential problems. The copy of the manuscript submitted for publication was finished in April 2020, so by the time it is published, we may have already received answers to many things, but it is more likely that many questions will remain open.