Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wymagania dla wentylacji pożarowej w Polsce

100%

Ratajczak D.

Instal

|

2005

|

tom nr 4

54--55

2

Termiczna destrukcja dymów wędzarniczych w kotłach płomienicowych

100%

Kandefer S. , Smorąg H. , Sygała R. , Zobek Z.

Ochrona Powietrza i Problemy Odpadów

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 40, nr 4

124-129

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wdrożoną technologię termicznej destrukcji dymów wędzarniczych. Dymy wędzarnicze emitowane do środowiska, ze względu na zawarte substancje zapachowe, są uciążliwe dla otoczenia. Technologia ich termicznej destrukcji polega na wprowadzeniu dymów do płomienicy kotła, w której pali się płomień gazowy. Kontakt płomienia z dymami pozwala rozłożyć i utlenić lotne związki organiczne. Instalację do destrukcji dymów wybudowano w zakładach mięsnych "DUDA-bis" w Sosnowcu. Do dopalania dymów zastosowano kotły typu EDs-6, skonstruowane i wyprodukowane w Sędziszowskiej Fabryce Kotłów "SEFAKO". Instalacja pracuje już blisko dwa lata. Przeprowadzone zostały badania skuteczności działania instalacji, których wyniki zamieszczono w pracy.

EN

The paper presents a technology for thermal destruction of smoke from the curing chambers. The smoke used in meat curing pollutes the neighborhood. The technology for smoke destruction consists in introducing it into a furnace tube with a gas flame. The contact of flame and the smoke is conducive to the decomposition and oxidation of volatile organic compounds. An installation for destroying smoke has been built at Sosnowiec, at the "DUDA-bis" meat processing plant and has been in operation for two years. The boilers are of the EDs-6 type, designed and manufactured at the Sędziszów Boiler Plant - "SEFAKO". Tests on the effectiveness of the system have been conducted and the results are presented in the paper.

3

Jak i dlaczego warto korzystać z wytycznych CNBOP PIB W-0003 „Systemy oddymiania klatek schodowych”

100%

Kubicki G. , Kiełbasa T.

Instal

|

2017

|

tom nr 4

39--42

4

Forest fires smoke monitoring from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor images

100%

Hassini A. , Dejean S. , Benabadji N. , Hassini N. , Belbachir A. H.

Optica Applicata

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 38, nr 4

737-754

EN

A method for detecting forest fires smoke using SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of View Sensor) images is developed in this paper. The colour masking technique is proposed to extract the maximum fires smoke pixels from the SeaStar/SeaWiFS satellite images by using Fusion by Arithmetic Combination (FAC) of the spectral bands method. Each image used is converted from RGB (Red, Green, Blue) to HIS (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) system. The resulting smoke plumes pixels are obtained visually in the Intensity and Saturation images. Then the values of intensity and saturation are analyzed to be potentially applied in other images. In this research, we applied our detecting forest fires smoke algorithm in seven different scenes, and in a variety of conditions, including different regions of the planet, and different dates. Next, Smoke Pixel Reference Ratio (SPRR) was used to test the proposed method. We found that the method can detect maximum pixels of smoke plumes in spite of some limitations.

5

„Budować. Burzyć! Tworzącym skinieniem...”. O krwi, ogniu i dymie w liryce Lecha Piwowara

89%

Majerski P.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

|

2010

EN

Lech Piwowar was connected, inter alia, with the Cracow Writers’ Association (1929–1930), with the literary and artistic societies “Litart” (1931–1935) and “Volta” (1935–1937), since 1933 he closely cooperated with the Visual Artists’ Theatre “Cricot” and published in the magazines “Naprzód”, “Gazeta Artystów” and “Tygodnik Artystów”. According to Heronim Michalski, Piwowar was a “keen student” of Tadeusz Peiper, according to Julian Przyboś – he was a “faithful and fanatical” student. The author of this article devoted to Piwowar focuses on his poems employing explosive imagery, motifs of fire and blood, primarily within the current of social, “committed poetics” (e.g. Spring, Build!, or A Beauty’s Funeral recalling the revolutionary Cracow of 23 March 1936), poems with a rhetorical exclamation – a call. They lead to questions about the avant-garde imagination annexing (making more substantive) the proletarian gesture of dissent, an expression of revolt.

6

Środowiskowy dym tytoniowy

75%

Demkowska I. , Polkowska Ż. , Namieśnik J.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2007

|

tom nr 3

35-38

7

Thermodynamics-based measurement of the velocity of high-temperature smoke

75%

Wang H.

Archives of Thermodynamics

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 44, no 1

23--36

EN

In view of the high cost and difficulty of ensuring the accuracy in the measurement of fire smoke velocity, the measurement system developed using platinum resistance temperature detectors and an 8-bit microcontroller, is used to realize the fast measurement of high-temperature fire smoke velocity. The system is based on the thermodynamic method and adopts the Kalman filter algorithm to process the measurement data, so as to eliminate noise and interference, and reduce measurement error. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of fire smoke velocity. It is also shown that the system has high measurement accuracy, short reaction time, low cost, and is characterized by high performance in the measurement of high-temperature smoke velocity in experiments and practice.

8

Zasady użycia środków dymnych w działaniach bojowych

75%

Solarz J.

|

tom nr 3(40)

105-125

EN

The article is an attempt to look at smoke agents as a significant tool which, when used appropriately, may decide on the combat operation success. General rules and aim of using smoke agents on the battlefield have been presented in the introduction. A special attention has been drawn to factors that influence these agents effectiveness. Then the article characterises the rules of using smoke agents in selective kinds of military operations, i.e. defensive, offensive and other kinds of operations. The ways to use all kinds of smoke screens (obscuration, blindness, indication, apparent and protective ones including) have been discussed.

9

Health risk to medical personnel of surgical smoke produced during laparoscopic surgery

75%

Dobrogowski M. , Wesolowski W. , Kucharska M. , Paduszyńska K. , Dworzyńska A. , Szymczak W. , Sapota A. , Pomorski L.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

tom 28

|

nr 5

831-840

EN

Objectives During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the removal of the gall bladder, pyrolysis occurs in the peritoneal cavity. Chemical substances which are formed during this process escape into the operating room through trocars in the form of surgical smoke. The aim of this study was to identify and quantitatively measure a number of selected chemical substances found in surgical smoke and to assess the risk they carry to medical personnel. Material and Methods The study was performed at the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Provincial Specialist Hospital in Zgierz between 2011 and 2013. Air samples were collected in the operating room during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results A complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of the air samples showed a number of chemical substances present, such as aldehydes, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, ozone, dioxins and others. Conclusions The concentrations of these substances were much lower than the hygienic standards allowed by the European Union Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC). The calculated risk of developing cancer as a result of exposure to surgical smoke during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is negligible. Yet it should be kept in mind that repeated exposure to a cocktail of these substances increases the possibility of developing adverse effects. Many of these compounds are toxic, and may possibly be carcinogenic, mutagenic or genotoxic. Therefore, it is necessary to remove surgical smoke from the operating room in order to protect medical personnel.

10

A systematic review of the health impacts of occupational exposure to wildland fires

75%

Groot E. , Caturay A. , Khan Y. , Copes R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

tom 32

|

nr 2

121-140

EN

The aim of the paper is to summarize the evidence of health impacts of occupational exposure to wildland fires. The authors searched 3 databases for relevant articles and screened the results. After full-text review, articles were included based on pre-determined criteria. The authors identified 32 relevant articles. Occupational exposure to wildland fires affects lung function in the short term and may increase the risk of hypertension in the long term. Exposure to wildland fires is also associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms. There was insufficient evidence to comment on most longer-term risks, and in particular on respiratory disease or cancer risks. Further research is required to understand whether occupational exposure to wildland fires results in clinically significant impacts on respiratory function, and to further clarify the relationship between occupational exposure and blood pressure, mental health, and cancer outcomes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):121–40

11

Zasięg widzialności w dymie : jako kryterium zdolności do ewakuacji ludzi z budynków w czasie pożarów

75%

Konecki M. , Pofit-Szczepańska M.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

|

2003

|

tom Vol. 52, nr 3

109-126

PL

W artykule zanalizowano zasięgi widzialności w dymie w pomieszczeniu, w czasie 1 fazy rozwoju pożaru w funkcji gęstości optycznej dymu i współczynnika osłabienia kontrastu. Do oceny zagrożenia ludzi wykorzystano tzw. czasy krytyczne, stanowiące jeden z elementów ogólnych warunków bezpiecznej ewakuacji z pomieszczeń.

EN

Smoke is produced in almost all fires and presents a major hazard to life. Two threats are obvious: the inhalation of toxic gases and fumes and the obscuration of light by smoke particales leading to disorientation. The paper describes the results of the study only the latter aspect. The effect of the smoke optical density and the contrast attenuation coefficient on the range of visibility have been analysed both in large and bench scale of a fire.

12

Prognozowanie rozprzestrzeniania się dymu w budynkach

75%

Szturbala G. , Głąbski P.

Materiały Budowlane

|

2004

|

tom nr 3

54-55

PL

W artykule omówiono mozliwość prognozowania przepływu powietrza oraz rozprzestrzenianie się dymu w budynkach z wykorzystaniem metody numerycznej mechaniki płynów. Pozwala ona na realistyczne odwzorowanie warunków panujących w rozpatrywanym obszarze dzięki wykorzystaniu metod numerycznych do rozwiązywania równań opisujących zachodzące zjawiska. Projektowane systemy wentylacji pożarowej powinny być poddawane weryfikacji. Ze względu na ograniczone możliwości przeprowadzania testów w skali naturalnej, zalecana jest ich weryfikacja za pomoca symulacji komputerowych.

13

SPATIOTEMPORAL VISIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS IMPACTED BY FOREST AND LAND FIRE OVER AIRPORTS IN SUMATERA AND BORNEO ISLAND, INDONESIA

75%

Ismanto H. , Hartono H. , Marfai M. A.

Quaestiones Geographicae

|

2019

|

tom 38

|

nr 3

5-16

EN

Smoke can reduce the airport’s visibility and is related to the aviation safety and efficiency. Low visibility has potential safety hazard, such GA-152 crashed in 1997, and thus there is a need to find out the visibility characteristics in airports over Sumatra and Borneo Island caused by 2015 forest fire. This research aims to analyse the spatiotemporal visibility characteristics over airports in Sumatera and Borneo Island using flight rule visibility below minima criteria and hazard probability. The analysis of smoke was characterized using visibility severity index (VSI) that is a function of visibility severity class and its probability level. Spatiotemporal analysis of severity index combined with hotspot and wind numerical weather model indicates that the worst impact visibility occurred in September and October 2015. The lowest visibility was occured over night until afternoon time period. The spread of VSI impact has a tendency to northward and northwestward. The very high VSI levels occurred at airports such: WIJJ (Jambi), WIBB (Pekanbaru), WAGG (Palangkaraya) which were impacted up to 70% of flight operations time with IFR visibility below minima; while the WIOS (Susilo-Sintang), which operates only on VFR, experienced about 92% of VFR visibility below minima at smoke climax period.

14

The effect of oxygenated diesel-n-butanol fuel blends on combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged crdi diesel engine

75%

Labeckas G. , Slavinskas S. , Rudnicki J. , Zadrąg R.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2018

|

tom nr 1

108--120

EN

The article deals with the effects made by using various n-butanol-diesel fuel blends on the combustion history, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged four-stroke, four-cylinder, CRDI 1154HP (85 kW) diesel engine. At first, load characteristics were taken when running an engine with normal diesel fuel (DF) to have ‘baseline’ parameters at the two ranges of speed of 1800 and 2500 rpm. Four a fossil diesel (class 1) and normal butanol (n-butanol) fuel blends possessing 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt% (by mass) of n-butanol-bound oxygen fractions were prepared by pouring 4.65 wt% (BD1), 9.30 wt% (BD2), 13.95 wt% (BD3), and 18.65 wt% (BD4) n-butanol to diesel fuel. Then, load characteristics were taken when an engine with n-butanol-oxygenated fuel blends at the same speeds. Analysis of the changes occurred in the autoignition delay, combustion history, the cycle-to-cycle variation, engine efficiency, smoke, and exhaust emissions NOx, CO, THC obtained with purposely designed fuel blends was performed on comparative bases with the corresponding values measured with ‘baseline’ diesel fuel to reveal the potential developing trends.

15

Combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine operating on jet fuel

75%

Labeckas G. , Slavinskas S. , Vilutiene V.

Journal of KONES

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 19, No. 1

227-236

EN

The article focuses on bench testing results of a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct-injection, naturally aspirated diesel engine operating on the normal 95vol% (class C) diesel fuel + 5vol% RME (DF), F-34 jet fuel (JF) and jet fuel F-34 treated with the cetane improver (JF+0.12vol%). The purpose of the research is to investigate the availability to use of military F-34 jet fuel for land-based direct injection diesel engine powering and examine the effect of F-34 fuel and F-34 fuel treated with 0.12vol% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate on the autoignition delay, combustion, engine performance, emissions and smoke opacity of the exhausts. The peak in-cylinder gas pressure generated from JF and JF+0.12vol% is lower by 4.3% and 2.8% at 1400 min–1 speed, and 2.5% and 5.7% at 2200 min–1 speed compared to that 86.6 MPa and 82.5 MPa of the normal diesel. At rated 2200 min–1 speed, the use of treated jet fuel leads to smoother engine performance under all loads and the maximum cylinder pressure gradient lowers by 9.4% as against that 15.9 bar/deg of base diesel. The minimum brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) for F-34 and treated F-34 fuels decreases by 4.8% and 3.5% at 1400 min–1 speed and increases by 2.7% and 3.7% at 2200 min–1 speed compared to 249.5 g/kWh and 251.8 g/kWh values of base diesel. Maximum NO emissions produced from fuels JF and JF+0.12vol% decrease by 11.5% and 7.0% at 1400 min–1, and 17.1% and 17.3% at 2200 min–1 speed compared to 1705 ppm and 1389 ppm emanating from the normal diesel. Maximum CO emissions produced from jet fuel JF and JF+0.12vol% decrease by 39.3% and 16.8% compared to that 4988 ppm produced from base diesel running at 1400 min–1 speed. At 2200 min-1 speed, the ecological effect of using fuel F-34 fuel decreases and the CO sustains over the whole load range at the same level and increases by 2.5% and 3.0% with regard to the normal diesel operating under high load. The HC emission also is lower by 78.3% and 58.8% for low and high loads compared to 230 ppm and 1820 ppm of the normal diesel running at 1400 min–1 speed. The smoke opacity ,generated from fuels JF and JF+0.12vol% sustains at lower levels over the all load range with the maximum values decreased by 14.6% and 8.1% with regard to 94.9% of the normal diesel operating at 1400 min–1 speed. The test results show that military F-34 fuel is a cleaner-burning replacement of diesel fuel and suggests fuel economy with reduced all harmful species, including NO, NO2, NOx, CO, HC, and smoke opacity of the exhausts.

16

Wrażliwość prądów powietrznych na zmianę kierunków przepływu w czasie pożaru podziemnego

75%

Strumiński A. , Madeja-Strumińska B.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

2006

|

tom R. 51, nr 10

577-581

PL

Przedstawiono koncepcję metody wyznaczania wrażliwości prądów powietrznych na zmianę kierunków przepływu w czasie pożaru podziemnego. Metoda jest oparta na badaniach statystycznych i rachunku prawdopodobieństwa. W szczególności wyznacza się prawdopodobieństwo odwrócenia lub nieodwrócenia prądów powietrznych na podstawie analizy dyssypacji mocy użytecznej. Wyznacza się również prawdopodobieństwa zadymienia bezpośredniego bocznic sieci oraz zadymienia generowanego przez odwrócenie się prądów bocznych. Ostatecznie wrażliwość bocznic na zadymienie związane z zaburzeniami wentylacji w czasie pożaru ocenia się opierając się na wzorze Bayesa.

EN

The paper presents the results of probabilistic evaluation of air currents sensitivity to flow direction changes during underground fire. The evaluation method is based on statistical and probabilistic analysis. In particular, the probability of reversal or no reversal of the air currents is determined based on the analysis of the effective power dissipation. The probability of direct smokiness in the air splits and smokiness generated by the reversal of side currents (splits) is also determined. The sensitivity of air splits to smokiness resulting from the disturbances of ventilation during fire is evaluated using the Bayes’ formula.

17

Modelling a wind field effecting a smoke

75%

Kasprzak J. , Raczkowski J.

Machine Graphics and Vision

|

1998

|

tom Vol. 7, No. 1/2

65-74

EN

The visual simulation of natural phenomena a challenge problem in computer graphics. In the paper a simplified method of the wind field modelling is presented. The methods is based on a discrete volume space where vectors of the field are defined. The wind field is used animation of smoke. The smoke density is transferred between voxels in space due to wind vectors in subsequent frames.

18

Wpływ dodatków ograniczających palność na właściwości dymotwórcze elastycznych i półsztywnych pianek poliuretanowych

75%

Półka M. , Kukfisz B. , Auguścik M. , Leszczyńska M. , Ryszkowska J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2017

|

tom T. 96, nr 7

1472--1476

PL

Zbadano właściwości dymotwórcze pianek poliuretanowych elastycznych (6 próbek) i półsztywnych (8 próbek), w których składzie znajdowały się uniepalniacze (Fyrol PNX i grafit ekspandujący) oraz zmielony odpad gumowy. Badania wykonano metodą testu jednokomorowego w procesie spalania płomieniowego i bezpłomieniowego wg normy. Wyznaczono doświadczalnie maksymalną gęstość optyczną właściwą (Dsmax), czas do osiągnięcia Dsmax i gęstość optyczną właściwą w czwartej minucie badania (Ds4). W trakcie spalania płomieniowego pianek półsztywnych powstawał dym o większej wartości Dsmax niż w trakcie spalania pianek elastycznych. Odwrotną zależność zaobserwowano podczas spalania bezpłomieniowego. Przeprowadzone badania doświadczalne potwierdziły tezę, że o właściwościach dymotwórczych pianek poliuretanowych decyduje nie tylko ich skład chemiczny (rodzaj polioli, diizocyjanianów) i zastosowane dodatki (Fyrol PNX, grafit ekspandujący, zmielony odpad gumowy), ale również rodzaj i warunki ich spalania (płomieniowe, bezpłomieniowe).

EN

Six flexible polyurethane foams and 8 semi-rigid foams were prepd. under addn. of com. flame retardants (a P-contg. additive and flexible graphite) and ground rubber waste and tested for smoke formation during combustion performed using by single-chamber test method under flame and flameless conditions. The max. values of proper optical d., time of its achievement, and the values of proper optical d. after 4 min of combustion were detd. The flame combustion of semi-rigid foams resulted in formation of smoke of a higher d. after 4 min than during the combustion of rigid foams. A contrary relationship was obsd. during the flameless combustion. The smoke generating ability of polyurethane foams depended not only on their chem. compn. (type of polyols or diisocyanates) and the additives, but also on the type and conditions of flame or flameless combustion.

19

A study on the chemical composition of liquid smokes from ash wood

75%

Borys A.

Roczniki Instytutu Przemysłu Mięsnego i Tłuszczowego

|

1998

|

tom 35

|

nr 1

20

Mercury content in smoke and tobacco from selected cigarette brands

63%

Kowalski R. , Wierciński J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 2

155-162

EN

The study aimed at evaluating the total mercury content in tobacco and smoke released from selected cigarette brands. "Mechanical lips" were applied for determining the mercury concentration in cigarette smoke, and its level was ca1culated by balancing it in tobacco, ash, and cigarette filter. Analyses were made using mercury analyzer AMA-254. The study material consisted of selected-brands cigarettes grouped according to tar and nicotine substances contents declared by a producer: 3 brands (L1, L2, and L3) filled with low-tar and low-nicotine tobacco (4 and 0.3 mg/cigarette); 5 brands (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5) characterized by medium tar and medium nicotine contents (6÷8 and 0.5÷0.6 mg/cigarette), and two remaining brands (S1, S2) with high-tar and high-nicotine levels (12 and 1.0 mg/cigarette). Mercury contents in tobacco from tested cigarette brands ranged from 2.95 to 10.2 ng Hg per a single cigarette. Almost all mercury contained was released to the smoke (from 86.7 to 100%). Cigarette filters made of cellulose acetate appeared to be insufficient barrier for volatile mercury. In some cases, release of mercury from the filter into the smoke was observed. The element content in the filter was higher after than before smoking the cigarette for most brands; however, these were similar values to the metal content before smoking out. Applied filter filled with activated charcoal (single cigarette brand) contained the same amount of mercury before and after smoking the cigarette. Considering 20 smoked cigarettes as daily mean value for an individual person, it can be stated that it is a serious mercury source which supplies the smoker with a dose of 60÷200 ng of the toxic element into his/her lungs every day.

PL

Podjęto badania mające na celu określenie zawartości rtęci całkowitej w wypełnieniu papierosów (tytoniu), a następnie w dymie uwalnianym z papierosów. Przy oznaczeniu pierwiastka w dymie zastosowano "sztuczne usta" (wykonane z pompy strzykawkowej 335A (Unipan), a zawartość rtęci obliczano przez zbilansowanie jej poziomu w tytoniu, popiele i filtrze papierosa. Oznaczanie prowadzono z użyciem analizatora rtęci AMA-254. Materiał badawczy stanowiły papierosy wybranych marek pogrupowane według zawartości substancji smolistych i nikotyny podawanych przez producenta. Grupę pierwszą reprezentowały 3 marki (L1, 12 i L3) wypełnione tytoniem o małej zawartości substancji smolistych i nikotyny w porównaniu z pozostałymi (odpowiednio: 4 i 0,3 mg/papieros). Grupa druga obejmowała 5 marek papierosów (M1, M2, M3, M4 i M5) charakteryzujących się średnią zawartością substancji smolistych i nikotyny (odpowiednio: 6÷8 i 0,5÷0,6 mg/papieros). Grupę trzecią stanowiły papierosy dwu marek (S1, S2) o największej zawartości substancji smolistych i nikotyny (odpowiednio: 12 i 1,0 mg/papieros). Zawartość rtęci całkowitej w tytoniu przebadanych papierosów wahała się w granicach od 2,95 do 10,2 ng Hg na pojedynczy papieros. Prawie cała zawarta w nim rtęć przechodziła do dymu papierosa (od 86,7 do 100%). Zastosowane w papierosach filtry z octanu celulozy okazały się być niewystarczającą barierą dla par tego pierwiastka. W niektórych przypadkach zauważono nawet uwalnianie się do dymu rtęci zawartej w filtrze papierosa. W większości badanych papierosów zawartość tego pierwiastka w filtrach po spaleniu tytoniu była większa niż przed, ale były to wartości zbliżone do zawartości metalu w filtrze przed spaleniem. Zastosowany filtr z węglem aktywnym (jeden gatunek papierosów) zawierał przed i po spaleniu tę samą ilość rtęci. Przyjmując 20 szt. jako średnią dobową ilość wypalanych papierosów przez osobnika, można stwierdzić, że stanowią one dość znaczne źródło rtęci, dostarczające dzienną dawkę palaczowi do płuc w przedziale 60÷200 ng tego toksycznego metalu.