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EN
We investigated children aged 2-5, who had gone adenoidectomy for recurrent and/or persistent symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections for prevalence of pneumococci in adenoid tissue. Serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolated pneumococci were determined and also risk factors of pneumococcal colonization were defined. S. pneumoniae colonization in adenoids was found in 62 (60.2%) children. Serotypes belonged to 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) constituted 56.1% and 68.2% of the isolates, respectively. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin was found in 45.5% of isolates; pneumococci were resistant to co-trimoxazole (62.1%), tetracycline (43.9%), erythromycin (54.5%), clindamycin (54.5%) and chloramphenicol (31.8%). Multidrug resistant S. pneumoniae comprised 57.6% of the isolates. Antibiotic resistant pneumococci were mostly distributed among serotypes belonged to 10-valent and 13-valent PCVs. Good vaccine coverage among the isolated pneumococci confirmed that the introduction of PCVs in the national immunization programme may reduce the pool of resistant and multidrug resistant pneumococci in a community.
EN
Aim of the study: Dengue infection occurs almost all over subtropical and tropical countries. Dengue pathogenesis explaining its clinical manifestations is still unclear. Indonesia is a country with several hyperendemic regions. The study was aimed to investigate the incidence rate, sero-epidemiology, and the relationship between the serotype and the clinical severity of dengue viral infection in paediatric patients from Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta. Material and methods: It was an epidemiological research with prospective observational design reviewing febrile paediatric patients involved in “A Prospective Sero-epidemiology Study on Dengue Children Infection in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1995–1999 cohort study.” Febrile paediatric patients were diagnosed for dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome based on World Health Organization 1997 criteria. Serological diagnosis was performed using PRNT and serotype identification was performed by viral culture isolation and RT-PCR. Results: Laboratory data (PRNT, ELISA, RT-PCR and Isolation) showed that there were 220 children (130 males and 90 females) from 509 febrile patients among 2,149 paediatric subjects who were infected with dengue virus. Based on serotype identification, the following dengue virus serotype distributions were identified: DEN-1 26.81%, DEN-2 23.18%, DEN-3 22.72%, DEN-4 8.63%, and unidentified 18.63%. Clinical severities observed were as follows: dengue fever 78.6%, dengue haemorrhagic fever 18.2%, and dengue shock syndrome 3.2%. In the case of primary infection, only DEN-3 could cause severe clinical manifestations. Conclusions: Gondokusuman region in Yogyakarta could be classified as a hyperendemic region between 1995 and 1999, with the highest risk of severe clinical manifestations shown for DEN-3 during both, primary and secondary infection.
PL
Cel badań: Zakażenie wirusem dengi występuje niemal we wszystkich krajach subtropikalnych i tropikalnych. Patogeneza dengi oraz przyczyny wystąpienia objawów klinicznych pozostają niejasne. Indonezja jest krajem, w którym znajduje się kilka obszarów hiperendemicznych. Celem badania było ustalenie częstości występowania, seroepidemiologii oraz zależności między serotypem a nasileniem objawów klinicznych zakażenia wirusem dengi u dzieci pochodzących z dzielnicy Gondokusuman w mieście Yogyakarta. Materiał i metody: Przeprowadzono prospektywne epidemiologiczne badanie obserwacyjne oceniające dzieci z gorączką uczestniczące w badaniu zatytułowanym „A Prospective Sero-epidemiology Study on Dengue Children Infection in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1995–1999 cohort study”. U dzieci z gorączką rozpoznano gorączkę denga, gorączkę krwotoczną denga lub zespół wstrząsu dengi, zgodnie z kryteriami Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia z 1997 roku. Rozpoznanie serologiczne oparto na metodzie PRNT, serotyp identyfikowano poprzez izolację RNA z hodowli i analizę RT-PCR. Wyniki: Z danych uzyskanych w badaniach laboratoryjnych (PRNT, ELISA, RT-PCR i izolacja) wynika, że spośród 509 pacjentów z gorączką z grupy 2149 badanych osób 220 dzieci (130 chłopców i 90 dziewczynek) było zakażonych wirusem dengi. Na podstawie identyfikacji serotypów wirusa dengi określono rozkład dla każdego serotypu: DEN-1 26,81%, DEN-2 23,18%, DEN-3 22,72%, DEN-4 8,63% oraz niezidentyfikowany 18,63%. Nasilenie objawów klinicznych kształtowało się w następujący sposób: gorączka denga 78,6%, gorączka krwotoczna denga 18,2%, zespół wstrząsu dengi 3,2%. W przypadku zakażenia pierwotnego jedynie serotyp DEN-3 powodował wystąpienie ciężkich objawów klinicznych. Wnioski: W latach 1995–1999 dzielnicę Gondokusuman w mieście Yogyakarta można było klasyfikować jako obszar hiperendemiczny, charakteryzujący się najwyższym ryzykiem wystąpienia ciężkich objawów klinicznych wywołanych serotypem DEN-3 podczas zakażenia pierwotnego i wtórnego.
EN
Two typing methods were evaluated, utilizing 62 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to assess their usefulness as tools to study the bacterial diversity within this complex group. Genetic diversity was determined by PCR ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR. By these methods, 9 and 36 genotypes were found, respectively. The result showed that ERIC PCR analysis is a more discriminatory method than PCR ribotyping analysis and traditional serotyping scheme. We suggest that maximum discrimination can be achievied by a combination of these methods.
EN
To increase the diagnostic capacity of PCR, duplex PCR for the detection of the Meq gene and 132 bp sequence of Marek's disease virus (MDV), serotype 1 has been developed. The reaction enabled the differentiation of vaccine and field strains of MDV among serotype 1 of the virus. Additionally, it gave preliminary information about eventual vaccination with the Rispens strain.
EN
One hundred and twenty-six isolates of Yersinia ruckeri originating from different species of fish were collected: 122 from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Walbaum), three from pike (Esox lucius L.), and one from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The O- serotyping of the isolates were carried out for the first time in Poland by microplate agglutination assays according to the Davies procedure. Three O-serotypes were determined: O1, O5, and O7. Serotypes O2 and O6 have not been recognised. Almost all isolates were represented by serotype O1, which originated only from rainbow trout showing classical clinical signs of enteric redmouth disease. The strains representing serotype O5 were only collected from pike and serotype O7 from carp and rainbow trout showing no clinical signs of the diseases.
EN
Feline Calicivirus (FCV) has been recognised as major oral and respiratory pathogen of cats. The high correlation among the field viruses and FCV-F9 serotype has represented the immunological bases for the employ of FCV-F9 serotype as a vaccine for calicivirosis in cats. The aim of this paper was to evaluate, by in vitro neutralization assays, the antigenic correlation among the vaccine F9 and FCV field strains isolated in Sicily (Italy) from cats showing clinical forms referable to calicivirus infection. The results confirm the low correlation between FCV-F9 strain and calicivirus strains spread in the feline population.
EN
The 150 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and from pigs belonged to biotypes 4 (68.7%), 1A (18.7%) and 2 (4%), or were biochemically untypeable (8.6%). Biotype 4 was comprised of Y. enterocolitica strains representing serotype 0:3, within biotype 1A the strains either belonged to serotypes 0:5 and 0:6 or were untypeable, and biotype 2 was represented by the strains of serotype 0:9. The strains which were biochemically untypeable belonged to serotypes 0:5, 0:6 and 0:3. Among the strains tested there also were those of an unidentified biotype and serotype. Nearly all the strains of biotype 1A represented genotype ystB+myfA+, and few belonged to genotype ystB+. The presence of the ystB gene in the strains of biotype 1A and only occasional occurrence of the gene in the other biotypes makes ystB a distinguishing marker of biotype 1A. The strains of genotype ystA+ail+myfA+yadA+ predominated in biotype 4 (serotype 0:3). The strains of biotype 2 (serotype 0:9) represented genotype ystA+ail+myfA+, and the plasmid yadA gene was detected in some of them. Within the group of biochemically untypeable strains ystB- and myfA-specific PCR products were mainly obtained. The genotypes determined for the tested biotypes and serotypes of Y. enterocolitica, based upon the selected genes of virulence, can be applied as distinguishing markers and indicators of the potential virulence of Y. enterocolitica strains, excluding bioserotyping.
PL
Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w określeniu toksynotwórczości badanych serotypów pałeczek Salmonella większą przydatność wykazał test na oseskach mysich (10°/o czulszy) w porównaniu z testem na podwiązanych pętlach jelita kró­lika. Najwyższą toksynotwórczość wykazał serotyp S. dublin, natomiast brak tok­synotwórczości stwierdzono u serotypu S. choleraesuis. W określeniu zjadliwości indeks fagocytarny okazał się mniej przydatny od próby biologicznej na białych myszkach. Najbardziej zjadliwy w obu testach był serotyp S. typhimurium, naj­mniej zaś serotyp S. choleraesuis.
RU
Проведенные исследования показали, что, при определении токсиногенности иссле­дованных серотипов сальмонеллы, тест на сосунках мыши оказался более пригодным (чувствительность на 10% выше), нежели тест на подвязанных петлях кишки кролика. Наивысшей токсиногенностью отличался серотип S. dublin, в то время как у серотипа S. choleraesuis не обнаружили активности. При определении вирулентности фагоци­тарный индекс оказался менее пригодным, нежели биологическая проба на белых мышках. Наиболее вирулентным при обоих тестах был серотип S. typhimurium, а наименее — серотип S. choleraesuis.
EN
The research proved that the test for mouse sucklings showed a higher usabi­lity in the estimation of toxin-activity in the examined Salmonella serotypes 10% more sensitive), as compared with the rabbit ligated bowel loop test. The highest toxin-activity was found in S. dublin serotype, whereas no toxin-activity was observed in S. choleraesuis serotype. The phagocytic index proved to be less useful in determining virulence than the biological test for white mice. S. typhimurium serotype was the most virulent one in both tests, while S. choleraesuis serotype was the least virulent one.
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