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Scholar and researchers: a typology

100%

Kozielecki J.

nr 3

Three types of scholars are identified: precursor, savant, and instigator. Scholars produce creative and seminal ideas that serve to advance science. In parallel, three types of researchers are singled out: replicator, erudite, and outsider. Their work lacks creativity and originality, being mostly imitative and derivative. Science (the body of knowledge) is advanced by some, and hampered by other factors.

Początki polskiego stylu naukowego – między teorią naukową a praktyką gospodarczą

89%

Biniewicz J.

tom 24

283-297

The author focuses on the history of the Polish scientific style. The Polish scientific style begun to evolve in the sixteenth century. Science is a vehicle for empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. In the 16th century, many scholars believed that mathematics was the right tool for solving practical problems often faced by craftsmen and merchants. The first Polish texts on mathematics proposed a lecture about the basics of arithmetic and geometry. The author discusses the first scientific texts written in Polish, namely Algorithmus: To jest nauka Liczby: Polsk¹ rzecz¹ wydana (1538) (Algorithmus: This is the Science of Numbers: Published in the Polish Language) by Tomasz K³os, Algorytm (1553) (Algorithmus) by Bernard Wojewódka and Geometria, To jest Miernicka Nauka, po polsku krótko napisana z greckich i z ³aciñskich (Geometry, This is the science of Land Surveyors, briefly in the Polish Language written from Greek and Latin Books) (1566) by Stanis³aw Grzepski. The analysis of the language of science formation in the 16th century Poland shows that already in the early phase of its creation certain properties that characterize Polish modern academic discourse can be seen, namely bilingual communication, preference for specialist language, a rhetorical figure and the use of specific forms of the verb.

Początki, rozwój i aktualny stan pedagogiki pracy w Polsce Cz. II. Teoretyczne i metodologiczne podstawy pedagogiki pracy

63%

Wiatrowski Z.

nr 1(80)

13-29

The second part of the article describes the theoretical and methodological basis of work pedagogy. The author presented the contribution of the Institute for Vocational Educa-tion into the development of basis of work pedagogy. The significant role has been also played by cyclic seminars All-Poland Seminar of Work Pedagogy, which were a scien-tific school of prof. Tadeusz Nowacki and people from his close circle: Z. Wiatrowskiego, S. Kaczora, K. Czarneckiego in 70s and 80s. The circle of work pedagogy’s authors was extended in 90s by the following professors: Stefan Kwiat-kowski, W. Furmanek, R. Parzęcki, K. Uździcki, E. Malewska, A. Bogaj, J. Niemiec. The author of the article has presented the conferences, scientific seminars and signifi-cant scientific achievements of work pedagogy’s authors. The article includes also the lists of conferences, seminars, publications significant for the development of theoretical and methodological basis of work pedagogy.

Giovanni Maver (1891–1970). Włoski promotor polskiej nauki i literatury

44%

Piskurewicz J.

nr 2

265-287

Giovanni Maver, najwybitniejszy włoski polonista, to postać bardzo zasłużona dla rozwoju relacji naukowych i kulturalnych Polski z Włochami w XX wieku. Jest on znany przede wszystkim jako autor licznych opracowań, wykładowca, kierownik katedry języka i literatury polskiej na Uniwersytecie Rzymskim, a także współpracownik polskich instytucji naukowych i kulturalnych we Włoszech i w Polsce. Tej jego działalności dotyczy niniejszy artykuł. Największą zasługę w pozyskaniu Mavera dla kultury i nauki polskiej miał jego długoletni przyjaciel, wybitny historyk literatury Roman Pollak. W artykule jest więc także mowa o ich osobistych kontaktach i współpracy, o więzi trwającej aż do końca życia.

Giovanni Maver, the most outstanding Italian researcher in Polish Studies, is a meritorious figure for the development of the 20th century Polish scientific and cultural relations with Italy. He is known first and foremost as the author of numerous studies, as a scholar, Head of the Chair for Polish Language and Literature, the University of Rome, and also as a collaborator with many Polish academic and cultural institutions in Italy and in Poland. This collaboration is made the subject of the present paper. Roman Pollak, an illustrious literary historian and Maver’s long-time friend, proved to have had greatest contribution in acquiring him for the Polish Studies. The article also touches their private contacts, cooperation, and bonds that lasted until the end of Maver’s life.