Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Combined analysis of onco-epidemiological studies of the relationship between lung cancer and indoor radon exposure

100%

Yarmoshenko I. V. , Malinovsky G. P.

Nukleonika

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2020

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tom Vol. 65, No. 2

83--88

EN

Objectives: Recent results of epidemiological and medical statistics studies of lung cancer and indoor radon in different regions of the world make a relevant new combined analysis of residential exposure health effects. In particular, new data were obtained by means of a meta-analysis of case-control studies as well as taking into account a confounding effect of human papillomavirus infection in studies of geographically aggregated data. Materials and methods: Two sources of epidemiological data are considered: (1) studies of ecological design and (2) case-control studies. Ecological studies included the analysis performed for the USA counties and Russian oblasts with adjusting for the main confounders. Data on the case-control studies were gained from the meta-analysis of 31 individual studies with a weighting of obtained odds ratios according to the quality of radon exposure reconstruction and size of the reference group. Estimations of lung cancer excess relative risk (ERR) associated with indoor radon exposure are combined. Results: Two types of epidemiological study design provided generally consistent EER estimations. The combined value of ERR due to radon exposure is 0.14 (90% CI: 0.10–0.18) per 100 Bq/m3 . Conclusion: Available geographically aggregated data in regions of Russia and the United States and the meta-analysis of case-control studies conducted in a large number of countries confirm the association of lung cancer with indoor radon exposure.

2

Lung cancer mortality and radon exposure in Russia

100%

Yarmoshenko I. V. , Malinovsky G. P.

Nukleonika

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2016

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tom Vol. 61, No. 3

263--268

EN

The association between the lung cancer and indoor radon exposure in Russian population was investigated. The average indoor radon concentration for each region was estimated using the annual reports issued by the Saint-Petersburg Ramzaev Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene for the period 2008–2013. The average standardized lung cancer mortalities among males and females were estimated using the reports of the Moscow Hertzen Cancer Research Institute for the period 2008–2012. The relative risk (RR) was estimated as a ratio between the average mortality within seven exposure intervals and background mortality. The slope factors of linear dependence between the indoor radon exposure and lung cancer RR are 0.026 (–0.11÷0.17) and 0.83 (0.52–1.12) per radon concentration 100 Bq/m3 for males and females, respectively (with 90% confidence interval). The obtained results can be explained by the confounding effect of tobacco smoking. Significant excess risk of lung cancer in female population can be associated with radon exposure and low prevalence of smoking.

3

The use of chained two-point clusters for the examination of associations of air pollution with health conditions

75%

Szyszkowicz M. , Burr W. S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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tom 29

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nr 4

613-622

EN

Objectives There are a few accepted and intensively applied statistical methods used to study associations of ambient air pollution with health conditions. Among the most popular methods applied to assess short term air health effects are case-crossover (using events) and time-series methodologies (using counts). A few other techniques for studying counts of events have been proposed, including the Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). One suggested GLMM technique uses cluster structures based on natural embedded hierarchies: days are nested in the days of a week (dow), which, in turn, are nested in months and months in years (< dow, month, years >). Material and Methods In this study the authors considered clusters with hierarchical structures in a form of < dow, 14-days, year >, where the 14-days hierarchy determines 7 clusters composed of 2 days (the same days) of a week (2 Mondays, 2 Tuesdays, etc.), in 1 year. In this work the authors proposed hierarchical chained clusters in which 2 days of a week are grouped as follows: (first, second), (second, third), (third, fourth) and so on. Such an approach allows determination of an additional series of the slopes on the clusters (second, third), (fourth, fifth), etc., i.e., estimation of the coefficients for other configurations of air pollutant levels. The authors considered a series of 2 point chained clusters covering a year. In such a construction each cluster has one common data point (day) with another one. Results The authors estimated coefficients (slopes) related to the ambient ozone exposure (mortality) and to 3 selected air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone) combined into index and considered as health risk exposure (emergency department (ED) visits). The generated results were compared to the estimations obtained from the time-series method and the time-stratified case-crossover method applied to the same data. Conclusions The proposed statistical method, based on the chained hierarchical clusters (< dow, 14-days, year >), generated results with shorter confidence intervals than the other methods.

4

Prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis among adolescents in Lviv Region (Ukraine) during years 2000-2010

75%

Kasiyan O. , Tkachenko H. , Lukaszewicz J. , Kurhaluk N.

Słupskie Prace Biologiczne

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2014

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nr 11

5

The impact of employment restriction on the risk of an accident at work in the mining industry in Poland

63%

Małysa T. , Nowacki K. , Łakomy K. , Lykholat S.

Production Engineering Archives

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2024

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tom Vol. 30, Iss. 1

67--74

EN

The European Union's energy policy has necessitated a reduction in coal mining, with significant consequences for occupational safety within the industry. This study investigates the correlation between employment reduction and accident risk within Poland's mining sector during 2006-2020, a period marked by over a 40% decrease in coal extraction and a corresponding 30% decrease in mining employment. An escalation in the relative risk (RR) of accidents was observed, increasing from 1.28 to 2.33. More critically, the RR of fatal accidents rose from 2.54 to 8.22 by 2019. Analysis revealed a critical employment threshold: a fall in mining employment below 140,000 is associated with a marked increase in accident risk, particularly fatal accidents. A linear model was developed to suggest that a reduction in the RR of accidents to 0.7 is requisite to achieve a national average risk for fatal accidents (RR = 1). The findings advocate for targeted safety interventions and propose a preventive strategy model. The implications are vital for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to improve worker safety in response to employment changes within the mining sector

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ДИНАМІКА РУХОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ МІСЬКИХ УЧНІВ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

63%

Гозак С. , Єлізорова О. , Парац А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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nr 3(57)

93-104

EN

The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of motor activity of urban pupils of secondary school age from 2010 to 2015. With the help of questionnaire «My physical activity», which included 12 questions about the physical activity both at school and outside school hours in adapted for secondary school age children form, two surveys with a five-year interval were conducted in Kyiv. To establish the common patterns of physical activity assessment, the integral indicator of the level of physical activity has been calculated. The quantitative characteristics of the influence factors have been assessed by calculating the relative risk. It is determined that in the process of the study the integral estimation of the average value of physical activity is decreased by 16,4 % (p<0,001). In the 2010-2015 period we have determined (p<0,05) the following increase: the proportion of the pupils that do not do morning exercises - in 1,7 times, the proportion of children who do not come to the school yard during the break - in 2,7 times, the proportion of children who are not engaged in the lessons of physical training in full force - in 3 times; significantly, the proportion of children walking 1,5 hours or more in the open air decreased by 1,3 time; the proportion of children who are engaged in «physical activity minutes» in the classrooms decreased by 1,4 times and the proportion of children attending sports/dance clubs decreased by 1.8 times. The probability of diseases of the pupils with low physical activity increased significantly by 20% in comparison with average and high (p<0,01). The diseases, in turn, increase the likelihood of low physical activity almost in 2 times. That’s why the sufficient physical activity as an important criterion for a healthy lifestyle of the middle-aged pupils is decreasing by increasing the popular types of non-physical activity (computer games, social networks) and shows a lack of motivation for responsible enhancing of their physical activity. In addition, a dramatic progression of non-communicable diseases among schoolchildren (scoliosis, obesity, neurosis) makes this problem an issue for further study, as well as development and implementation of hygiene measures to promote physical activity among the pupils.

7

Wpływ generacji na ryzyko wypadków drogowych

63%

Jackowska B. , Wycinka E.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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2019

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tom 64

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nr 2

64-82

EN

The paper deals with the widespread perception, popular since 2017, that millennials are the worst drivers. In motor insurance, it is commonly known that age and gender are significant determinants of accidents’ risk. Nowadays, millennials are the youngest drivers. Thus, the question arises whether, apart from the age, generation is a risk factor. The aim of this paper is to verify whether generation influences the level of the road accidents rate in Poland besides age and gender of drivers. Due to the downward trend of this rate, the relative risk of road accidents was analysed among licensed drivers in Poland in the years 2006-2017. For the analysis data of the Polish National Police, Polish Road Safety Observatory, Statistics Poland, Social Diagnosis as well as Public Opinion Research Centre were used. The percentage of licensed drivers was estimated for age and gender groups as well as the percentage of millennials in these groups, according to the generation theory. The results of the empirical study for age groups of both perpetrators of the accidents and drivers involved in accidents do not confirm the hypothesis about the impact of the generation on the risk of a road accident.

PL

W 2017 r. rozpowszechniano pogląd, że milenialsi (przedstawiciele generacji Y) są najgorszymi kierowcami. W ubezpieczeniach komunikacyjnych od dawna znana jest prawidłowość, że do najważniejszych determinant ryzyka spowodowania wypadku należą wiek i płeć kierującego. Obecnie milenialsi są najmłodszymi kierowcami. Pojawia się zatem pytanie, czy przynależność do pokolenia - oprócz wieku - stanowi czynnik ryzyka spowodowania wypadku. Celem podjętego badania jest zweryfikowanie wpływu wieku i płci kierowców oraz ich przynależności do generacji na poziom wskaźnika wypadków drogowych w Polsce. W związku z występowaniem malejącego trendu tego wskaźnika dokonano analizy ryzyka względnego wypadków drogowych wśród osób posiadających prawo jazdy w Polsce w latach 2006-2017. W analizie wykorzystano dane z Komendy Głównej Policji (KGP), Polskiego Obserwatorium Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego (POBR), Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (GUS), Diagnozy Społecznej i badań Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej (CBOS). W grupach wieku i płci estymowano odsetki osób posiadających prawo jazdy. Oszacowano udział poszczególnych generacji w tych grupach, przyjmując założenia teorii cyklu pokoleniowego. Przeprowadzone badania według grup wieku kierujących pojazdami sprawców wypadków oraz kierujących pojazdami uczestników wypadków nie potwierdziły hipotezy o wpływie generacji na ryzyko wypadku.

8

Radon exhalation from building materials and soil

51%

Pieńkowska H.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2005

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tom nr 8

27-39

EN

Radon is one of many natural sources of ionizing radiation on earth. The study presents radon properties and specifies its content in the natural environment and building materials. Trace-detectors were used to measure radon concentration. Measurement results for the city of Olsztyn are presented along with procedures aimed at reducing its concentration. Opinions on health hazards are also quoted.

PL

Radon jest jednym z wielu naturalnych źródeł promieniowania jonizującego na Ziemi. Opisano właściwości radonu i określono jego zawartość w środowisku naturalnym i materiałach budowlanych. Zastosowano detektory śladowe do pomiaru jego stężenia. Podano wyniki pomiarów dla Olsztyna oraz tok postępowania w celu zredukowania stężenia tego karcynogenu. Przytoczono opinie na temat jego szkodliwości dla zdrowia.

9

Związki przyczynowo-skutkowe między błędami w świadczeniu opieki medycznej i skutkiem śmiertelnym

51%

Hovsepyan A. , Hovhannesyan R. , Mkhitaryan K. , Nogacka E.

Problemy Kryminalistyki

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2020

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nr 310

34-37

PL

W artykule omówiono problematykę rozpoznawania i określania związków przyczynowo-skutkowych między błędami w świadczeniu opieki medycznej a skutkiem śmiertelnym na podstawie materiałów zleconych ekspertyz z zakresu medycyny sądowej. W odniesieniu do wystąpienia błędów w świadczeniu opieki medycznej w 30,3% przypadków stwierdzono związek przyczynowo-skutkowy między częstością błędów medycznych a prawdopodobieństwem śmiertelności. Największy wpływ na prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia zgonu miały błędy w rozpoznaniu (RR = 2,41) i leczeniu (RR = 15,65).

EN

The article discusses the issues of identifying and determining the cause-effect relations between defects in the provision of medical care and lethal outcome based on the materials of commission forensic medical expertise. In the presence of defects in the provision of medical care in 30.3% of cases a cause-effect relation was detected between the frequency of defects in medical care and the likelihood of lethal outcome. The likelihood of the occurrence of lethal outcome was most influenced by defects in diagnosis (RR = 2.41) and treatment (RR = 15.65).