Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Optimization of performance parameters of high-contrast subwavelength grating with high reflectivity for bio-sensing applications

100%

Sharma P. , Kaler R. S. , Teotia P.

Optica Applicata

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2024

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tom Vol. 54, nr 1

115--122

EN

Highly reflective mirror technologies are majorly required in bio-sensing applications to eliminate complex multiple diffraction orders. In this paper, various grating parameters, i.e. width, thickness, and period are analyzed to get optimized values and high reflectivity for high-contrast subwavelength grating (HCSG) structure. Besides these parameters, polarization modes, angle of incidences, and refractive index have been diversely analyzed to monitor their effects on HCSG structure with respect to reflectivity. The simulation results manifest that the optimized parameters help to achieve the best reflectivity that can be further utilized in bio-sensing applications.

2

Silicon surface texturing by reactive ion etching

100%

Dekkers H. F. W. , Duerinckx F. , Szlufcik J. , Nijs J.

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2000

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tom Vol. 8, No. 4

311-316

EN

The high reflectivity of bare silicon substrates is reduced by roughening the surface with reactive ion etching (RIE). Silicon samples are immersed in a plasma chamber and ion assisted etching produces a high density of pits across the surface of the silicon. The obtained reflectivity is only slightly dependent on grain orientations and so RIE offers a way to effectively texture multi - crystalline substrates that cannot be easily textured using the methods commonly employed for single crystalline silicon. Typical reactive ion etching techniques produce a silicon surface with a very low reflectivity (black silicon). However, such surfaces increase carrier recombination and so the efficiency of the resulting solar cells is low. By adjusting the process conditions, the height and width of the surface features can be controlled to produce a surface that is sufficiently rough to couple light into the cell. Under specific conditions, etching pits are formed by intersections of {111} - crystallographic planes. The RIE selectivity for those planes causes a texture with {111} - surfaces and slows down the RIE process when this texture is formed. This effect causes a self-adjusting uniformity of texture over the whole substrate what might be of a use in bath reactors. Following the RIE process, short wet chemical etching removes the ion damaged silicon layer that is responsible for defect recombination of carries. The etched surfaces are described using scanning electron microscopy and finished solar cells are characterised with spectral response.

3

Direct comparison of reflectivity of picosecond and subnanosecond high-intensity light pulses from a metal target.

75%

Badziak J. , Makowski J. , Piotrowski M.

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2000

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tom Vol. 30, nr 4

757-763

EN

The specular reflectivities of picosecond and subnanosecond high-intensity light pulses from a gold target are investigated and compared. It is found that the reflectivity for a picosecond pulse is several times higher than for a subnanosecond one and that dependences of the reflectivity on light pulse energy or intensity are different for both kinds of pulses. A qualitative explanation of the observed features of reflectivity is provided.

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WPŁYW PRAKTYK NAUCZYCIELSKICH NA ROZWÓJ REFLEKSYJNOŚCI STUDENTÓW FILOLOGII ANGIELSKIEJ ORAZ NA ICH DALSZE DECYZJE ZWIĄZANE Z WYBOREM ZAWODU NAUCZYCIELA

71%

Derenowski M.

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nr 45/1

27-41

EN

Taking part in teaching practice is supposed to help students of Englishphilology make the right decisions concerning their future teaching careers.During their third year of studies they conduct 45 lessons individually.During these teaching hours students have a unique opportunityto put their theoretical knowledge into practice in the classroom anddecide if they really want to become teachers in the future. The studypresents data obtained from a short questionnaire and group interviewsconducted among philology students after their teaching practice.It focuses on the students’ opinions concerning the influence ofteaching practice on the development of reflectivity and on the choiceof future career. Additionally, students were asked about the possiblereasons influencing their decisions about the future.

5

Natura (nie)odzyskana. Pan Knuta Hamsuna

65%

Kruszelnicki M.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2017

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nr 28

EN

The Norwegian novelist Knut Hamsun’s outstanding early novel Pan. From Lieutenant Thomas Glahn’s Papers (1894) is often acknowledged as a manifestation of the specificity and profundity of Hamsun’s perception of nature. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I argue that the novel’s main protagonist cannot be simply seen as the happily fulfilled “man of nature” for whom he wishes to pass. In a critical dialogue with the post-Romantic interpretations of Pan and drawing on some classic philosophical traditions (i.e. Rousseau, Schiller) as well as the modern Norwegian scholarship, I explore the psychological dimension of Hamsun’s masterpiece and present Glahn as an individual who attempts to erase or at least mystify within a personalized narrative the conflict between the objective world and his subjective perception of reality. This predicament seems essential to understanding Glahn’s character and ipso facto Hamsun’s less obvious position in the philosophical debate on the essence of modernity conceived as “Disenchantment”. By carefully following Glahn’s narratives centered on his experience of nature, I reveal their artificial and simulating character. Such a reading allows me to argue that Hamsun’s Pan concurs in a subtler language of literature with the philosophical acknowledgement, dating back to Rousseau, of the impossibility of the individual’s return to the pre-modern time, as if to the realm of original, transcendental sense and immediacy of our experience of the world. The horizons of the modern – perhaps suffice to say: mature? – historicized and highly reflexive consciousness cannot be transgressed; the Romantic sensitivity, in its naïve search for the authentic experience of nature as a source of the self and the sense, can only regain it in discourse, which amounts to positing nature as a beautiful appearance and thus compensating for one’s dramatic feeling of alienation from nature and being conceived of as a metaphysical “wholeness”.

6

Szanse życiowe młodych Polaków – problem sprawstwa

63%

Łukasik I. M.

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tom 35

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nr 3

EN

Entering adulthood is a process which for many people becomes a source of disappointment and frustration. If young people aren’t prepared for the encounters with difficulties which can be met while searching for their own place in life during their school education, they become helpless and have a “cracked” reflectivity, as noted by Margaret S. Archer. At the same time one cannot ignore the gradual emergence of a new social class – the precariat – a dangerous class, as we are warned by Guy Standing. This group consists predominantly of young adults who are often seeking work far from home without any guarantee of employment. The role played by the sense of agency is indisputable. Life chances depend on whether one acts with his/her free will. The only hope for proper social functioning is community building because, according to Charles Taylor, individualism, the predominance of instrumental rationality, and the lack of active citizenship constitute a kind of contemporary threat.

PL

Wkraczanie w dorosłe życie to proces, który dla wielu osób staje się źródłem rozczarowań, frustracji. Jeśli młodzi ludzie w okresie szkolnej edukacji nie zostaną przygotowani na zetknięcie z trudnościami, jakie ich mogą czekać przy poszukiwaniu swojego miejsca w życiu, to stają się ludźmi bezradnymi, o „pękniętej” refleksyjności (określenie Margaret S. Archer). Nie można nie dostrzec tworzenia się nowej i – jak przestrzega Guy Standing – groźnej klasy społecznej, prekariatu. W tej grupie dominują młodzi dorośli poszukujący rynku pracy nawet daleko od domu rodzinnego, bez gwarancji zatrudnienia. Rola sprawstwa jest bezsporna. Szanse życiowe zależą od działania podmiotu zgodnego z wolną wolą. Nadzieją na właściwe funkcjonowanie społeczne jest budowanie wspólnoty, ponieważ indywidualizm, prymat rozumu instrumentalnego, brak aktywności obywatelskiej, zdaniem Charlesa Taylora, stanowią rodzaj współczesnego zagrożenia.

7

Edukacja – od transmisyjnego nauczania do transformatywnego uczenia się

63%

Perkowska-Klejman A.

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nr 1

477-494

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie przemian w zakresie edukacji – od transmisyjnego nauczania do transformatywnego uczenia się. Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe założenia i definicje uczenia się, nauczania oraz edukacji. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono główne paradygmaty uczenia się: transmisyjny, behawioralny, kognitywny oraz konstruktywny. Kluczowe dla tej pracy uczenie się transformatywne oparte jest na paradygmatycznej ramie konstruktywizmu społecznego, ale wyraźnie nawiązuje do teorii krytycznych. Transformatywne uczenie się jest ukazane jako najodpowiedniejszy – odpowiadający czasom współczesnym – wzorzec edukacyjny. Końcowe rozważania dotyczą uczenia się transformatywnego w nawiązaniu do współczesnych regulacji edukacyjnych: krajowych, europejskich i globalnych.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the changes in the education – from transmissive teaching to transformative learning. The article presents the basic assumptions and definitions of learning, teaching and education. Next, the main learning paradigms are shown: transmissive, behavioral, cognitive and constructive. Transformative learning – key to this work, is based on the paradigmatic framework of social constructivism, but it is clearly related to critical theories. Transformative learning is presented as the most appropriate educational pattern corresponding to the modern times. The final considerations show transformative learning in relation to contemporary educational, national, European and global regulations.

8

Determination of different optical properties for cubic titanium dioxide: an AB-INITIO approach

63%

Dash D. , Pandey C. K. , Chaudhury S. , Tripathy S. K.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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tom Vol. 12, no 3

223--232

EN

This paper presents an analysis of optical properties of cubic titanium dioxide (TiO2) using Orthogonalized Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals (OLCAO) basis set under the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT). Many optical properties such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, photoconductivity, and loss coefficient have been studied and analyzed thoroughly. From the analysis of optical properties, it is seen that, cubic TiO2 supports interband transition between states. Reflectivity of pyrite structure TiO2 lies within IRvisible – UV region due to which it qualifies for coating industry. Furthermore, the results are compared with previous theoretical as well as with experimental results. It is found that DFT based simulation produces results which are close approximation to experimental results.

9

Reflectivity of anodised Al-Si alloy surface of belt pulleys used in combustion engines

51%

Labisz K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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tom z. 112

125--133

EN

The recent trend of using aluminium alloys instead of steel has reached the transportation industry, where increasingly, more parts are made of aluminium. An example is the belt pulley, applied for combustion engines for energy transmission. This part should be strong, durable, and lightweight. Aluminium-silicon alloys are a good choice, moreover, even when the surface is anodised, also because of their moderate inertia control and excellent wear characteristic during mechanical operations. Since aluminium is lightweight yet mechanically durable and anodised, it is an ideal belt pulley to use, especially in high-temperature operations. However, the main question is what type of Al-Si alloy, casting method and anodisation method should be used in terms of energy adsorption, having long-term properties for a lifetime, has to be applied. For this reason, this paper presents the influence of the chemical composition, casting method and anodising parameters on the structure and thickness of the anodic layer produced on aluminium alloys, as well as on the albedo value as an ability to reflect or absorb light. The aluminium alloys, AlSi12Cu1 and AlSi9Cu3, were used as research materials, obtained using different casting methods. The goal of this work was to determine the optimal combination of the anodisation conditions and materials for maximising the reflectivity factor of the surface, as a very important factor, determining the energy amount absorbed by an anodised surface. For further improvement of these surface properties as well as for enhancement of the properties and strengthen the material produced with different aluminium alloys production methods, different alloying additives were added. In addition, the mechanical properties of the surface layer were measured, where a remarkable hardness increase was obtained, and the best combination in form of AlSi12Cu1 high pressure cast was found with the highest albedo factor among all tested surface variants.