Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

An Outline of the Issue of the Need for Physical Activity among Preschool Children – As Exemplified by BiałA Podlaska Area

100%

Plandowska M.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2015

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tom 21

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nr 1

25-29

EN

Introduction. Respecting a child's need for physical activity is an extremely important factor that determines proper development of preschool children. To meet this demand children need approximately 6 hours (boys) or 5 hours and 15 minutes of activity (girls) [1]. However, for many years we have seen serious neglect in terms of meeting children's need for physical activity and for staying outdoors. The aim of this study was to define to what extent the older preschool children's need for physical activity and staying outdoors was satisfied. Material and methods. An interview with parents and an observation technique were employed in the study. The obtained data were used to draw up an activity card that included activities undertaken by a child in a period of 24 hours. An assessment of physical activity consisted of highlighting movement activities on the card and noting their duration (in minutes). A proper classification was developed to determine to what degree the examined children's need for physical activity and staying outdoors was fulfilled. Results and conclusions. Movement activities organised in a kindergarten are the basic form of physical activity of preschool children. It is the only form of physical activity for children whose needs are not fully met (slightly more than half of the children). Children with sufficient physical activity (every third child is exposed to the activity defined as satisfactory, while every tenth child's needs are fulfilled to a very good degree) undertake extra (spontaneous) activities such as outdoor games and plays as well as activities selected by adults. The research revealed that it is necessary to increase the duration of daily physical activities at home and at a kindergarten and to hold outdoor games and plays more frequently.

2

Forms of Physical Activity of Biała Podlaska Preschool Children

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Gradus P. , Benza E. , Rybak O. , Krzysztoń P. , Batorzyńska P. , Plandowska M. , Kurpeta W. L.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2015

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tom 21

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nr 3

163-167

EN

Introduction. Physical activity is fundamental to children's all-round development in the first six years of their life. It is particularly significant in preschool age, when the need for movement is predominant. Psychomotor development, conditioned by children's innate abilities and their own activity, depends upon the influence of external surroundings as well as parental upbringing and preschool education. The aim of the study was to obtain data regarding physical activity (both structured and unstructured) of children during their stay in a kindergarten. Material and methods. The study was conducted in five state kindergartens situated in four main housing estates of Bia³a Podlaska. It included 11 groups of older preschool children. It was a diagnostic study. A diagnostic poll method employed in the study included interviews with teachers, lesson observations (during one day) and document analyses (programmes and class registers). Results. During their stay in a kindergarten children take part in physical activities for 1.5 hours a day. During this period they participate in obligatory forms of physical activity such as morning gymnastics, movement plays, outdoor activities and gymnastic exercises. Furthermore, optional movement activities are organised in kindergartens (different forms in different kindergartens). Such extra classes enable children to be physically active for over two more hours per week. Conclusions. In terms of caring about health and motor development of children, not all elements of preschool education programmes are fully realised. Training sessions, workshops and lectures showing diverse forms of physical activity for children ought to be organised for preschool teachers.

3

Mental activity in preschool children with severe craniocerebral trauma

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Zakrepina A. , Strebeleva E.

Acta Neuropsychologica

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2018

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tom 16(1)

69-81

EN

Currently, pedagogical assistance to children with severe craniocerebral trauma (TCMT) is an actual problem not only in healthcare, but also in special needs education. The aim of this research was to identify leading factors in the structure of mental activity in children with severe craniocerebral trauma (TCMT). The experiment involved 65 preschool children as participants (28 of them girls and 37 boys). The following research methods were used: observation of a child, psychological and pedagogical examination. According to clinical rates, all participating children had a combined type of severe craniocerebral injury. The majority of children were in a vegetative state. A scientific examination of the children was carried out over one year in the period of the early stages of hospital rehabilitation. The results showed a disharmonious distribution of the factors load in the structure of mental activity, depending on the severity of its manifestations in the early stages of rehabilitation. Despite a similar diagnosis of TCMT in terms of clinical parameters, three groups of factors were distinguished: the first factor encompasses characteristics that reflect the emotional-sensory level of mental activity; the second factor combines elementary arbitrary movements and actions, combined with involuntary manifestations, which may indicate difficulties in understanding the meaning of the speech addressed to the child; the third factor is saturated with the characteristics of arbitrary actions associated with the perception and purposefulness of movements and actions. This is supported by socially important forms of behavior of the child and an accessible way of communicating with the adult in a particular subject game or everyday situation. Although similar looking severe consequences of craniocerebral trauma are being demonstrated, the mental activity in patients in the study group had different manifestations depending on the prevailing factors. It was possible to differentiate the content of the educational training of patients in a variety of hospital rehabilitation activities.

4

Детские манипуляции во взаимодействии с родителями

100%

Kuzmishina T.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

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2013

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tom 9

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nr 2(21)

65-72

EN

This paper describes the manipulative behaviour of children in their relationships with parents in situations of parental demands and prohibitions. The results of research into the frequency and types of manipulation used by school children are also described.

5

Uczucia religijne dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym w świetle ich własnych wypowiedzi oraz w percepcji ich matek

100%

Tatala M. , Mańkowska M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2005

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tom 8

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nr 1

81-104

PL

Przedmiotem analiz są wyniki badań dotyczących uczuć religijnych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, otrzymane bezpośrednio (z wypowiedzi dzieci) oraz pośrednio (z wypowiedzi ich matek). Zbadano 90 dzieci w wieku 4, 5 i 6 lat za pomocą metody obrazkowej oraz przeprowadzono wywiad z ich matkami. Przedstawiono analizę rozwoju treściowej reprezentacji w zakresie uczuć religijnych u dzieci, a następnie porównano dane uzyskane od dzieci i ich matek, biorąc pod uwagę treść oraz sposób ekspresji opisywanych uczuć. Omówiono relacje w obrębie uczuć pozytywnych i negatywnych, natomiast pogłębionej analizie statystycznej poddano uczucia negatywne. Stwierdzono, że na poziomie prawidłowości globalnych obydwa źródła danych o uczuciach religijnych dzieci wykazują bardzo zbliżoną jakość. Natomiast analiza szczegółowa ujawnia różnice o zasięgu lokalnym, przy czym otrzymane wyniki nie zaprzeczają sobie, ale wzajemnie się uzupełniają.

EN

The study concerns religious feelings in preschool children as reported by the children and by their mothers. 90 children at the ages 4, 5 and 6 were studied by means of a picture method and interviews with their mothers were carried out. The paper includes a contents analysis of the representations of religious feelings in children as well as a comparison of the data from children and their mothers with the focus on both the contents and the way of expressing the feelings reported. The relationships between positive and negative feelings are discussed and more detailed statistical analysis was applied to negative feelings. It was found that on the level of general tendencies the both sources of reports concerning children’s religious feelings showed similar quality. A more detailed analysis discovered certain minor differences, however, the data from the two sources were complementary rather than contradictory.

6

The role of karate in preparing boys for school education

100%

Pavlova I. , Bodnar I. , Vitos J.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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tom 6

54-63

EN

Karate classes can positively affect the health of children and develop body and soul harmoniously. The purpose of the work is to examine the influence of physical ed ucation classes with a priority in application of oriental martial arts on the physical and psychophysical preparedness of preschool boys (n=71). Assessment of physical and psycho -physical preparedness for children was performed with the set of tests ( stan ding long jump , throws of the ball against the wall and catching it , flexion and extension of arms lying on the floor , jumping with a rope to fatigue , raising of the body from the initial supine position , squats, writing the letter “O”, claps, pronouncing of digits, keeping the “Flamingo” pose). The children from the experimental group (n=33) were trained by the program with the priority in application of karate. Children from control group had Physical Education classes according Ukrainian State program fo r preschooler children “Sure Start”. The physical state and the level of psycho -physical fitness were rated as average. The implementation of the physical education program with the priority in application of karate has proven its higher efficacy compared to the traditional one. The program contributed significantly to raising the level of physical and mental fitness, overall assessment increased from 3.0 to 4.8 points in the experimental group. Better discipline, greater attention, higher mental capacity and less fatigue of children who attended the author’s program confirm that the classes with the priority of karate application can promote the full readiness of children for school.

7

ЗМІСТ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ДЕЯКИХ АСПЕКТІВ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В ДОШКІЛЬНІЙ ПЕДАГОГІЦІ(60-ТІ РР. ХХ СТ.)

100%

Саяпіна С.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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nr 2(46)

167-175

EN

The development of pre-school education and national preschool pedagogy in the 60th of the 20th century was characterized by the search for more perfect forms and meanings. There were difficulties, but scientific pedagogy, pedagogical practices departed from authoritarianism. The researchers and advanced educators sought to update the educational technologies. Several studies of this period deal with moral development of children of primary school age. For example, T. Markova, R. Zhukovs’ka showed how the moral development of young children was held under the influence of their communication with children of senior preschool age. The researchers emphasized that moral education of young children was outlined the definite sequence. In the studies published in the collection of scientific papers «Formation of Collective Relations of Senior Preschool Children» there were considered the basic theoretical aspects of the problem. The authors aimed to reveal the specifics of the emergence and strengthening of the relations of preschool children. In the quality of the basic research methods there were used the observations and further analysis of the relationships of children. Along with each researcher there were created the experimental conditions in which children could more fully demonstrate their integrity. It was determined that the main objective of the research was the formation of positive moral relations between children. However, the approaches to its solution each researcher had his own. For example, V. Nechayeva made the emphasis on the mastering by children the development of the rules of conduct and the use of these rules in various independent activities. H. Hodina in accordance with the peculiarities of the problem found the special methodological approach that ensured the creation of the optimal conditions for the exercise of children’s independence. The methods used by L. Penyevs’ka allowed most closely to watch the displacements in the individual development of a child, in the nature of its assessments, where there was most clearly seen the moral orientation of a child as a member of the children’s emerging team. Historiographical analysis of the problems of moral education of preschool children has showed that there has not been conducted the holistic study of these issues. Each scholar’s approaches to the problem solving were different. It is determined that in the researches there is given the description of children’s relationship till the beginning of the research work, then there is traced the development and strengthening of the positive relationships between children, the beginning of the collective relationships during the conducting and completion of the forming experiment. There have been widely used in comparing the individual stages of moral development of children.

8

Performans parateatralny w pracy z dzieckiem 5-6letnim – implikacje praktyczne

75%

Chowaniak J.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

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2013

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tom 9

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nr 1(20)

EN

This article deals with the theme of paratheatrical performance art used in working with children. It touches on the problem of creative work using a literary text with children. It describes examples of performance-related actions motivated by lyrical compositions. Children interpret the text through the prism of their own experiences, based on their individual way of seeing and experiencing the world. These activities allow the child free creative expression, thus excluding schematic and algorithmic approach.

9

Praktyczna perspektywa integralnej wizji edukacji przedszkolnej.

63%

Marszałek L.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2014

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nr 2

81-91

PL

Znaczącym wyzwaniem dla współczesnej pedagogiki przedszkolnej jest konieczność integralnej edukacji, przyjętej za przewodnią ideę wszelkich oddziaływań pedagogicznych. Wyzwanie to nie jest nowością zarówno dla przedszkolnej pedagogiki, jak i pedagogii – obie bowiem w swej najgłębszej istocie wyrastają z idei integralności i ideę tę realizują w różnorodnych formach i zakresach. Integralny charakter pedagogiki przedszkolnej w jej podstawowych założeniach implikuje tożsame odniesienia w obrębie przedszkolnej pedagogii, znajdując odzwierciedlenie w całej działalności przedszkola. Treści edukacji zakładają oprócz dostarczania dzieciom wiedzy o świecie i rozwijania ich sprawności intelektualnej również kształtowanie sprawności fizycznej i postaw prozdrowotnych, budzenie postaw prospołecznych zarówno w odniesieniu do rodziny, wspólnoty, jak też szerszych grup społecznych, wprowadzanie w świat wartości estetycznych, kształtowanie sfery emocjonalnej i kompetencji moralnych. Integracja treści edukacji opiera się więc o zasadę wielostronności, dbałości o właściwe relacje składników treści oraz doboru tychże treści z różnych dziedzin wychowania. Analiza współczesnej problematyki integralności człowieka dowodzi jednak, że w obszarach pedagogiki i pedagogii przedszkolnej pomija się niezwykle istotny wymiar człowieka – jego wymiar duchowy. Prezentowany artykuł stanowi próbę praktycznych odniesień do współczesnej pedagogii przedszkolnej w aspekcie stymulowania duchowego rozwoju dziecka jako sfery życiowej przestrzeni, pozwalającej mu na realizowanie własnego człowieczeństwa.

EN

The necessity of integral education, accepted as a leading idea for all pedagogical interactions, is an important challenge for modern preschool education. This challenge is not new both for preschool education and pedagogy which have their deepest origins in the idea of integrity and realise it in different forms and scopes. An integral character of preschool education, based on its main assumptions, implies similar references to preschool pedagogy, as reflected in the entire activity of kindergartens. Education contents assumes that, besides coming to knowledge on the world and developing their intellectual skills, children also work on their physical abilities and health-oriented attitudes, learn some prosocial behaviours with reference to family, community and bigger social groups, they are acquainted with the world of aesthetic values and shape their emotional and moral competences. Thus, integration of education contents is based on the rule of variability, care for proper relations of the contents and their selection from different educational fields. However, an analysis of the issues related to the modern human integrity proves that we often forget about a very important dimension – the spiritual one – in the fields of preschool pedagogy and education. The presented article is an effort to make practical references to modern preschool education in the aspect of stimulation of children’s spiritual development as the part of their life space which allows them to realise their own humanity.

10

Kształcenie kompetencji medialnych u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Edukacja medialna w Niepublicznym Naukowym Przedszkolu Integracyjnym Mini College w Kielcach

63%

Brzyszcz E.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2017

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nr 3

151-159

PL

W artykule poruszono kwestię kształcenia kompetencji medialnych u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Przedstawiono ten aspekt w ujęciu teoretycznym oraz praktycznym na przykładzie programu „Przedszkolak w świecie mediów” – realizowanego w Niepublicznym Naukowym Przedszkolu Integracyjnym Mini College w Kielcach. Jest to jeden ze sposobów edukacji medialnej, która w przekonaniu dyrekcji wspomnianego przedszkola, kadry pedagogicznej oraz rodziców przedszkolaków, jest konieczna w XXI w. Współcześnie dzieci są odbiorcami mediów od najmłodszych lat. Często radzą sobie również z obsługą urządzeń technologicznych. Mimo to kompetencje instrumentalne nie wystarczą, gdyż zewsząd napływają do nich różnego typu przekazy medialne. W związku z tym edukację medialną należy wprowadzać od etapu przedszkolnego. Dzieci powinny zdawać sobie sprawę zarówno z korzyści, jak i zagrożeń płynących z mediów. Zadaniem nauczyciela jest dać im wskazówki do odbioru mediów, by racjonalnie z nich korzystały, czerpiąc z tego zarówno zabawę, jak i wiedzę.

EN

The article deals with the training of media competence in children of preschool age. We present this aspect in terms of theoretical and practical on the example of the program – “Preschool in the media world” – realized in Non-Public Scientific Integration Nursery Mini College in Kielce. This is one of the ways of media education, which, in the management of the said kindergarten, teaching staff and parents of preschoolers, is necessary in the twenty-first century. Today children are the recipients of the media from an early age. Often they cope well with the support of technology. Despite this, the competence of instrumental not enough, because everywhere are coming to these different types of media messages. Therefore media education should be introduced from kindergarten to accompany children in the media world. Children should be aware of both the benefits and risks of the media. The teacher’s task is to give them directions to the reception of the media to reasonably benefit from them, drawing from both the fun, as well as knowledge.

11

АНАЛІЗ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ У СИСТЕМІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

63%

Кулик Н.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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nr 6(50)

10-17

EN

A variety of innovative approaches in the system of preschool children physical education that may be used with children of preschool age are given in the article. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature on the designated topic, it was determined that the use of different innovative approaches in the system of preschool children physical education has a positive effect on physical development and physical fitness of children. Preschool children’s physical education is the educational process in which physical exercises are the main form of children’s physical education. Due to the analysis of literary sources it is shown that the result of pedagogical innovations depends not only on their internal capacity, but is largely determined by the teacher’s personal qualities, his pedagogical skills, in other words the teacher’s readiness to the innovative activity. One of the main objectives of preschool education is to create favorable conditions for children’s harmonious physical development for the purpose of increasing resistance to infections, as well as for the purpose of gradual and systematic hardening. A complete solution of health and educational tasks promotes the integrated use of both traditional and non-traditional organizational forms and methods of physical education. According to the research, the innovative technologies, alternative author’s programs with non-traditional approaches to physical education are not used in practice of preschool educational establishments of Ukraine. Physical culture classes and sports harden the child and stimulate his emotional sphere. The development of interest in motion is based on the child’s nutritional needs to be strong, brave, clever. Motor activity in physical education prepares the child for employment. During different physical education activities the discipline, the desire to succeed, perseverance are brought up in preschool children. Successful motor activity in peer group, positive evaluation of the efforts of the older child, self-awareness, quality of exercise, the joy of participation in active games – all these contribute to the development of emotional-sensual sphere. The analysis of literary sources showed that the use of a variety of innovative approaches in the system of physical education positively influence the level of preschool children physical development and physical preparedness.

12

Funkcje wykonawcze a funkcjonowanie dziecka w środowisku przedszkolnym i szkolnym

51%

Brzezińska A. I. , Nowotnik A.

Edukacja

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2012

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nr 1(117)

61-74

PL

Funkcje wykonawcze, jako konstrukt złożony i wielowymiarowy, pełnią doniosłą rolę w procesach samoregulacyjnych jednostki. Zdolność kierowania własnymi myślami i zachowaniem w sposób świadomy, celowy i zaplanowany to czynnik istotny z punktu widzenia gotowości szkolnej dziecka. Istnieją dane, które wskazują, iż poziom funkcji wykonawczych jest silniejszym predyktorem osiągnięć szkolnych aniżeli poziom inteligencji. Rozwój funkcji wykonawczych uwarunkowany jest zarówno biologicznie, jak i środowiskowo. W obliczu trwającej w Polsce dyskusji dotyczącej obniżenia wieku szkolnego szczególnie istotne wydaje się zwrócenie uwagi na szkolne uwarunkowania rozwoju tychże procesów. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie problematyki rozwoju funkcji wykonawczych i ich znaczenia dla funkcjonowania w środowisku przedszkolnym i szkolnym z uwzględnieniem zarówno kontekstu poznawczego, jak i społeczno-emocjonalnego.

EN

Executive function as a complex and multidimensional construct plays an important role in self-regulation. Ability to manage thoughts and behaviour in a conscious, purposeful and planned way is a critical factor in terms of school readiness. There are data indicating that level of executive functions is a stronger predictor of school achievement than level of intelligence. The development of executive function is conditioned both biologically and environmentally. It is, therefore, particularly important to consider educational requirements regarding the development of these processes. This is timely considering the present debate about lowering school entry age in Poland. Issues concerning development of executive function and their importance in preschool and school environment are presented, accounting for both the cognitive and socio-emotional context.

13

TRUDNOŚCI W ADAPTACJI SPOŁECZNEJ DZIECKA W PRZEDSZKOLU: BADANIE CZYNNIKÓW

51%

GERSAMIA I. , IMEDADZE N.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2015

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nr 2

253-263

PL

W artykule zanalizowano problem adaptacji społecznej dzieci w okresie przedszkolnym. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań udało się wskazać trudności etapu adaptacyjnego, w szczególności związane z wysokim poziomem lęku oraz specyfiką relacji międzyludzkich. Poziom lęku jako czynnik nabyty przekłada się na takie zjawiska, jak: duża wrażliwość na sytuacje, w których zaangażowane są emocje, nieświadoma niepewność w zakresie własnych umiejętności, pragnienie, żby podtrzymać znaną sobie pozycję, która współgra z wizją swojej osoby, a także ostre reakcje emocjonalne w sytuacjach, gdy tej wizji grozi zmiana. W tekście przedstawiono możliwe sposoby radzenia sobie z tymi zjawiskami. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na specjalnie wyselekcjonowane gry motoryczne, które nie tylko pozwalają dzieciom się zintegrować i pozbyć poczucia izolacji, lecz także złagodzić stres towarzyszący adaptacji do środowiska przedszkolnego.

EN

The article will discuss the problem of social adaptation of children to nursery school. Based on the conducted surveys, difficulties of the adaptation period were identified, in particular, as caused by a high level of anxiety and the specifics of interpersonal relationships. A high level of anxiety, as the acquired property of an individual, implies such things as high sensitivity to emotional situations, unconscious uncertainty in one’s abilities, the desire to preserve a familiar position that satisfies the individual’s attitude towards itself, and the occurrence of acute emotional reactions when a familiar position is threatened to change. The ways of coping with them are provided herein. Particular attention has been given to specially selected active motor games that contribute to not only uniting children and overcoming isolation, but also to relieving stress in children, which may arise in the process of children’s adaptation to kindergarten.

14

Teoria społecznego uczenia się a wychowanie dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym

51%

Płaczkiewicz B.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

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2016

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tom 4

129 -137

EN

The theory of social learning authored by Bandura takes a recognized place on psychological grounds. In accordance with fundamental assumptions, one of the mechanisms of acquiring behaviours is learning through observation and imitation. The person who serves as a model must be characterized by certain traits perceived by the recipient, such as high social status or competencies. In various periods of life and development, people are more or less prone to patterning. Children are especially the group whose new behaviours appear naturally as a result of learning through observation. Children have a narrow area of experiences and that is why in their verbal and non-verbal behaviours they tend to imitate people from their closest environment, especially parents, teachers, peers, characters in the books, TV programs and people popular on the internet. Some of the acquired reactions have positive nature, but others may be socially and individually unfavourable. Tendencies towards modelling grow when the model receives positive consequences of particular behaviour. The assumptions of social learning theory may be applied in psychological and pedagogical practice. It allows explaining certain observed child’s behaviour. On the basis of correct diagnosis, adequate supportive and remedial actions may be designer

PL

Teoria społecznego uczenia się autorstwa Bandury zajmuje uznane już miejsce na gruncie psychologicznym. Zgodnie z podstawowymi założeniami, jednym z mechanizmów nabywania zachowań jest uczenie się poprzez obserwację i naśladownictwo. Osoba pełniąca funkcję modela musi odznaczać się pewnymi właściwościami w percepcji odbiorcy, jak wysoki status czy kompetencje. W różnych okresach życia i rozwoju ludzie są mniej lub bardziej podatni na modelowanie. Szczególnie dzieci stanowią grupę, u której w sposób wręcz naturalny pojawiają się nowe zachowania jako efekt obserwacyjnego uczenia się. Dzieci mają wąski zakres doświadczeń, stąd w sposobie zachowania werbalnego i niewerbalnego mogą naśladować osoby z najbliższego otoczenia- w szczególności rodziców, ale także nauczycieli, rówieśników, bohaterów bajek, programów telewizyjnych czy osób popularnych w Internecie. Niektóre z tych nabywanych reakcji mają charakter pozytywny, inne zaś są niekorzystne z punktu widzenia jednostkowego i społecznego. Tendencja do modelowania wzrasta w sytuacji obserwacji pozytywnych konsekwencji określonego zachowania dla modela. Założenia teorii społecznego uczenia się można wykorzystać w praktyce psychologiczno-pedagogicznej. Pozwala ona wyjaśniać mechanizmy niektórych zachowań obserwowanych u dziecka. Na podstawie właściwej diagnozy można z kolei zaprojektować odpowiednie działania wspierające albo zaradcze