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2 Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

2 2016

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ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ПІД ЧАС ПІДСУМКОВОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ

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Калиниченко І.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

2016

nr 3(57)

163-172

At the stage of professional training the future specialist in the fields of education, physical education, sport and art become especially important key areas of the national education policy formation of health-saving, the greening education and improving education valeological culture. Using of the term «the final activity in extreme conditions» was justified in the article. The aspects of psychophysiological state before the concert and prelaunch state from the positions of health-saving were reviewed. The object of the study was the phenomenon of prelaunch excitement in his the basic characteristics. The typical features of scenic and prelaunch excitement and disclose the physiological mechanisms of nascence of generalized nature of prelaunch states as adaptive reactions in response to changes in emotional state were defined. We assume that the resulting activity is the implemented in a short period of time and provides the ultimate, concentrated result of certain activity which was preparing for a long time. Given the specificity of adversarial and live performances, they can be regarded as extreme conditions, that is, requiring maximum exertion of physiological and mental functions wich going beyond the limits of the physiological norm. The state of «excitement-rise» before the concert, as well as combat readiness in sports, providing the best mental attitude and functional training musicians and athletes to the work. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature allows to generalize information on the psychophysiological aspects of functional states in final professional work in extreme conditions, such as state before the concert and prelaunch condition in music and performing activities and sports. Prospects for further research are in the scientific substantiation of preventive measures to prevent psychosomatic diseases and scientific research in the field of of mental hygiene of professions with significant intensity of working process.

ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНА «ЦІНА» ПІДСУМКОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ УМОВАХ КОНЦЕРТНОГО ВИСТУПУ ТА СПОРТИВНОГО ЗМАГАННЯ

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Заікіна Г.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

2016

nr 3(57)

149-157

The article deals with the problem of psychophysiological costs of organism of the musicians and athletes in the pre-concert and prelaunch period. The pre-concert stages and precompetitive activity of the athletes and musicians refer to the extreme situations, because they require not only to maximize the impact of mental and physical strength, but also accompanied by significant psychophysiological costs. In scientific circles the physiological costs of the human body and its degree of stress during various activity is called psychophysiological «cost»). 53% of the students-musicians set a very high level of PFTS, which indicates stress, excessive excitement and exhaustion that in the future may provoke various syndromes and as such a state of burnout. The musicians that were under very high PFTS require special psychological preparation and collection of the pre-concert period and recovery exercises after the concert. 41% of athletes in general prelaunch condition are characterized by a very high activity PFTS confirming excessive stress of the body during such emergencies. Depending on the size of such «price» we can talk about an optimal or non-optimal ratio between the load and functionally redundant capabilities of the human body's internal resources which are exhausted to achieve the desired result. Therefore, the definition of a «price» is the final activity of the students-athletes and students-musicians and it is an important prognostic criterion for assessing their performance. Data results of psychophysiological examination of the students by a mathematical model allowed to obtain a quantitative expression of a «price». The predominance of a very high level of psychophysiological «price», the leading factors in which the musicians are emotional and individually-typological components, while the leading factors increase the «price» of prelaunch activity of the athletes are motor and emotional components as well as the voltage of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems. Performing the activity of the musicians and competitive activity of the athletes is an extremely difficult, tense and yet responsible process. In preparation for the visit, a performer, a participant spends an enormous amount of energy, both physical and emotional. It is therefore necessary to learn how to determine their individual weaknesses and to choose the most useful and productive methods of psychophysiological preparation for the performance, the development of which is the prospect of further research.