Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Structural and Functional Bases of Formational, Institutional and Procedural Mechanism Using Power Resources of Stalin’s Totalitarian Regime in Western Ukraine at the Final Stage of the Second World War

100%

DOKASH O. Y.

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nr 12(19)

23-32

EN

The presented scientific, theoretical and practical aspects of the topic are considered an important prerequisite for understanding the causes and results of the mass use of the deportation repressive tool in the intensive consolidation of Stalin’s totalitarian regime in “class hostile environment” and the consequences of such a policy for the western region development, particularly at modern stage, including the Ukrainian political nation-building and the independent Ukrainian state, which is now experiencing challenges and threats that are rooted in the totalitarian past. Stalinism, as a particular political regime, was established in the western regions of Ukraine at the final stages of World War II and can be defined as a kind of left extremist totalitarianism. The main components of the efficiency of the Stalinist totalitarian regime based on the mass use of political violence and terror through the branched structure of repressive secret police. Functions of the NKVS, NKVD, prosecutors, and courts followed the strategic objectives of Stalin’s totalitarian regime in a hostile social and national environment in Western Ukraine in the complex military and political conditions of the final phase of World War II. Effective and timely implementation of policy priorities of Stalinism in the region allowed to create an appropriate institutional and procedural system, which was based on the large-scale use of political violence and employed such characteristic tools as terror, repression, deportation.

2

Political violence as a prerequisite for a plebiscite in the Danube region: Western Hungary – Burgenland after World War I

100%

Murber I. , Murber I.

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2020

3

Strategies of Islamist Extremism in Europe

100%

Mares M.

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2015

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tom 17

109-118

EN

This paper explains various strategies of contemporary Islamists extremism in Europe. The author identifies the most important variants of Islamist extremism and deals with their goals and with strategic approaches how to achieve these goals. Quasi-legalist strategies as well as violent forms of interest-empowerment are described. The author uses sources from various Islamist organizations and analyses these materials within the framework of modern insurgency. A comprehensive outlook and threat assessment of Islamist extremist strategies are included in this article.

4

Paramilitarne struktury i działalność spiskowo-bojowa polskiej prawicy 1918–1933

86%

Tomasiewicz J.

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nr 2

67-86

PL

Życie polityczne w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego nacechowane było przemocą. Polska prawica (zarówno nacjonalistyczna jak konserwatywna) była jednym z aktorów tej przemocy, lecz początkowo nie odgrywała w niej wiodącej roli. Pomimo pewnej fascynacji faszyzmem polscy prawicowcy w latach 20. nie byli gotowi do systematycznego stosowania przemocy. Punktem zwrotnym był przewrót 1926 r. Nowopowstały Obóz Wielkiej Polski posiada paramilitarną strukturę, a jego młodzieżowe skrzydło szkoliło się do walki. Ta ewolucja w kierunku przemocy politycznej została przerwana delegalizacją OWP w 1933 r.

EN

The political life in the Second Republic was very violent and volatile. The Polish political right (both conservative and nationalist) was one of actors of the violence theatre but initially its role was not principal. Despite certain fascination with fascism, Polish rightists of the 20s were not ready for the systematic use of violence. The turning point was the coup d’etat of the 1926. The newly created Obóz Wielkiej Polski (Greater Poland Camp) had a paramilitary structure and its youth wing were trained into violence. This violent evolution was stopped by banning of the OWP in 1933.

5

PEACE STUDIES: BASICS AND ISSUES

86%

Spiegel E.

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tom 42

21-33

EN

Although questions of peace are diff erent in context, for specific questions today, we need a science of peace in a universal sense. It is true that sometimes talking about peace is too unspecifi ed and therefore too general. The term peace in its common sense has passed its peak. Instead of talking about peace we prefer talking much more concretely and bindingly for example about (racism and) intercultural learning, (violence in family and) nonviolent education, (exploitation and) fair economic structures, (war and) nonviolent confl ict transformation, (patriarchalism and) gender awareness, (ecological destruction and) animal protection. Developments of differentiation are positive. We can meet questions of peace on different levels of living together and in diff erent parts of our life and therefore in a lot of terms describe special problem areas. Anyway we have to reflect on the universal dimensions as well as the principles of peace. Using the term makes sense furthermore.

6

Paramilitarne struktury i działalność spiskowo-bojowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej 1918–1928

72%

Tomasiewicz, J. , Grudka P.

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nr 2

91-110

PL

Polska Partia Socjalistyczna miała silne tradycje działalności paramilitarnej, sięgające 1904 r. Socjalistyczne formacje bojowe – Pogotowie Bojowe i Milicja Ludowa – odegrały istotną rolę walkach o niepodległość i granice. W późniejszym okresie partyjna milicja służyła do walki zarówno z prawicą (m.in. w czasie przewrotu majowego 1926 r.) jak i z komunistami. Milicja w Warszawie stopniowo uniezależniała się od partii i angażowała w działania kryminalne. Ostatecznie doprowadziło to do rozłamu w 1928 r. i utworzenia PPS – dawnej Frakcji Rewolucyjnej.

EN

The Polish Socialist Party (PPS) had a long and strong tradition of paramilitary activity since 1904. Socialist armed formations – the Fighting Emergency Squad and the Peoples’ Militia – were very active during the struggle for Independence and – afterwards – frontiers of the Second Republic of Poland 1917–21. In later period militia of the PPS fought both against rightists (especially in Józef Piłsudski’s coup d’état in 1926) and communists. The Warsaw branch of militia gradually became independent from the Party’s leadership and engaged in criminal activity. Finally militiamen split up and created so-called Former Revolutionary Fraction of PPS in 1928.

7

Meandry przemocy politycznej: w poszukiwaniu definicji zabójstwa politycznego

72%

mider d.

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nr 2

202-219

EN

The article analyses the concept of political assassination – its genesis and present understanding in the subject literature. The premise for undertaking such efforts is the fact that this concept is blurred and stigmatised with negative moral assessment. Based on the analysis of the subject literature and case studies an own definition was constructed that regulates and designs the concept of political assassination.

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę pojęcia zabójstwa politycznego (assassination) – jego genezy oraz obecnego rozumienia w literaturze przedmiotu. Przesłanką podjęcia tych zabiegów jest fakt nieostrości tego pojęcia oraz jego naznaczenia negatywnym wartościowaniem moralnym. Na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu oraz studiów przypadków skonstruowano autorską definicję regulująco - projektującą pojęcia zabójstwa politycznego.

8

Dialéctica víctima-perpetrador como causación de la novela Con sangre de hermanos

58%

Nani D. F.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2021

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nr 27

133-157

EN

This paper deals with the novel Con sangre de hermanos. It demonstrates how the characters firstly become deeply affected by Somoza’s National Guard repression. Then they cope with those traumas and dissociations in an unethical way: killing and persecuting opposition members. Moreover, Sandinistas look able to be in the “grey area” and to sacrifice themselves for the leftist party. It ends up with an FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front) strengthened by the crimes and betrayals to its own members. It concludes that this book has been structured as a perpetrator novel.

ES

Este escrito trata acerca de la novela Con sangre de hermanos. Demuestra cómo los personajes primero son profundamente afectados por la represión de la Guardia Nacional somocista. Luego ellos afrontan los traumas y las disociaciones de una forma no ética: asesinando y persiguiendo a los miembros de la oposición. Más aun, los sandinistas parecen anuentes a ser “zonas grises” y a sacrificarse a sí mismos por el partido izquierdista. Culmina el escrito con un FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) alimentado por los crímenes y las traiciones contra sus propios miembros. En conclusión, tenemos que el libro se estructura como una novela de perpetradores.