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EN
This study is an attempt to present the dramatic works of Jan Kasprowicz, which for a long time have remained in the shadow of his great poetic oeuvre. What he wrote for the stage, though an inherent part of a lot of academic research, still needs comprehensive examination. The Midsummer Eve Night’s Tale is not among the artist’s most highly estimated achievements. He was commissioned to write it as a theatre prologue, which gave it the mark of an occasional piece, not too good for the reception of the work. It inaugurated the activity of the City Theatre in Lvov on 4 October 1900. Kasprowicz, using a recognizable code of signs, created a poetic show based on the “theatre within theatre” convention. At the same time he tried to include in it his own drama and theatre concepts, outlining the anthropological horizon of his theatre. They resound with allusions in the multi-layer coalescence of fairy-tale symbols, Slavic mythology and literary references pulsating in the space of modernist oneirism. By using folk sources and many motifs from masterpieces of world drama (Greek tragedians, Shakespeare, Goethe, Słowacki, Hauptmann and others) the poet takes up fundamental existential themes which make up a poetic synthesis of the condition of man and the world.
EN
The outstanding Belarusian poet, novelist and playwright, Uladzimir Karatkiewicz (1930-1984) was a great enthusiast of Polish history, culture and literature. Proposed for readers’ consideration is the article, which includes confessions of this Belarusian artist that he shared with me during the many meetings in Belarus and Poland. The Belarusian writer placed Polish and Belarusian realities side by side with enormous openness and honesty. Karatkiewicz did not hide his recognition, and even admiration of attitude, of such Polish folklorists as Jan Czeczot, Jan Barszczewski, Aleksander Rypiński, Oskar Kolberg, Kazimierz Moszyński, Zygmunt Gloger, Czeslaw Pietkiewicz and Michal Federowski, who devoted many years of their lives to the collection and analysis of Belarusian folklore. Karatkiewicz strongly wished that Belarusians became similar to Poles in their attachment to their own history, language, and took from them their consistent quest for sovereignty and independence of their own country.
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Content available remote On poetic types or on more?:
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EN
Otakar Zich's On Poetic Types (1917–1918) represents not only an early contribution of his to the field of art theory in general and poetics in particular, but it also embodies important evidence documenting the process of the development of the author's theoretical views and interests. As such, the concrete ideas present in the study more or less directly correlate with Zich's later contributions to the fields of theatre and drama studies as well as semiotics and aesthetics. The ideas in On Poetic Types, however, also mirror the wider theoretical and methodological context of a particular period and stage of research. As such, Zich's suggestions can also be compared to ongoing and further developments within his fields of interest.
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PL
W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono analizę inskrypcji potwierdzających udział poetów w ramach konkursu poetyckiego. Pozyskane dane będą analizowane w kontekście istniejących stosunków i zależności kulturowych między Ludi i certamina, a następnie także w kontekście Certamen Capitolinum. Była to konkurencja, która w efekcie doprowadziła do utworzenia regularnych certamina poetarum. Ostatecznym celem jest pokazanie, że poeci postrzegali udział w Certamen za wielki zaszczyt, ponieważ ten udział dawał możliwość publicznego eksponowania swoich poetyckich umiejętności.
EN
The main subject of the review is Mykola Ilnytskyi’s book Reading and Re-reading…, which is very important research on Ukrainian literature in contemporary humanities. The book includes four chapters in all of which fundamental interests of the researcher are described. Mykola Ilnytskyi reviews the classic texts of Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko ( chapter 1 ), and the literature of the first part of the 20th century ( chapter 2 ), as well as contemporary texts ( chapters 3, 4 ). This book is not an extensive view of the history of literature of the 20th century. Its main peculiarity is the delivery of important fragments and episodes of literary history. The essays combine a liberal understanding of the subject and an unobtrusive interpretation of the texts, which reflects the unique ethical culture of the researcher. Mykola Ilnytskyi is clearly aware of the multiplicity of meanings offered byfiction, and therefore does not insist on his own right to the truth, but only offers well-founded and personally verified versions of literary plots.
EN
There are analysed in the article writings of the Ukrainian poet Borys Necherda (1939-1998). He was the original writer of the generation of 1960th and made brave experiments with the artistic word. Necherda as an author balanced between the official literature and the literature of the underground. There are a lot of unconventional features in his poems such as colloquial vocabulary, elements of slang, journalism, mixing of discourses and various means of rhetoric. That was a reason that Necherda’s writings were not appreciated during his life. Only nowadays after the poet’s death we have the possibility to re-read it from new points of view. This writings evidence a process of vanguard experimenting. In an original way they present a local peculiarity of a place: the poet become the voice of the „Odessa beaumond”, choosing masks for his lyrical subject.
EN
The paper, which was created on the basis of available sources, constitutes reconstruction of the Michał Lengowski's biography - the first post-war chairman of the Polish Writers Union in Olsztyn. The author recalls the motions of life of this forgotten patriot, community worker, who come from the simple peoples of Warmia and did his best using all possible means to maintain Polish national identity among citizens of the East Prussia before the World War II. The author points at Lengowski's beginnings of the poetical works, whose first poems may be considered in the category of the functional literature. The author writes also about Lengowski's cooperation with the editorial office of the "Gazeta Olsztyńska".
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Wacław Oszajca is a Polish Jesuit, journalist, poet and publicist. His work is mainly focused around Christianity related matters. A Jesuit uses the category of the sacred as a synonym for what is saint. It defines the sacred as a force that puts together the chaos of everyday life, it is the Absolute, thanks to which we can reach faith in the infinity of the world. Oszajca tries to provoke the reader into thinking about the presence of the sacred in his life and shows that the division into the sacred and the profane should be removed. His work is a proof of adoration of everyday life and faith in a merciful but righteous God. When writing, he often uses contrasts and paradoxes, but above all his poetry is full of humor and joy.
EN
The article analyzes the receptive strategies of the Polish researchers in the process of V. Stus's poetic heritage interpreting and its introducing into the Polish cultural space. The common / different dominant models of the perception of the poet's work in the native national culture and outside of Ukraine have been also defined.
PL
W artykule zostały przeanalizowane receptywne strategie polskich badaczy w interpretacji poetyckiej spuścizny W. Stusa oraz jej wprowadzenia do polskiej przestrzeni kulturowej. Określono także wspólne / odmienne modele dominujące w odbiorze twórczości poety w rodzimej kulturze narodowej i poza granicami Ukrainy.
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Content available Czy są nam potrzebni „marni” poeci?
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EN
The paper contains reflections on the historical circumstances of the evaluation of artistic work, which guarantee immortality to one author, and condemn others to oblivion. The author takes into account the popularity of poetry which is not of the highest quality, and which is present in mass culture. Poems by less known, mediocre poets appear as lyrics of national or religious songs .  Examples of the 19th and 20th century literature have been provided, including works of Michał Bałucki, Jan Czeczot, Maria Konopnicka, Franciszek Karpiński, Teofil Lenartowicz, Władysław Syrokomla, Stefan Witwicki and others.  The study emphasizes the unconsciousness of readers and users as to the authorship, circumstances of the creation, as well as the original purpose of the texts that are read and sung to this day. As a result of the analysis, it turns out that popular culture can store valuable content and is an important reservoir of national culture.
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Content available Sylwia Borowska – zapomniana nauczycielka
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EN
The above paper is dedicated to Sylwia Borowska who was the distinctive teacher, writer and poet of the 20th century. She was deeply religious patriot who devoted her life to education, according to the spirit of loyalty, sensibility and anxiety for the future of her country. In addition she opposed intolerance and social divisions. She left significant literary output, although now completely forgotten and underestimated. She has a place in Polish literature in the years 1918-1939.
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Content available Sacrum w twórczości Janusza Szubera
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PL
Janusz Szuber przez niektórych uważany był za poetę lokalnego, jednak obecnie wiadomo, że wpisuje się w kanon pisarzy zaliczanych do wybitnych twórców polskiej literatury współczesnej. Tworzył poezję w taki sposób, że czytelnik mógł nie tylko poznać rzeczywistość, w której przyszło żyć autorowi, ale także był wprowadzany w świat filozofii, głębokiego intelektualizmu czy wirtuozerii języka. Sacrum w twórczości Szubera to przede wszystkim życie, to czas, jaki został mu dany, oraz otoczenie, w którym się znajdował. Autor, dotknięty chorobą, nie żalił się na swój los, wręcz przeciwnie, doceniał to doświadczenie, gdyż dzięki niemu mógł dogłębniej zastanawiać się nad kondycją człowieka w świecie. Jego poezja, pozbawiona moralizatorstwa, jest niezwykła, ponieważ wskazuje, jak należy patrzeć na własne istnienie, aby być szczęśliwym człowiekiem.
EN
Janusz Szuber was considered by some to be a local poet, but it is now known that he is part of the canon of writers belonging to outstanding authors of contemporary Polish literature. He created poetry in such a way that the reader could not only get to know the reality in which the author lived, but also was introduced to a world full of the spirit of philosophy, deep intellectualism and language virtuosity. The sacral sphere in Szuber’s poetry is, first of all, where life itself is found as the time that has been given to him and the environment in which he lived. The author, although disease-stricken, does not complain about his fate; on the contrary, he appreciates this experience as it allows him to reflect more deeply on the condition of man in the world. His poetry, devoid of moralizing, is unusual because it shows how to look at one’s own existence in order to be a happy person.
EN
This article recalls the value of poetry by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, who is contemporarily analyzed mainly as a novelist. The author’s assumption is to present the dominant features of Kraszewski’s lyric, assuming that it is typical for the period of early Romanticism. The reference point is works of Polish romanticism precursor – Adam Mickiewicz. The study matches texts written by the representatives of the first and the second generation of Polish romantics, showing both common elements of poetic output and the significance of the Mickiewicz’s works in poetic achievements of one of the most remarkable novelist of the XIX century.
PL
Artykuł przypomina o walorach twórczości poetyckiej Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego, którego współcześnie analizuje się głównie jako powieściopisarza. Celem autorki jest wskazanie dominujących cech liryki Kraszewskiego przy założeniu, że jest ona typowa dla okresu wczesnego romantyzmu. Punktem odniesienia są utwory prekursora polskiego romantyzmu – Adama Mickiewicza. Szkic zestawia teksty przedstawicieli pierwszego i drugiego pokolenia romantyków, wykazując elementy wspólne dla ówczesnej twórczości poetyckiej, a także wskazuje znaczenie twórczości Mickiewicza w dorobku jednego z najwybitniejszych powieściopisarzy XIX wieku.
EN
This text is the presentation of Edward Stachura’s philosophy. It is not about literal philosophy, however, it concerns a system of values and views taken by the writer. The article is an attempt to read Stachura from a different side than as a poet, bard, and mediocre singer. It is a compilation of the writer’s various texts, but the leading one is a little-known work called Everything is poetry. The story-river (edited by H. Berezy, Z. Fedecki, K. Rutkowski, vol. 4, Warsaw 1984) Stachura transforms into almost a sage, into a philosopher who tries to create elementary definitions of the world, people, time and eternity. First of all, I analysed the conceptualisation of the phrase “everything is poetry” as well as attempting to explain what poetry is for the writer in general. The most important conclusion is that “everything is poetry and the least poetry is a poem; everyone is a poet and the least poet is a poet who writes poems”. Thus, he proves that he is not only an “extreme” creator, but one who seeks hope and gaps in describing and understanding the world. Ultimately, it is also a study of Stachura’s broadly understood optimism, underestimated in his work on a daily basis.
EN
The authoress describes the course of relocation of book collections gathered by writers to public library archives using the example of four such collections that made their way to the Pomeranian Library in Szczecin, whose previous owners were: Stefan Flukowski, Zbigniew Herbert, Ludmiła Marjańska and Andrzej Kuśniewicz. The intent of the writers or their heirs was finding a proper place for each particular collection in order to ensure its preservation and further use. The librarians responsible for establishing public collections hoped that the books would be accompanied by manuscripts, personal mail or other keepsakes; or, should that not be the case − that they would bear dedications, autographs, handwritten notes or other signs of the writers’ use. The author analyses the contents of these four donations with regard to the aspects mentioned above.
EN
This article presents a short biography of Marian Jachimowicz (1906–1999) and his archive. Marian Jachimowicz was trained in preparing zoological specimens. He was also a poet, a translator and a painter. He was a man of distinction and a talented writer. This article details the life of Jachimowicz, his childhood and professional life. It also discusses his important archive, which was divided between two institutions: Ossolineum in Wrocław and the „Biblioteka pod Atlantami” (Library under the Atlantids) in Wałbrzych. Jachimowicz was an expert in Polish and Hungarian literature. He lived in Budapest, Borysław and in Wałbrzych in Lower Silesia. His manuscript collection includes photographs, documents and letters, which are stored in the Ossolineum archive and the Wałbrzych Library permanent exhibition. He was honoured with several awards for his cultural achievements. The author describes important photographs of Marian Jachimowicz at the end of this article. He also draws attention to Jachimowicz’s friends: Bruno Schulz and Julian Przyboś.
RU
У артыкуле робiцца спроба наблiжэння да польскага чытача жыццёватворчага шляху выдатнага беларускага пiсьменнiка Уладзiмiра Караткевiча (1930–1984). Адзiн з вядучых творцаў беларускай лiтаратуры ХХ стагоддзя вядлмы ў Польшчы, на жаль, толькi вузкаму колу чытачоў. Мiж тым Уладзмiр Караткевiч быў адным з найвыдатнейшых пiсьменнiцкiх талентаў у гiсторыi свайго народа. Пiсьменнiк з шырокiм спектрам iнтарэсаў, найбольш вядомы як аўтар гiстарычных аповесцей, быў таксама дасканалыi драматургам, сцэнарыстам, лiтаратурным крытыкам, гiсторыкам, перакладчыкам, а таксама надзвычай таленавiтым паэтам. Па многiх гiстарычных i палiтычных прычынах са спазненнем на сто гадоў стаў Караткевiч для беларускай лiтаратуры тым, кiм былi i ёсць для палякаў Генрык Сянкевiч, Iгныцй крашэўскi, для чэхаў – Алоiз Iрасек цi для англiчан яшчэ ранейшы Вальтэр Скот. Так як Сянкевiч, Караткевiч стварыў i разбудаваў “да ўмацавання сэрцаў” беларускую гiстарычную повесць. Для лiтаратурнай дзейнасцi Караткевiча характэрны пошук непарыўных сувязей памiж мiнулым i сучаснасцю, што ўвiдавочылася ў паасобных творах глыбокiм усведамленнем гiстарычных працэсаў iстварэння на iх падставе мастацка-гiстарычнай хронiкi жыцця i лёсаў беларусаў. Сваёй паэзiяй i прозай Караткевiч iмкнуўся абудзiць нацыянальную i гiстарычную самасвядомасць беларусаў, паказаць крынiцы сваёй уласнай нацыянальнай тоеснасцi i ўзмацнiць у сваiх суайчыннiках пачуццё гонару за тое, што яны з’яўляюцца беларусамi.
EN
The article aims to present life and work of an outstanding Belarusian writer – Uladzimir Karatkievich (1930–1984). Although the writer is one of the most prominent creators of the Belarusian literature, he is not widely known in Poland. Moreover, only a few of his works have been translated into Polish. Uladzimir Karatkievich was one of the most talented writers in the history of his nation. First of all, he is known as an author of historical novels. He was also an excellent playwright, a literary critic, a historian, a translator and a talented poet. Due to many historical and political reasons he has become for Belarusian literature like Henryk Sienkiewicz or Ignacy Kraszewski for the Poles, Alois Jirasek for the Czechs or Walter Scott for the English. Karatkievich, like Sienkiewicz in the Polish literature, created and developed historical novel “to cheer up the hearts”. What is characteristic of his writing? It seeks inseparable bonds between the past and the present which can be found in deep understanding of historical processes and creating the artistic and historical chronicle of the Belarusians’ life and fate. Karatkievich tried to awaken historical and national consciousness of the Belarusians, he indicated the sources of their own national identity and made them proud to be Belarusian.
EN
The book by Radosław Okulicz-Kozaryna entitled Rok 1894 oraz inne szkice o Młodej Polsce [The year 1894 and other sketches on Young Poland] (Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM 2013) is analysed in this review as some sort of original synthesis of the epoch, which primarily focuses on the fuzzy turning points of Young Poland, in particular in regard to its beginnings. The sketch on the poetry by Aleksander Szczęsny, treated here as a “late grandson” of Cyprian Norwid, also included in this book, turned out to be important from the perspective of Norwid Studies. The quiet hero of almost all the stories about the Young Poland included here is Baudelaire. The book is written in the spirit of correlation between the arts – reflection on literature is intertwined with thoughts on painting of the epoch. The author evokes the aura of Young Poland’s “here and now”, he recreates the atmosphere of that artistic everyday life.
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