Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Katolicy w państwie liberalnego pluralizmu. Miesięcznik Znak wobec sekularyzacji (lata 1989-2000)

100%

Puczydłowki M.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

|

2018

|

tom 8

|

nr `1

27-40

PL

Catholics in the liberal pluralism state. Facing secularisation in the monthly Znak (1989–2000) The aim of this paper is to analyse the philosophical, sociological, politological, theological and press articles on the issue of secularisation that were published in the monthly Znak during 1989–2000. A definition of secularisation is employed that was coined by Charles Taylor in A secular age (Taylor, 2007). It is understood as the endurance of religion in a plural society. The paper delineates three stands that the Znak Catholics have taken when facing secularisation: (1) an open catholicity; (2) a liberal faith; and (3) an ambiguous one. (1) The first approach involves confronting one’s liberal, secular partners in public debates, with a focus on finding some of their points acceptable according to the Church doctrine. Nevertheless, it is burdened with the anxiety of losing one’s own identity. (2) The second approach emphasises some of the connections between liberal and Christian ideas. A particular meaning of liberty and authenticity in human existence is stressed. (3) In the third approach, although it does not admit to its malevolence, the liberal ideas are treated with sharp criticism. Liberalism is accused of limiting the role of religion in a plural society. In the conclusion to the paper, an attempt is made to present the current relations between liberalism and Christianity in Po‑ land. A deep recent transformation is revealed. It is believed that Znak will lose its function as a continuity sustainer in the next few years.

2

Relational Plurality as a Corrective to Liberal Atomistic Pluralism

88%

Antonini D.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

|

2020

|

tom 4

|

nr 3

65-75

EN

This essay argues for a concept of political identity that is fundamentally relational in nature contra more liberal accounts of identity that are atomistic. I consider John Rawls’ account of political identity in his Political Liberalism and provide a response stemming from Hannah Arendt’s account of political identity grounded in the existential condition of politics: human plurality. Using her concept of human plurality, I argue that political identity ought to be conceived as relationally individuated as opposed to atomistically so, meaning that our identities only emerge in and through appearing before other political actors and not prior to it. The larger upshot is that conceiving of political identity as relational provides a more fruitful concept of the citizen and might allow progress to be made regarding some of the more entrenched political problems in American political culture, especially polarization and partisanship.

3

National report on multicultural challenges in family law (Czech Republic)

88%

Hofmannová H. , Řepa K.

|

tom 8

|

nr 4

486-498

EN

The National Report on Multicultural Challenges in Family Law aims to provide an analysis of how multicultural phenomenon understood as a plurality of "ways of life" in society, based e.g. on cultural tradition, ethnic background, custom, religious conviction or sexual orientation, interact with family law. It served as a starting point for a comparative analysis of multicultural challenges in family law in the Civil Law Section of the 20th Congress of International Academy of Comparative Law (AIDC/IACL).

4

Towards Authentic African Higher Education based on African Epistemology

75%

Nicolaides A. , Steyn J.

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

116-128

EN

Aim. The purpose of this article is to challenge the notion that a largely Eurocentric education is the best one for African universities. It is not by any means suggested that Eurocentric notions should be discounted, but rather that African education should be devoid of any form of subordination and be allowed to assume its rightful equal place and space, in an interconnected global education arena alongside a range of epistemologies and ontologies. Methods. A literature review was conducted on the topic and the researchers surveyed scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to the area of research. The review conducted to a lesser or greater extent enumerates, describes, summarizes, issues relating to the theme. Results. Knowledge should be sought for its value to communities through individuals and it should perpetually produce sensible, empathetic, and responsible citizens. African education must inter alia reflect a multiplicity of perspectives and notions that are grounded on local knowledge. Conclusion. The existing form of Eurocentric university education in Africa certainly has defects when viewed Afro-centrically. Originality. Decades after the demise of colonialism [if it has in fact ended], African universities still embrace a Eurocentric epistemological paradigm and are for the most part consciously or unconsciously disparaging or ignoring Indigenous African knowledge systems. This is far from liberating, and it is argued in a novel way that what is required is a vigorous promotion of African scholarship which is infused with African values, philosophies and knowledge that can also be promoted to our erstwhile colonisers and others.

5

Hannah Arendt on the Relation Between Morality and Plurality

75%

Papaoikonomou G.

Dialogue and Universalism

|

2015

|

nr 2

79-91

EN

In this article, we examine, in the light of Arendt’s categories, the fundamental structure of traditional claims on moral life. In other words, we evaluate the spirit in which traditional morality relates to the human world, especially, to the human condi-tion of plurality. In this way, we shall be led to a perceptive reading of Arendt’s groundbreaking view on morality and its borderline possibility of assuming a paradoxi-cally significant role in the worldly affairs.

6

Discourse interpretation based on dynamic constraints

63%

Piasecki M.

Archives of Control Sciences

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 15, no. 3

403-414

EN

Our main objective will be to construct a fully compositional representation of nominal anaphora in discourse. The proposed representation is not dependent on the remote ascription (i.e. done outside the formal representation) of syntactic indexes, which identify anaphoric links. A formal language of variable free logic is introduced. It is based on dynamic semantics paradigm and is a variant of many-sorted type logic. We will also present the scope free treatment of quantification in multiple quantifier sentences. The interpretation of multiple quantifiers is defined by means of a construction of the polyadic Generalised Quantifier (GQ). The polyadic GQ is a constraint that should be satisfied by the denotation of a ?clausal? predicate.

7

The Spiritual Dimension of Education – Addressing Issues of Identity and Belonging

63%

de Souza M.

|

nr 1

125-138

EN

In a shrinking world where events across the globe become relevant for the lives of masses of people regardless of the distances that divide them, some serious issues have arisen which have particular significance for education policies and practice. Too many children are growing up against a backdrop of polarised views and attitudes which is a cause for concern in many countries where societies are characterized by racial, cultural and religious diversity. This article explores some critical concepts that are pertinent to contemporary Australia and uses research findings and content analysis to problematize the issue. It argues that there is clear evidence that the health and wellbeing of children and young people is being affected by exposure to prejudicial attitudes which can be linked to the diversity that has become a sustaining feature of many contemporary societies and it has had serious consequences for their identity and sense of belonging. It proposes that one way of addressing these issues is through education that addresses the relational dimension of students’ lives which is expressed through their connectedness to all others, that is, their spiritual natures. Finally, it identifies some features of such an educational system.

8

Kościół czy Kościoły?

51%

Derdziak L.

|

2016

|

tom 20

|

nr 2(43)

111-139

PL

Pan Jezus założył swój Kościół na fundamencie apostołów, a sam jest kamieniem węgielnym. Jednak wskutek podziałów dokonujących się w Jego Mistycznym Ciele pojawiło się wiele Kościołów oraz Wspólnot kościelnych. Odwołując się do pierwszych źródeł, jakimi są dokumenty soborów powszechnych Kościoła katolickiego, autorka niniejszego artykułu podejmuje próbę odnalezienia, w dzisiejszej złożonej sytuacji, Kościoła Chrystusowego. W swoich rozważaniach o Kościele autorka porusza kilka tematów. Najpierw przypomina źródło pojawienia się Kościoła, którym był odwieczny zamysł Boga Ojca, zrealizowany przez naszego Pana Jezusa Chrystusa wypełniającego Jego wolę. Kontynuację swojej misji Pan Jezus zlecił wybranym przez siebie apostołom. Odwołuje się do tradycji dogmatycznej, która zaświadcza o jedyności i katolickości Kościoła założonego przez Jezusa Chrystusa. Przypomina, że od początku katolickość była w tym Kościele, w którym apostoł Piotr został ustanowiony pierwszym spośród wybranych. Natomiast podziały w Mistycznym Ciele Chrystusa pojawiły się wskutek grzechu pychy. Te rany podziałów można zaleczyć jedynie poprzez poddanie się Duchowi Świętemu, który jest Duchem jednoczenia, którego tchnienie najbardziej uwidacznia się w Kościele katolickim, który szczerze szuka jedności w dialogu ekumenicznym z Kościołami odłączonymi. Ukazując jedność w wielości, autorka przypomina, iż Kościoły lokalne nie są niczym innym, jak tylko córkami Kościoła powszechnego, a ich łączność z następcą świętego Piotra poprzez biskupa miejsca zaświadcza o różnorodności w jedności.

EN

Jesus Christ built His Church up upon the foundation of the Apostles. And He is himself as the chief cornerstone. Still, in result of divisions made in His mystical body, there is a lot of Churches and Christian communities. The author of this statement tries to find the Christ’s Church in the complicated situation of today, analysing the first sources – the documents of the Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church. In statement author concentrates on a few questions. At the beginning she recalls the Source of Church, the eternal God’s concept. Fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who was obedient to his will. Jesus asked the apostles he’d chosen to continue his mission. Here we recall dogmatic tradition, which tells about the unity and Catholicism of the Chuch created by Jesus. She recollects that from the beginning there was Catholicism in Church, in which Apostle Peter was chosen to be the first among those chosen. Divisions in the Mystical Christ Body appeared as the result of pride. These wounds may be cured only by obedience to the Holy Spirit, who is the Spirit of unity, and whose impact is the most visible in the Catholic Church which sincerely searches for the unity in the ecumenical dialog with disconnected churches. Showing unity in plurality author recalls that local churches are the daughters of General Church, and their unity with the pope through local bishops and shows the variety in unity.

9

The Images of Time in the Epoch of Multiculturalism

51%

Nalivaika I.

|

nr 2

131-138

EN

The article is devoted to the comprehension of the connection between the idea and practice of multiculturalism and images of time that define the identity of classical cultural models. To answer the question about the perspectives and the limits of multiculturalism as new form of pluralism, it is necessary to examine the origins of the idea of plurality in Western culture. This idea occurs to be deeply connected with the specific movement of subjectivation and the mode of time-experience that defines the ontological basis of the Self. The specific feature of European mode of apprehension of the time is its visual character. The vivid call of the epoch of multiculturalism is the need for transformation of indefinite plurality into real diversity. It demands new ontology based on refusal from visual approach to time and on transition "eidetic" one into "existential".

LT

Apmąstomas multikultūralizmo ir laiko įvaizdžių, apibrėžiančių klasikinių kultūrinių modelių tapatumą, idėjos ir praktikos santykis. Siekiant aptarti multikultūralizmo kaip naujos pliuralizmo formos perspektyvas ir ribas, būtina išsiaiškinti pliuralumo kaip idėjos kilmę Vakarų kultūroje. Ši idėja yra itin glaudžiai susijusi su tam tikra subjektyvacija ir laiko patirtimi, neatsiejama nuo tapatybės ontologinio pagrindo. Skiriamasis europietiškojo laiko suvokimo bruožas yra pastangos jį vizualiai charakterizuoti. Multikultūralizmo epochoje neribotas pliuralumas transformuojasi į tam tikrą skirtingumą. Tam reikia naujos ontologijos, kuria remiantis būtų galima atsisakyti vizualaus požiūrio į laiką ir taip pereiti nuo jo "eidetinės" prie "egzistencinės" traktuotės.

10

David Svoboda: Metafyzické myšlení Tomáše Akvinského

51%

Jindráček E.

|

tom 66

|

nr 3

419-432

EN

The monograph by David Svoboda, The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas (Metafyzické myšlení Tomáše Akvinského, Praha, Krystal OP 2012), puts forward a highly successful presentation of Aquinas‘ metaphysics. The author moves from a general introduction to “First Philosophy” as a science, through the analysis of categorical being in the context of participation, to a treatment of the transcendental concepts, particularly to the distinction of numerical and transcendental unity. The second, concluding, part of the book is then given over to mereology, to the theory of the whole and part in Aquinas’ work. In addition, there is a detailed analysis of the principle of individuation, the distinction between being and essence, again in connexion with participation. Svoboda takes a historico-speculative approach, he departs from a chronological analysis of individual texts by Aquinas, which he makes the subject of internal critique with an eye to classical and, most particularly, to modern interpreters, by which he brings the reader to further consequences and interpretations of the evergreen themes of medieval philosophy.

DE

Die Monographie David Svobodas Das metaphysische Denken des Thomas von Aquin (Metafyzické myšlení Tomáše Akvinského, Praha, Krystal OP 2012) stellt eine äußerst gelungene Präsentation der Metaphysik Aquins dar. Von der allgemeinen Einleitung geht der Autor zur „ersten Philosophie“ als Wissenschaft über, um anschließend über die Analyse der kategorialen Seiendheiten im Kontext der Partizipation zur Abhandlung über die transzendentalen Begriffe zu kommen, insbesondere zur Unterscheidung der numerischen und der transzendentalen Einheit. Der zweite, abschließende Teil des Buchs ist der Mereologie gewidmet, d. h. der Theorie vom Teil und vom Ganzen im Werk Aquins. Auch eine detaillierte Analyse des Prinzips der Individuation, der Unterscheidung von Sein und Essenz, fehlt nicht und wird auch hier im Zusammenhang mit der Partizipation vorgelegt. Svoboda verfolgt einen historisch-spekulativen Ansatz und schreitet von der chronologischen Analyse der einzelnen Texte Aquins, die er einer internen Kritik unter Berücksichtigung der klassischen und insbesondere der modernen Interpreten unterzieht, zu weiteren Zusammenhängen und Interpretationen der auch heute noch anregenden Themen der mittelalterlichen Philosophie fort.

11

Synthetic and Analytical Means of Expressing Aktionsart in the Ukrainian and Serbian Languages

44%

Ivanović M.

|

tom 23

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano aktionsarten czasowników oraz konstrukcji jako sposoby wyrażania akcjonalności w językach ukraińskim i serbskim. Wyróżniamy cztery klasy znaczeń akcjonalnych – fazowość, determinatywność, mnogość i stopniowość – i dla każdego z nich ustalamy typ i skład środków wyrażania w celu zdefiniowania wzajemnych relacji między tymi środkami, jak też podobieństwa i różnice w ich funkcjonowaniu w analizowanych językach. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy dochodzimy do wniosku, że środki analityczne, choć nie centralne, są stosunkowo często reprezentowane w obu językach, zwłaszcza w sferze jakościowej aktionsart, i że choć w obu językach istnieją odpowiednie modele słowotwórcze, to język serbski jest bardziej skłonny do analitycznych, a ukraiński do syntetycznych środków wyrażania aktionsarten.

EN

The paper analyzes the aktionsart verb classes and aktionsart constructions as means of expressing aktionsart in the Ukrainian and Serbian languages. We single out four complexes of aktionsart meanings: phasal, determinative, plural, and gradual. For each of them, we determine the type and composition of the means of expression with the aim of observing the mutual relationship between these means and the similarities and differences in their functioning in the analyzed languages. Based on the analysis, we conclude that analytical means, although not central, are relatively represented in both languages, especially in the sphere of qualitative aktionsart, and that, although there are appropriate word-formation models in both languages, the Serbian language favors analytical, and the Ukrainian synthetic meansof expressing aktionsart.