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EN
The intestinal mucosal immune system is a very important component of the host’s defense against pathogenic organisms, especially those responsible for enteric infections associated with diarrhoeal diseases. The best known entity providing specific immune protection for the gut is the SIgA system. The resistance of SIgA against normal intestinal proteases makes these antibodies exceptionally well-suited to protect the intestinal mucosal surfaces. It is now almost axiomatic that in order to be efficacious, vaccines against enteric infections must be able to stimulate the local gut immune system. This goal in usually better achieved by administering vaccines by the oral route. Based on the concept of a common mucosal immune system through which activated lymphocytes from the gut can disseminate immunity to other mucosal tissues, there in currently much interest in the possibility of developing oral vaccines against infections in the respiratory and urogenital tracts. There in also a great need to develop strategies for enhancing antigen delivery to the mucosal system as well as identify mocosa-active immunostimula- ting agents (adjuvants).
EN
The paper reviews on the characteristic of mast cells and their role in innate and adaptive immunity, also in antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic response and allergic and autoimmunological reactions. Moreover, the cooperation of mast cells with dendritic cells, lymphocytes T and B has been discussed.
EN
There has been a worldwide increase in the prevalence of allergy. Parasite infections may have a varied influence on the outcome of allergic reactions. Of particular interest is the possibility that helminth infections may lessen the intensity of allergy symptoms. This may occur due to the immune regulatory network evoked by helminthes decreasing allergy through the action of regulatory T lymphocytes and cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. The authors of the article discuss the latest research results in this field as well as laboratory studies describing the phenomena. The article also describes multiple mechanisms which may be utilized by helminths to mediate the suppression of allergy, and which involve regulatory lymphocytes and cytokines, helminthic molecules and polyclonal IgE.
EN
Studies were performed on 60 carps werghing from 30 to 40 g. Levamisole was used at the concentration of 10 mg per 1 l of water for 1 hour, and the drug TFX at 5 mg per 1 l of water for 96 hours. Blood was collected after 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the treatment. The following were assessed: the number of leukocytes and neutrocytes, the metabolic activity of granulocytes (NBT) and the level of lysozyme in the blood by the spectophotometric method. It was found that both levamisole and the drug TFX possessed immunostimulating effects in carps. Their effects lasted for 5 weeks following levamisole administration and to the end of the experiment in case of the TFX drug. The authors suggest that the TFX drug is more effective than levamisole and persists for a longer time in carps treated in such a manner.
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