Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Krótka historia macierzyństwa w ujęciu feministycznym

100%

Wodzik J.

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nr 16

91 -104

PL

Feminist thought of motherhood begins with First Wave, when thinkers were convinced of naturalistic point of view according to which women are predestined to be a mother (M. Wollstonecraft, J. S. Mill, H. Taylor). Women’s liberation was put down for a while by given them vote rights. The next wave of women’s liberation came back after II World War. Denaturalization of motherhood starts with Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex where she presents an analysis of mother stereotypes and social processes of promoting specific motherhood-mode, which works for the patriarchal culture. She does not treat motherhood and child rearing as something natural for every woman. Beauvoir’s critics set up a debate about the possibility of non-patriarchal motherhood where being a mother is independent from patriarchal order, as ground for woman’s identity. S. Macintyre postulates division off motherhood and marriage, which is opposite to traditional sociology paradigm. A. Rich creates a definition of motherhood institution so different from intimate experience of mother, she gives mothers voice to speak about motherhood. N. Chodorow suggests non-patriarchal rule of „double parenting”, which is to reduce differences between sexes. E. Badinter proves that maternal instinct does not exist (in biological way), but it is the social construct exploited by patriarchal system. Works of Beauvoir, Macintyre, Rich, Firestone, Chodorow, Badinter exemplify the slow process of denaturalization of motherhood in feminist thought.

2

Tożsamość narracyjna: Voices of motherhood: feminism, motherhood and narrative identity Motherhood

100%

Bokiniec M.

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tom 17(2)

149-164

PL

Motherhood is one of the most crucial aspects of female identity. It is more or less anubiquitous issue in any discussion focusing on women or feminism, and translates intoall every conceivable area of women’s lives whether physiological (the body is being transformed),practical or philosophical. In this essay, I am going to concentrate upon the relationswhich exist between motherhood, narration and identity within the context ofphilosophy and feminism, while focusing on specific issues such as the body, autonomyand patriarchy. I will refer to various classical thinkers and their writings on motherhood,such as Simone de Beauvoir or Adrienne Rich.I have used the framework set out by Rich who clearly highlights the distinctions betweenmotherhood as an institution and experience, and my focus was on the way “themasks of motherhood are cracking through” and women’s narratives organized aroundmotherhood proliferate. It seems that the need to express and share their experience ina narrative form (literary, personal, essayistic) is appropriated as a means that will helpsolve the social and structural issues at the level of biography. Autobiographical narrationalso becomes a form of projecting one’s life and work through the kinds of changes womenface when becoming a mother, such as self-enhancing knowledge, and through the constructionof a new identity. I identified three areas of women’s narrative activities whichcontribute to the creation of “a collective description of the world which will be trulyours” as proclaimed by Adrienne Rich. The first area includes numerous literary narrationsby professional writers and thinkers. The second is composed from the blogosphereand popular narrations. The third includes the growing body of scholarship, philosophieswritten “in different voices”, extensive research projects, collections of essays, however,this area has not been discussed in my essay, since its focus was on personal, literary andpopular narratives.

3

Macierzyństwo po rozwodzie. Szanse i zagrożenia

100%

Piotrowska M.

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nr 1

157-170

EN

Results of social change which can be seen in the area of family life, especially include crisis of the institution of marriage, redefinition of parent's roles in the parenthood or monoparenthood. The role of the mother is socially important and appreciated. In the academic discourse on the contemporary motherhood, a category of single mother or independent mother appears increasingly. Monoparental family, like the ones in which the spouses got divorced, are becoming more visible form of the family life in the contemporary societies. The article discusses the issue of different faces of motherhood, especially lonely motherhood after the divorce when the family structure is completely changed.

4

Terror laktacyjny w przestrzeni wirtualnej

100%

Marcinkiewicz A.

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nr 1

119-134

EN

The aim of paper is to show problem of putting social pressure on mothers to breastfeeding. The internet forum about terror lactation was analyzed. In research used qualitative analyses of context. The results of study had shown the ratio of mothers to breastfeed, forms of pressure on mothers and social groups which put this pressure. It was shown stereotypes which exist in virtual space about women and breastfeeding.

5

Child raising: the perspective of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders

100%

Otapowicz D.

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nr 1

310-328

EN

Parenting a child affected by a disorder with vast consequences for functioning such as autism undoubtedly modifies the family’s situation and broadens the scope and essence of parents’ responsibility. Daily experiences connected with facing new, previously unknown, problems are not an easy challenge. On the other hand, they constantly enrich mothers’ awareness related to parenting. The aim of the research was to learn the significant problems, feelings, opinions and reflections arising from the experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. The research material was collected through free-form interviews with 20 mothers raising autistic children. The analysis of the collected empirical material shows that mothers construct various concepts of parenting, including their own roles and everyday relations with the children. Their early reactions reveal the collapse of the previous vision of parenting and the loss of the real perspective concerning the perception of the child and their own role in child raising. Everyday parenting experiences – full of unique difficulties with building relationships with the children – allow the mothers to constructively seek individual solutions and patterns of coexistence.

6

Narrative identity: Voices of motherhood: feminism, motherhood and narrative identity Motherhood

100%

Bokiniec M.

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tom 17(2)

149-164

EN

Motherhood is one of the most crucial aspects of female identity. It is more or less anubiquitous issue in any discussion focusing on women or feminism, and translates intoall every conceivable area of women’s lives whether physiological (the body is being transformed),practical or philosophical. In this essay, I am going to concentrate upon the relationswhich exist between motherhood, narration and identity within the context ofphilosophy and feminism, while focusing on specific issues such as the body, autonomyand patriarchy. I will refer to various classical thinkers and their writings on motherhood,such as Simone de Beauvoir or Adrienne Rich.I have used the framework set out by Rich who clearly highlights the distinctions betweenmotherhood as an institution and experience, and my focus was on the way “themasks of motherhood are cracking through” and women’s narratives organized aroundmotherhood proliferate. It seems that the need to express and share their experience ina narrative form (literary, personal, essayistic) is appropriated as a means that will helpsolve the social and structural issues at the level of biography. Autobiographical narrationalso becomes a form of projecting one’s life and work through the kinds of changes womenface when becoming a mother, such as self-enhancing knowledge, and through the constructionof a new identity. I identified three areas of women’s narrative activities whichcontribute to the creation of “a collective description of the world which will be trulyours” as proclaimed by Adrienne Rich. The first area includes numerous literary narrationsby professional writers and thinkers. The second is composed from the blogosphereand popular narrations. The third includes the growing body of scholarship, philosophieswritten “in different voices”, extensive research projects, collections of essays, however,this area has not been discussed in my essay, since its focus was on personal, literary andpopular narratives.

7

OCHRONA PRACY KOBIET W ZWIĄZKU Z MACIERZYŃSTWEM – STAN AKTUALNY ORAZ PROPOZYCJE ZMIAN

88%

Markowski G.

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nr 2(97)

45-54

EN

Women belong to a special group of employees. The protection of women's work manifests itself in the establishment of legal measures aimed at health protection and full work capacity. There is a distinction of universal protection of women's work and a special one, which applies to women during pregnancy and maternity functions. Due to the dynamically changing labor market, it is important to analyze the rights of the employee in relation to motherhood together with a proposal for changes.

8

Experience of Mothers of Adult Alcoholics ‒ A Report from Studies.

88%

Ratkowska-Pasikowska J. , Dobińska G.

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tom XIII(2 (39))

191-203

EN

The aim of the article is to describe the situation of mothers who face alcohol problems of their adult children. We are primarily interested in female narratives, which are a reflection on the situation of mothers connected with adult children addicted to alcohol. We are trying to touch upon the essence of maternal experience. The inspiration for this presentation of the problem was a visible gap in the research carried out in the field of social sciences, which would concern directly the parents of harmful drinkers. The stage of designing and conducting the research, as well as the process of analyzing the collected empirical data, allowed for in-depth reflection on the experiences of the narrators in the context of femininity and motherhood. Prowadzone przez nas badania miały charakter jakościowy, umieszczone zostały w paradygmacie interpretatywnym (interakcjonizm symboliczny) wraz z wykorzystaniem metodologii teorii ugruntowanej.

9

Kobieta-matka w roli zawodowej. Obrazy pracujących matek w polskich i amerykańskich serialach telewizyjnych

88%

Anioł J.

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nr 1

135-156

EN

From the very beginning, presence of women-mothers in the labor market have been causing a lot of controversy. The intellectual women’s work was particular condemn as an improper and disgraceful. Working women-mothers were blaming for withdrawal from the natural role: the patroness of heart. How are the conviction created by the very popular medium as a television series in the present time? Does it important that in many European countries, women represent more than half of all employees? Does it change a perception and representation the vocational role of the mothers? The aim of the article is an analysis of selected Polish and American television series for the characters working women-mothers and the way they are presented.

10

Matczyne debiuty. Obrazy doświadczania pierwszych tygodni macierzyństwa

88%

Mitręga A.

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nr 1

55-74

EN

Post-modernity has radically deformed the traditional ideas connected with entering the role of mother. Old ways of maternal initiation, passed from generation to generation, turned out to be inadequate. The aim of the research was to define socio-cultural factors that change defining and interpreting the key aspects of woman functioning in the first weeks after giving birth to a child. Basing on the gathered narrative interviews there were selected repetitive and subjectively meaning experiences creating the first period motherhood images. The free choice right experience and its psychological consequences, dilemma between natural and medical phenomena interpretation/ pregnancy, delivery, confinement and lactation/, emotional stress determinants or young mothers’ social perception were experience-creating elements of young women experiences. Pedagogical perspective in the analysis and interpretation of aspects connected with entering the role of mother may constitute a contribution in the approach to that present-day women’s life period, as well as in forming a social support for the motherhood.

11

Simone De Beauvoir: Transgressing Immanence, Motherhood And Social Constructs

88%

ZELINKA E.

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nr 1

118-130

EN

The thesis of the present paper is to investigate the reasons why it may become difficult for the 20th century Western woman to avoid feeling trapped within her status of motherhood and to transcend her immanence as a woman. Simone de Beauvoir argues in The Second Sex, Part V, chapter XVII (“The Mother”) that the modern Western woman proves unable to transgress her own immanence. What are the three factors that stand in the way of the woman's existential telos? What is the natural consequence of her Snow White-type of imprisonment? Will she impose the same pattern of panoptic surveillance upon her own offspring?

12

Mateřská praxe v příbězích matek tří různých generací

75%

Marková Volejníčková R.

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tom 19

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nr 1

105-129

EN

Motherhood has always been one of the key topic of feminist thought and analysis. The aim of this article is to analyse what cultural, structural, or institutional conditions influence the realisation of motherhood practices in three selected generations of Czechs (from the 1950s to today) using biographical interviews. The analysis shows that these conditions are improving, and consequently mothers have more opportunities to expand their motherhood projects. Only in the narratives of today’s mothers are these conditions uncertain and vague. They are pressed to explain every decision they make in the motherhood project. Social structures determine how successfully they are able to justify their decisions.

13

Doświadczenie macierzyństwa jako czynnik rozwojowy?

75%

Sikora J.

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nr 1(20)

413-419

EN

Motherhood is one of the most important experiences in woman’s life. It is connected not only with change in position within the social role, it is also a series of changes related to the psyche of women. Motherhood is a popular topic of many researchers, but most of them do not focus on motherhood and changes which are connected with it. The purpose of articles is to present the experience of motherhood from the perspective of woman development. More over it is important to recognized a motherhood like a developmental factor, which stimulates self-realization and shows motherhood from psychological perspective.

14

Macierzyństwo pod medycznym nadzorem. Wybrane aspekty medykalizacji macierzyństwa

75%

Mazurek E.

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nr 1

75-93

EN

The growing importance of medicine as a science, but also as a certain ideology, caused the medical supervision of different spheres of human life, not just those related to human health and the organism. Using the authority of medicine and its representants, medical discourse (re)constructs the meaning of motherhood, uses its own conceptual categories to describe the experience of performing the role of the mother, imposes their own interpretations of processes and problems inherent in this experience. In relation to the concept of Peter Conrad, author presents the selected practices of medicalization of motherhood and their possible consequences. In addition, the mother is shown as a person who learns in the context of experienced medicalization practices.

15

O recepcji Baśki i Barbary Zofii Romanowiczowej

75%

Morawiec A.

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2015

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tom 6

EN

The text concerns the most notable, next to Passage through the Red Sea, literary accomplishment of Zofia Romanowiczowa – the 1956 novel Baśka i Barbara. It was the first emigration book to appear on Polish bookselling market, and its two 1958 Polish editions launched a vivid discussion among literary critics, columnists, educationalists, and, the so called, regular readers. It received all due attention for being, first of all, an exquisite and innovative literary text on motherhood. Moreover, however, the book now provides a moving commentary on such current issues as upbringing and education of emigrant children, their identity, bilingualism, and multiculturalism.

16

The Mother, Who Is Not One: Reflections Of Motherhood In Shakespeare'sRomeo And Juliet,The Tempest,AndThe Taming Of The Shrew

75%

KARAMAN H.

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nr 1

37-47

EN

The lack of proper motherhood in Shakespeare's plays has been a point of attraction for many feminist critics actively engaged in emphasizing the patriarchal aspect of Shakespeare's plays. This paper aims to analyze motherhood and the lack of mother/mother-figure in The Tempest, Romeo and Juliet and The Taming of the Shrew through Luce Irigaray's theory of gender and the work of other feminist critics. The issues of gender, father-daughter relations and the reflections of the absent mothers will be discussed. Male/Female Subjectivity will also be questioned, in view of Irigaray's conceptualization of gender by relating it to Subject.

17

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Gdańsku z 14 grudnia 2017 r., sygn. akt I ACa 187/17

75%

Nadolska A.

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nr 2(151)

167–181

EN

In its judgment of 14 December 2017 (ref. no. I Aca 187/17), the Court of Appeal in Gdańsk adjudicated that suggesting to a nursing mother that she shall take a seat other than the one chosen by her as the place to have a meal with her whole family in a restaurant is a manifestation of a less favourable treatment in comparison to other customers. This is a manifestation of unequal treatment on the basis of sex, as breastfeeding is an attribute of the female sex and is inseparable from motherhood. Extensive reflections presented in the statement of reasons (resentencing entirely the decision of the court of first instance) gave impulse to a deepened, multi-aspect legal analysis of direct discrimination on the basis of sex. The analysis is completed with the review of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national common courts as regards all manifestations of infringement of the principle of equal treatment of women and men in their access to publicly offered services and goods. In the conclusion it is pointed that in modern Europe there is a universal acceptance for behaviour based on categorizing persons due to their predominant features. The commented judgment is at the same time progressive and ground-breaking, therefore it deserves particular reflection, as it sanctions unjustified discrimination of a woman nursing a child at a restaurant, being in line with the antidiscrimination policy of the European Union.

18

Macierzyństwo w świetle poznańskich czasopism dla kobiet na przełomie XIX i XX wieku – stan badań i perspektywy badawcze

75%

Morawska J.

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nr 1(8)

50-66

PL

Przemiany cywilizacyjne przełomu XIX i XX w. wpłynęły na zmianę pojmowania roli macierzyństwa i matek w społeczeństwie. Zagadnienia te stały się przedmiotem zainteresowania wielu badaczy, również w Polsce. W odniesieniu do zaboru pruskiego brakuje jednak prac, które omawiają tę tematykę. Ponadto powstałe na ten temat prace nie uwzględniają spojrzenia (lub uwzględniają je tylko w niewielkim stopniu) samych kobiet, w tym wypadku Wielkopolanek, na role i zadania, jakie są im społecznie przypisywane. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie aktualnego stanu badań oraz formułuje listę problemów i zadań badawczych, które należałoby podjąć, aby uzupełnić stan wiedzy na temat pojmowania kobiecości i macierzyństwa przez mieszkanki Poznańskiego.

EN

Civilization changes from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries had major impact on roles and duties of motherhood and mothers in society. Many scientists, including Polish researchers, were interested on this subject. In the scope of Prussian Partition there is a lack of elaboration covering this topic. In addition, the resulting papers do not include (or only include to a small extent) the view of women themselves, in this case the Wielkopolska’s women, on the roles and tasks that are socially assigned to them. The article aims to present the current state of research and formulates a list of research problems and tasks that should be undertaken to cover the state of knowledge about the concept of femininity and motherhood by the residents in Posen.

19

RETHINKING GENDER, RETHINKING MIGRATION: ‘They assume dirty kids means happy kids’. Polish female migrants on being a mother in Norway

75%

Odden G.

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2016

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tom 17(3)

35-49

EN

This article deals with how the Polish in Norway perceive and talk about motherhood ina migratory context. The changes such a context might imply in terms of a parenting style,defined as a set of attitudes that express the parents’ behavior towards the child, are the article’smain focus. The results presented are based on qualitative interviews conducted withtwelve Polish mothers in Norway. The empirical data shows that the mothers interviewedconsider the Polish parenting style as rather demanding and intrusive while the Norwegianparenting style is considered as rather responsive and neglecting. The article shows, however,that there is no absolute connection between rather stereotyped perceptions of the Norwegianand the Polish parenting styles, and the actual attitudes identified in the analysis of themothers’ narratives. Better economic opportunities are among the most important changesfor the mothers, which in turn influences their perceptions and practices of motherhood.Furthermore, the diversity in perceiving, talking about and performing motherhood acrossborders are stressed, highlighting that the changes in terms of parenting styles are to beseen, above all, in terms of structural opportunities and personal experiences.

20

„Ja jestem Bogiem, a nie człowiekiem!” (Oz 11,9). Prorocka wizja doskonałej miłości Boga „ojca mającego serce matki”

63%

Kot P.

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tom 23

39-56

EN

Since the 1960s, in the circles of the so called feminist theology, there has been a strong call for a departure from the androcentric image of God in the exegesis of biblical texts. It initialized a differentiation, very radical at times, into fatherly and motherly features of God. This dualistic approach is evident especially in the aspect of God’s love to the human. However, a thorough analysis of the prophetic texts by Hosea and Isaiah, in which we find the metaphor of God’s motherly love, also leads to a significant observation that these authors never fragment God’s qualities, but present them as complementary: God loves the human with a love that is fatherly and motherly at the same time. God is a perfect being. The Scripture is a testimony of God who is Fullness (see: Col 1:19; 2:9; Eph 1:23; 3:19) and as such he gives himself to the human. Exposed to the effect of the loving God, the human receives a love that in the material world is associated with either male or female features, but which – in itself – is simply divine.