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tom 63
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nr 10
1224-1229
EN
The aim of the morphological research was to attempt to characterize the peripheral part of the pelvis limb of domesticated ducks in relation to their age and sex. Research was conducted on the bone material of domestic Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica Linnaeus 1758) derived from 84 8-week-old ducks (42 males and 40 females) and 40 ducks over eight weeks old (6 males and 34 females). All the birds were from a water-fowl farm. The bones were cooked in a 3% solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then dried at room temperature (16-20°C). The research concentrated on the bones of the peripheral part of the pelvis limb and, in particular, on a detailed morphological analysis of the bones of the left limb. Features typical of the species as well as changes concerning dimorphism and ontogeny were analysed. Statistically significant major differences were found between analogical bone parameters in adult males and females. No changes related to sexual dimorphism were observed in the cases of phalanx I greatest length (GL) and breadth of the proximal end (Bp), phalanx II of toe I and breadth of the proximal end (Bp), phalanx II of toe II and greatest length (GL), breadth of the proximal end (Bp), phalanx III of toe III and breadth of the proximal end (Bp). Dimorphic changes were also not found in phalanx I greatest length (GL), phalanx II greatest length (GL), phalanx III greatest length (GL), phalanx V of toe IV. No sexual dimorphism in relation to the tarsal-metatarsal bone was found among young ducks. In this group of birds statistically significant differences were found for phalanx III greatest length (GL), breadth of the proximal end (Bp), phalanx IV of toe III greatest length (GL), breadth of the proximal end (Bp). While analyzing the structure of toe IV, sexual dimorphism was found only in the case of phalanx IV and breadth of the proximal end (Bp).
EN
Previous studies have demonstrated that, the length of the lumbar spine is decreasing with age. Despite considerable research based on sagittal measurements, little is known about the changes in the volume of vertebrae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the volume of either column of the spine with age. Materials and methods: Computed tomography scans of 62 asymptomatic subjects, performed for thoracolumbar trauma evaluation were used to create virtual 3D models. At least 10 patients were assigned to every decade of life from third to eight. We used a novel technique to measure the volume of anterior column (AC) and posterior column (PC) per each segment (a total of 310 segments). Midline sagittal images were used to measure disc height (DH) and vertebral body height (VH). Results: With age, both DH increases, whereas the VH decreases. The overall length of lumbar segment of the spine decreases with age. The volumetric measurements performed on same subjects showed that volume of both AC and PC does not change with age in females. In males, there is a weak but statistically significant correlation between AC volume and age and no change in the volume of PC. The ratio of PC:AC volume does not change with age in women, although it decreases slightly but significantly (in favor of AC) with age in males. Conclusions: The overall length of lumbar spine decreases with age. This process is not a result of mere changes in the volume of either AC or PC.
PL
Badania morfometryczne raka pręgowatego (Orco-nectes limosus Raf.) oparto na podstawie 182 osobników, w tym było 151 samców i 31 samic. Na każdym osobniku wykonano 9 pomiarów, na podstawie których obliczono 10 proporcji budowy ciała. Samce w porównaniu z samicami osiągały wyraźnie węższy odwłok i dłuższe szczypce. U osobników obu płci stwierdzono bardzo wysokie korelacje pomiędzy długością całkowitą a analizowanymi cechami mierzalnymi. Raki pręgo watę z ujścia rzeki Brdy nie odbiegały zasadniczo budową ciała od raków bytujących w jeziorach.
EN
Morphometry studies on 182 individuals of crayfish (Orconectes lirnosus Raf.) were made - 151 males and 31 females. On each individual 9 measurements were made and 10 proportions of body bulding were estimated. Males had more narrow abdomen and longer claws then females distinctly. Very high correlations between total length and measurable traits were confirmed in males and females. Crayfish from Brda river mouth had very similar body bulding as crayfish living in lakes.
EN
The main aim of the research is to evaluate the applicability of craniometric methods to living animals as well as to define the range of values derived from measuring the heads of brachycephalic types of dogs and their calculated indices. Investigations were conducted on 78 dogs, both male and female, of different age, that belonged to six different breeds: Pekingese, Small Brabant, Griffon Bruxellois, French Bulldog, Pug and English Bulldog (tab.1). A zoometric divider was used to carry out the measurements. On the basis of methods used in craniometry proper, points were established on the heads of the living dogs. Among the craniometric measures were: skull length (AP); cranial length (NA); viscerocranial length (NP) and maximum zygomatic width (ZyZy). The following indices: skull index, length-length index-2, facial index and length-width index-2 were calculated on the basis of the obtained data. The skull index was treated as a basis for evaluating the morphotype while the other indices served as additional tools. The results confirm that the measurements carried out on living animals are adequate to their equivalents in craniometry. The skull index for brachycephalic dogs was calculated and was found to be between 80-100.
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