Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The influence of organic polymer on properties of mineral concentrates. Part I

100%

Popek M.

Polish Maritime Research

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2007

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tom nr 4

64-67

EN

The property is evaluated when acceptance for loading of solid bulk cargoes is judged prior to shipment. The liquefaction can be prevented by means of limiting the moisture content of the cargo by introducing the safety margin, regardless of the condition of stresses. It is rational to limit the moisture content of cargoes, which may liquefy, because liquefaction is not liable to occur when the degree of saturation is low, even if the permeability of the material is low. To prevent sliding and shifting of ore concentrates in storage biodegradable thermoplastic materials were added to the ore. The polymer absorbs water from the particle pore in mineral concentrates and its moisture content goes down. In consequence, polymer prevents: drainage of water from the particle pore, sliding and shifting of ore concentrates in storage.

2

A Raman spectroscopic study of hydroxyl analogues of pyromorphite-mimetite solid solutions

100%

Giera A. , Manecki M. , Kwaśniak-Kominek M. , Marchlewski T. , Borkiewicz O. , Rakovan J.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2014

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tom Vol. 40, no. 1

86--87

EN

Pyromorphite Pb10(PO4)6Cl2 and mimetite Pb10(AsO4)6Cl2, minerals belonging to apatite group, receive increased attention recently. Induced precipitation of pyromorphite and mimetite in soil pore solutions or waste solutions belongs to the best remediation and reclamation methods (Ma et al. 1995, Maniecki et al. 2009). These phases are the most stable forms of Pb2+ and As5+ in the environment. Deficiency of Cl in the environment can cause formation of their hydroxyl forms: Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2 and Pb10(AsO4)6(OH)2 or their solid solutions. Apatite structure allows for extensive and varied ionic substitutions in all positions. The isomorphic substitutions affect unitcell parameters and chemical properties of these minerals (Botto et al. 1997). Solid solutions of hydroxyl analogues of pyromorphite and mimetite have not been sufficiently characterized to this day. A detailed description of phases from this series is, however, necessary for optimization of the remediation methods. A Raman spectroscopic study of mimetite-pyromorphite series demonstrated a strong correlation between the positions of the vibrational modes and the As/(As+P) ratio (Bajda et al. 2011). Such a correlation may be used to determine the composition of the examined samples of minerals from the series. The current research is based on the assumption that in the case of solid solutions of their hydroxyl analogues similar correlations occur. Therefore, the aim of this study is structural (X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic (Raman) investigation of the effect of PO4-AsO4 isomorphic substitution on the structure and vibrational spectra. Seven phases were synthesized in computer-controlled chemistate at pH = 11 and 80°C by dropwise mixing of solutions containing Pb2+, PO4 3- and AsO4 3- in stoichiometric proportions. The composition of the final products was Pb10[(PO4)6-x(AsO4)x(OH)2, where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data was obtained using the diffractometer at beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago). A detailed Raman spectroscopy was performed with the use of confocal Raman microscope and OMNIC software (AGH Kraków). The morphology and elemental composition of the samples were characterized by means of Fei Quanta variable pressure SEM/EDS (AGH UST Kraków). Moreover, the chemical composition of synthetic phases was determined by wet chemical analysis. Unit cell parameters increase with substitution of AsO4 for PO4 . Parameter a increases from 449.879 Å to 10.189 Å, while parameter c - from 7.427 Å to 7.516 Å. This is consistent with other solid solution series of lead apatites (Flis et al. 2009). The area under selected Raman effects is also strongly correlated with P and As content. Additionally, systematic shift of the position of Raman effects is observed. The band attributed to the (AsO4)3- ν1 symmetric stretching mode shifts from 808 cm-1 in Pb10(AsO4)6(OH)2 to 814 cm-1 in Pb10[(PO4)5(AsO4)](OH)2. The range of the peak positions for the (PO4)3- ν1 symmetric stretching mode is even wider: from 918 cm-1 in Pb10[(PO4)(AsO4)5](OH)2 to 926 cm-1 in Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2. The observed correlations may be used for semi-quantitative estimation of As and P content using non-destructive Raman spectroscopy.

3

Optimization of synthesis conditions of pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series

100%

Janicka U. , Bajda T. , Topolska J. , Manecki M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2014

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tom Vol. 40, no. 1

88

EN

Minerals: pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl, mimetite Pb5(As04)3Cl and vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cl belong to the apatite supergroup. Commonly they form in hypergenic conditions. They are best known from the oxidation zones of lead ore deposits. Natural pyromorphite usually contains admixture of arse-nates or vanadates, whereas mimetite or vanadinite contain admixtures of phosphates. Solid solutions of the pyromorphite-mimetite series are well known, while the knowledge about anionie substitutions in vanadinite is incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for the synthesis of pyromorphite-vanadinte and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series. This research will allow to check the range of possible anionie substitutions, formation conditions such as pH, temperature and in, turn, to obtain better knowledge about the properties of these minerals. Pyromorphite, mimetite, vanadinite and pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solutions series were synthesized from aqueous solutions. Solutions containing Pb2+, PO43-, AsO43-, VO3- , VO43- and Cl- ions in stoichiometric molar proportions were dropwise mixing. This method of synthesis allows controlling the stoichiometry of the chemical composition of synthetic precipitates. Synthesis reactions were carried out at various pH and at different temperatures (range from 25°C to 85°C). After the synthesis, suspensions were left for two weeks for aging. Then the suspensions were filtered using a Biichner funnel. The precipitates were washed with double-distilled water and acetone, and then dried. Synthetic precipitates were analyzed using various analytical techniques including X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Results of XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analyzes of studied samples showed that temperature 25°C and pH = 3.5 are optimal conditions to synthesize pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series. Chervetite Pb2V2O7 was formed together with studied phases at lower pH values (1.7, 2.2), or higher temperatures (75°C, 85°C). At pH = 11.5, minerals with hydroxyl groups were formed. It has been observed that the formation of pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series mainly depends on the pH values. The temperature is less important.

4

Effects of essential oils and their combinations added to broiler diets on the mineral contents of some tissues and bone breaking strength

88%

Sevim B. , Cufadar Y.

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2021

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tom 17

|

nr 3

5

The role of boron in animal health

88%

Kabu M. , Uyarlar C. , Zarczynska K. , Milewska W. , Sobiech P.

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tom 20

|

nr 2

EN

Boron is a mineral used for various purposes in glass, ceramics, automotive and paint industries. Recently, boron has been confirmed to be an essential element for plants, animals and humans, although the knowledge of its biological effects is rather scanty. Boron is a dynamic trace element, and inorganic borates are transformed into boric acids and absorbed from mucosal surfaces, even when they are in low levels of physiological pH. It has been determined that boron affects many enzymes, bone development, mineralization, Ca, P, Mg and energy metabolism. Boron mineral compounds can be effective in optimizing the performance of an organism, treatment of bone structure disorders, reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Beside the effects it produces specifically on fat and lipid metabolisms, boron can influence the activity of vitamin D and affect some disorders connected with its deficiency. Although several studies on effects of boron on some mechanisms have been conducted over the last ten years, the available information remains insufficient.

6

Terra mineralia we Freibergu

75%

Probierz K.

|

tom Nr 4

86-88

PL

Miasto Freiberg kojarzy się nam z górnictwem rud cynku i ołowiu oraz pozyskiwaniem srebra. Niestety, teraz to jedynie historia, bowiem kopalnie tego rejonu zakończyły wydobywanie cennych kruszców u schyłku lat 60. XX w. Akademia Górnicza we Freibergu, słynna Bergakademie, jest natomiast w dalszym ciągu chlubą tego 40-tysięcznego miasta, położonego w Saksonii u podnóża Gór Kruszcowych, czyli Rudaw, i odległego od polskiej granicy w Zgorzelcu jedynie o ok. 1,5 godziny jazdy samochodem.

7

The ostrich meat - an updated review. II. Nutritive value

75%

Polawska E. , Marchewka J. , Cooper R. G. , Sartowska K. , Pomianowski J. , Jozwik A. , Strzalkowska N. , Horbanczuk J. O.

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tom 29

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nr 2

EN

Ostrich meat is a niche product gaining popularity among consumers especially in Europe. Nutrient composition of this meat considering protein, amino acids, fat, cholesterol, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was henceforth assessed. Ostrich meat is characterized by low intramuscular fat content, a favourable fatty acids profile (PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios), a high content of iron and vitamin E and low of Na. Thus, it can be considered as a high quality product of high nutritive and dietetic value. It may thus be a valuable component of human diet.

8

The Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Behavior of Minerals Content in Food Products

75%

Alshallash K. S. , Shahat M. , Ibrahim M. I. , Hegazy A. I. , Hamdy A. E. , Elnaggar I. A. , El-Wahed A. E.-W. N. A. , Taha I. M.

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tom Vol. 24, nr 3

263--275

EN

The goal of the current study was to determine the mineral content of different fruit varieties (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu), as well as the effects of various processing methods (such as canning, drying, stewing, syrup process, and concentration of juices). All tested fruits that were subjected to various types of processing were exposed to a degree of mineral loss, varying from very little to high reduction. However, it still retains its nutritional value. All fig products have the greatest levels of most tested minerals, compared to other processed fruit products, particularly P and Fe. In turn, orange products supply higher quantities of Ca. On the other hand, apricot products have a comparable value of other minerals with those found in fig and orange products. Among canned juices, guava had the highest contents of Ca, P, and Fe, while mango scored the first juice as Mg and Zn supplying. Canned apricot halves contain the best amounts of K, Ca, P and Mg than the same products of apple and peach. Among jam products, fig jam has higher amounts of Na, Ca, P, Mg, and Fe than those found in other fruit jams. The concentration of fruit juices by vacuum-heating or dehydration of fruit produced higher mineral retentions than the fruit products that were processed by other techniques. The concentrated orange juice by vacuum-heating processing retained most of the minerals found in raw juice, also dried apricot sheet retained higher minerals than those retained in dehydrated whole apricot.

9

Propozycja współczesnej definicji terminu "surowiec mineralny"

75%

Galos K. , Lewicka E.

|

2004

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tom T. 20, z. 3

5-25

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest próba ustalenia współczesnej definicji i zakresu pojęcia "surowiec mineralny", przy uwzględnieniu obecnych uwarunkowań gospodarki światowej. W tym celu dokonano przeglądu występującej w literaturze terminologii związanej z określeniem "surowiec mineralny", analizując ewolucję znaczenia tego terminu w ujęciu historycznym. Przedstawiono również dotychczasowe klasyfikacje surowców mineralnych, a także tradycyjne i nowe ich źródła, z uwzględnieniem źródeł wtórnych, odpadowych oraz syntezy chemicznej. Zasadnicze znaczenie dla sformułowania definicji pojęcia "surowiec mineralny" miało określenie zakresu jego funkcjonowania w układzie horyzontalnym (poziomym) i wertykalnym (pionowym). Rezultatem tych rozważań, obok propozycji współczesnej definicji terminu "surowiec mineralny", była koncepcja nowej współczesnej klasyfikacji surowców mineralnych, zawierająca w sobie elementy dawnej klasyfikacji technologicznej, która bazowała na generalnym podziale surowców na energetyczne, metaliczne i niemetaliczne. Każdą grupę surowcową tworzy kilka - kilkanaście pokrewnych surowców, uporządkowanych na podstawie kryteriów mineralogiczno-petrograficznych, chemicznych i technologicznych, a pozyskiwanych zarówno ze złóż, jak i ze źródeł wtórnych, odpadowych, czy też na drodze syntezy chemicznej.

EN

The principal goal of the article is an attempt to precise the contemporary definition of "mineral commodity", taking into account the current conditions on the world mineral market. The authors reviewed the literature referring to that concept and analyzed the evolution of its meaging through the ages. Some popular classifications of mineral commodities have been also presented together with the analyses of the traditional and new sources of mineral commodities, including the secondaries, wastes and chemical synthesis. The crucial role in the creation of the definition of mineral commodity played the determination of horizontal and vertical limits of that term applicability. These considerations resulted in a proposal of a new modern classification of mineral commodities, applicability. These considerations resulted in a proposal of a new modern classification of mineral commodities, which included some components of the general classification dividing mineral commodities into fuels, metallic commodities and industrial minerals. Each group of mineral commodities consists of some/several related minerals, which were ordered according to mineralogical, chemical and technological criteria, and which could be obtained both from deposits, secondary sources, wastes, and by synthetic preparation.

10

Kaolin - ważny minerał przemysłowy

75%

Lex M.

|

2008

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tom R. 64, nr 3

148-149

11

Osiągnięcia i udział w rozwoju przeróbki surowców mineralnych i utylizacji odpadów Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych w Gliwicach

75%

Wieniewski A. , Myczkowski Z.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

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2017

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tom R. 62, nr 9

3--10

PL

W bieżącym roku (2017) Instytut Metali Nieżelaznych ob-chodzi jubileusz 65-lecia. Pierwotna struktura Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych powstała w 1952 r. w oparciu o trzy jednostki wy¬łonione z utworzonego w kwietniu 1945 r. Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza, a mianowicie: Zakładu Przeróbki Rud, którym kierował wówczas mgr inż. Henryk Czarkowski, Zakładu Walcownictwa i Rafinacji oraz Zakładu Metalurgii Proszków.

12

Vitamins and minerals in diets of first year female students of the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

75%

Wyka J. , Zechalko-Czajkowska A.

|

nr 1

13

Natural and induced thermoluminescence of soils

75%

Dancewicz A. M. , Malec-Czechowska K. , Szot Z.

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nr 2

14

The comparison of the physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of homemade and commercial pomegranate juices

63%

Dzugan M. , Wesolowska M. , Zagula G. , Puchalski C.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2018

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

15

Wytwarzanie preparatu mikroelementowego z cynkiem do pasz w skali półtechnicznej. Cz. 2, Ocena właściwości użytkowych produktu

63%

Witkowska Z. , Chojnacka K. , Zielińska A. , Zdunek M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2011

|

tom T. 90, nr 5

1069-1071

16

Determinants of the use of dietary supplements among secondary and high school students

63%

Gajda K. , Zielinska M. , Ciecierska A. , Hamulka J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2016

|

tom 67

|

nr 4

EN

Background. All over the world, including Poland, the sale of dietary supplements is increasing. More and more often, people including children and youths, use dietary supplements on their own initiative and without any medical indications or knowledge in this field. Objectives. Analysis of the conditions of using the dietary supplements with vitamins and minerals among secondary school and high school students in Poland. Material and methods. The study included 396 students aged 13-18 years (249 girls and 147 boys). Authors’ questionnaire was used to evaluate the intake of dietary supplements. The use of cluster analysis allowed to distinguish groups of students with similar socio-demographic characteristics and the frequency of use of dietary supplements. Results. In the studied population of students three clusters were created that significantly differed in socio-demographic characteristics. In cluster 1 and 2, were mostly students who used dietary supplements (respectively, 56% of respondents and 100%). In cluster 1 there were mostly students coming from rural areas and small city, with a worse financial situation, mainly boys (56%), while cluster 2 was dominated by girls (81%) living in a big city, coming from families with a good financial situation and who were more likely to be underweight (28.8%). In cluster 3 there were mostly older students (62%), not taking dietary supplements. In comparison to cluster 2, they had lower frequency of breakfast consumption (55% vs. 69%), but higher frequency of the consumption of soft drinks, fast-food, coffee as well as salt use at the table. Conclusions. The results show that the use of dietary supplements in adolescence is a common phenomenon and slightly conditioned by eating behaviors. This unfavorable habit of common dietary supplements intake observed among students indicates the need for education on the benefits and risks of the supplements usage.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Na całym świecie, również w Polsce rośnie sprzedaż suplementów diety. Coraz częściej sięgają po nie osoby, w tym również dzieci i młodzież bez odpowiednich zaleceń (wskazań medycznych) oraz wiedzy w tym zakresie. Cel. Analiza uwarunkowań stosowania suplementów diety zawierających witaminy i składniki mineralne przez uczniów gimnazjum oraz szkół ponadgimnazjalnych w Polsce. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 396 uczniów w wieku 13–18 lat (249 dziewcząt i 147 chłopców). Do oceny spożycia suplementów diety zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Zastosowanie metody analizy skupień pozwoliło na wyodrębnienie grup uczniów o podobnych cechach sojco-demograficznych oraz częstotliwości stosowania suplementów diety. Wyniki. W badanej grupie uczniów wyodrębniono trzy skupienia różniące się między sobą istotnie w obszarze cech socjo-demograficznych. W skupieniu 1 i 2 dominowali uczniowie stosujący suplementy diety (1 - 56%; 2 - 100% badanych). W skupieniu 1 przeważali uczniowie pochodzący ze wsi i mniejszego miasta, o słabszej sytuacji finansowej, głównie chłopcy (56%), natomiast w skupieniu 2 przeważały dziewczęta (81%) mieszkające w dużym mieście, pochodzące z rodzin o dobrej sytuacji materialnej oraz, u których częściej występowała niedowaga (28,8%). W skupieniu 3 przeważali uczniowie starsi (62%), nie stosujący suplementów diety. Charakteryzowali się oni, w porównaniu do uczniów ze skupienia 2, niższą częstotliwością spożywania I śniadań (55% vs. 69%), natomiast wyższą konsumpcją napojów słodzonych, dań typu fast-food, kawy oraz częstszym dosalaniem potraw. Wnioski. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że stosowanie suplementów diety w okresie młodzieńczym jest zjawiskiem powszechnym i w niewielkim stopniu uwarunkowanym zachowaniami żywieniowymi. Zaobserwowany niekorzystny zwyczaj przyjmowania suplementów przez uczniów wskazuje na konieczność edukacji w zakresie korzyści i zagrożeń wynikających z bezpiecznego stosowania suplementów diety.

17

The mineral character and geomechanical properties of the transitional rocks from the mesozoic – neogene contact zone in the Bełchatów lignite deposit

63%

Pękala A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2014

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tom Vol. 13, iss. 1

10--14

EN

Purpose Beginning more than 30 years ago, opencast lignite mining in the "Bełchatów" area is an important source of accompany-ing minerals. Lignite mining in the "Bełchatów" mine yields, on average, more than 35 million tonnes per annum and re-quires removing more than 110 million cubic meters of overburden. Therefore the mine outside of the main mineral ex-ploitation of lignite, leads to a large-scale economy of accompanying minerals. Part of the minerals are present in the overburden and are exposed on the slopes of the opencast mine; these minerals are selectively exploited in the event of the absence of recipients stored on anthropogenic deposits. The object of this mineralogical-geochemical study is a group of transitional rocks such as opoka-rocks, gaize and marls exposed when contact occurs between Neogene sediments and Mesozoic basement rocks in the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit. In the case of these rocks, during preliminary geological research carried out on the mine, doubt often appear as to their explicit petrographic character and hence their practical use. Advanced mineralogical methods allow mistakes in their identification to be avoided and a geomechanical study indi-cates possible direction of their practical use. Methods The heterogeneous petrographic character of the examined rocks required the use of a broad research spectrum. The fol-lowing microscopes were used in the framework of the mineralogical research: Polarizing Olimpus BX51 and electron (SEM) FEI Quanta 200FEG equipped with an X-ray spectrometer (EDX Genesis) and backscattered electron detector (BSE). In addition, observations were carried out using a cathodoluminescence apparatus, the Cambridge Image Tech-nolgy Ltd CCL 8200 mk3 model, and a polarizing microscope, type Nikon Optiphot 2. Determination of the phase compo-sition (qualitative and quantitative) was made using X-ray diffraction and utilizing the powder method of Debye-Sherrer. An X-ray diffractometer, a Philips PW 3020 X'PERT, was also used in the study. Analyses by Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy were performed using the production apparatus BIO-RAD, model FTS 165, equipped with a package of programs for the digital processing of results. The chemical composition was determined by atomic absorption spectrosco-py (AAS) using a spectrophotometer Philips PU 9100Xi Camera SX-100 and atomic emission spectroscopy with induc-tively coupled plasma (ICP AES) using spectrometer 40 PLASMA. The geomechanical properties were determined in accordance with the following standards: open and total porosity (PN-EN 1936:2001) compressive strength in air – dried state (PN-EN 1926:2001), bulk density and density (PN-EN 1936:2001), relative humidity (PN-EN 1925:2001); absorba-bility of stone material (PN-EN 13755:2002) and abrasion on the face of Boehme (PN-84/B-04111). Results Mineralogical-petrographic studies of the transitional rocks showed that the dominant component was SiO2 which was presented in the form of opal type A and CT, chalcedony, quartz and microquartz. In addition, it was found that the rocks studied had been covered by secondary mineralization processes. The observations carried out showed that these rocks underwent primary silicification and decalcination processes, which contributed to the diverse petrographic nature of the rocks studied and secondarily experienced a change in their physico-mechanical properties. The silification process was the result of diagenetic processes taking place within the Neogene argillaceous rocks occurring when a sub-coal series is situated in the immediate vicinity of the bedrock. There was a release of extruded silica-rich water from the clays during the mechanical compaction process. Some amounts of silica may also be derived from plagioclase dissolution and the transformation of terrigenous material, mainly grains of potassium feldspar. The precipitation of silica from porous solutions occurred most when coinciding with the presence of carbonic acid formed by the decomposition of organic substances of vegetable origin. Practical implications The studies carried out have a significant practical implication, as the transitional sediments from the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit can be used in the production of building materials. Originality/ value Against the background of a number of published papers on the rocks accompanying lignite seams there is a lack of the mineralogical-petrographic studies of the transitional sediments in the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone in the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit taking into account the aspect of raw materials. This paper has been produced to fill the void in this area.

18

Nutritional assessment in Polish men with cardiovascular diseases

63%

Anyzewska A. , Wawrzyniak A. , Wozniak A. , Krotki M. , Gornicka M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2013

|

tom 64

|

nr 3

EN

Background. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Poland, where many factors have been found responsible such as obesity, smoking cigarettes and a lack of physical activity. Amongst these are also nutritional determinants, which principally include the amount and types of dietary fatty acids consumed, coupled with low intakes of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetables. Objectives. To assess nutrition in male subjects suffering from cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods. Subjects were 95 men with cardiovascular disease aged 30-90 years. Nutrition was assessed by weighed food records over 3 days. The calorific dietary intake, as well as the proportions of calories derived from dietary protein, carbohydrates and fat were also calculated; this included vitamins and minerals. Results. Only 18% subjects had a normal Body Mass Index (BMI); the rest falling into the overweight or obesity ranges. The average dietary calorific daily intakes were abnormally low at 1582 kcal/person, however the proportions of fat and protein making up this value were too high; respectively at 36% and 19%. The average daily consumption per person of cholesterol, fibre and vegetables were respectively 251 mg, 19 g and 608 g. A significant number were deficient in dietary minerals (eg. calcium, potassium and magnesium) as well as vitamins; especially A, B1 and Br Conclusions. Persons suffering from cardiovascular disease require a diet with sufficient calories for their body needs. It is also vital that the dietary sources of energy are properly balanced between protein, carbohydrates and fats as well as having appropriate intakes ofbothvitamins and minerals (eg. calcium, magnesium and potassium).

PL

Wprowadzenie. Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe to najczęstsza przyczyna zgonów w Polsce. Na rozwój tych schorzeń wpływa wiele czynników, m.in.: otyłość, palenie papierosów czy brak aktywności fizycznej. Spośród czynników żywieniowych do najważniejszych przyczyn należą ilość i rodzaje kwasów tłuszczowych, zbyt niskie spożycie błonnika pokarmowego oraz owoców i warzyw, a przez to przede wszystkim witamin antyoksydacyjnych. Cel. Celem badań była ocena sposobu żywienia grupy mężczyzn z chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi. Materiał i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 95 mężczyzn z chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi w wieku od 30 do 90 lat. Oceny sposobu żywienia dokonano na podstawie 3-dniowego bieżącego notowania. Obliczono wartość energetyczną całodziennych racji pokarmowych badanych a także udział białek, węglowodanów i tłuszczu w dostarczaniu energii. Określono także wielkość spożycia wybranych składników mineralnych i witamin. Wyniki. Zaledwie u 18% badanych stwierdzono prawidłową wartość wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI), u pozostałych osób stwierdzono nadwagę lub otyłość. Podaż energii z całodzienną racją pokarmową była zbyt niska i wynosiła średnio 1582 kcal/ os/d, a udział tłuszczu (36%) i białka (19%) w dostarczaniu energii był zbyt wysoki. Średnie spożycie cholesterolu, błonnika oraz owoców i warzyw wynosiło: 251 mg/os/d, 19 g/os/d oraz 608 g/os/d. Znacząca liczba osób badanych spożywała niewystarczające ilości składników mineralnych (głównie wapnia, potasu i magnezu) oraz witamin (przede wszystkim A, B1 i B2). Wnioski. Szczególną uwagę wśród osób z chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi należy zwrócić na prawidłowe spożycie energii oraz udział energii z białek, węglowodanów i tłuszczu w diecie, jak też na prawidłowe spożycie składników mineralnych takich jak Ca, Mg i K oraz witamin, w tym antyoksydacyjnych.

19

Drying kinetics, water activity, shrinkage and texture of walnut kernels

63%

Figiel A. , Kita A.

|

2008

|

tom 11

|

nr 1[156]

20

Human studies of nutritional and environmental impacts of minerals using pig models

63%

Krasucki W. , Mroz Z.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 3 Suppl.

48-50