Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Practitioner from Instrument: Metonymy in Names for Physicians in the History of English

100%

Toupin F.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

|

nr 27/2

103-125

XX

I focus here on several names for the physician in the history of English, which I suggest have metonymically evolved from names of medical instruments. I will fi rst briefl y discuss the importance of metonymy in semantic change, and indicate the theoretical background of my analysis (section 2). The lexical items will be reviewed, and their use in context exemplifi ed (section 3). I will look into the reasons for metonymization, and make a case for pejoration, a downward move in evaluative attitude on the part of a speech community. To substantiate this claim, cultural arguments will be put forward, and the types of contexts which fi rst made the meaning ‘physician’ accessible will be suggested (section 4).

2

Was kann uns schwache sprachliche Synästhesie über „starke synästhetische Metapher“ sagen? Schwache vs. starke Synästhesie im Deutschen und deren Problemstellen veranschaulicht am Beispiel des Lexems Freude

100%

Staniewski P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

|

nr 19

303-326

EN

Synaesthesia is undoubtedly a very complicated and complex phenomenon. Regarding its nature and definition, it poses a wide variety of difficulties not only from the neurocognitive but especially from the linguistic perspective. Both, the weak and strong linguistic synaesthesias are generally considered as metaphors. The first part of the paper aims at presenting at first the types of synaesthesia and some problematic issues with its definition from the neurocognitive perspective. Subsequently, various approaches to the linguistic-conceptual nature of synaesthesia as well as related problematic theoretical and analytical questions are discussed; especially those pertaining to regarding synaesthesia as a metaphor (much more seldom is this phenomenon interpreted as metonymy, metaphor or neither of them). It has been shown that from the theoretical point of view the weak linguistic synaesthesia can unequivocally be classified as a metaphor. Similar unambiguous categorisation in the case of strong linguistic synaesthesia is questionable. Based on the analysis of the co-ocurrences of the lexeme Freude in corpus, the second part of the paper demonstrates that even seemingly uncomplicated instances of weak synaesthesia turn out to be puzzling and pose some problems in terms of their interpretation. Depending on the contextual embedding, they can be viewed as metaphors or metonymies (of different types). This leads to the following conclusion: if the weak linguistic synaesthesia cannot unequivocally be seen as a metaphor, it is much less possible to classify the strong linguistic synaesthesia generally as a metaphor. In such a complex domain as perception, the contextual embedding is of fundamental importance for the categorisation of the synaesthetic expression.

3

Principle of pithiness in US prison slang

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Dziedzic-Rawska A.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

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2017

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tom 41

|

nr 2

DE

Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.

EN

The present paper introduces ‘the principle of pithiness’ in US prison slang, which assumes that, in order to communicate successfully, prisoners need to use language that is terse and vigorously expressive. Such function is served by figurative language as it is rich in meaning, emotional content, and, simultaneously, is economical in form. Using prison-specific metaphors and metonymies, prisoners provide new quality: without the thorough study of the prison context prison slang is esoteric to the outsider. Therefore, the paper is also a voice for integrating linguistic analysis with that of the context (cf. Kövecses 2015).

FR

Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.

RU

Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.

4

Non-Commercial Advertisements: Multimodal Metaphor, Metonymy and Conceptual Blending at Work

100%

Ikere Z. , Oļehnoviča I. , Liepa S.

Research in Language

|

2021

|

tom 19

|

nr 3

305-314

EN

Nowadays the omnipresence of advertisements, and the necessity of conscious and subconscious mental interpretation of their hidden messages, can hardly be overlooked. In the present article, the authors attempt to provide additional evidence for the role of multimodal metaphor, metonymy, and conceptual blending in hidden cognitive mechanisms involved in the understanding and/or the correct interpretation of printed non-commercial advertisements and their overall communicative effect thus brought about. The objective is to consider and analyse text-image non-commercial advertisements randomly retrieved from the Internet; the analysis is carried out from the cognitive perspective and aims at discussing the functions of multimodal metaphor, metonymy and conceptual blending as powerful mechanisms exploited for creative purposes in advertising texts and accompanying images, and thus in conveying the central ideas embedded in the adverts.

5

Zakłócenia w dziedzinie podobieństwa w komunikacji językowej osób z autyzmem - i co z tego wynika

100%

Kominek A.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

|

2014

|

nr 18

55-68

EN

The paper refers to Roman Jakobson's famous work on the bipolar nature of language, Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Distrubances. Every user of language leads a discourse, or discourses, by continuously switching between metaphor and metonymy, i.e. between imaging by similarity and focusing on contiguity. Jakobson observed that different types of aphasia are located between two polar types. In the first type, the relation of similarity disappears; in the second, the relation of contiguity. Metaphor is alien to the disturbance in the sphere of similarity; metonymy to the disturbance in the sphere of contiguity. Autistic persons do not understand metaphors, though the relation of contiguity remains undisturbed; this leads to specific cognitive consequences. The observations made in this paper require further detailed studies.

6

On the status of “attestation adverbials” in bipolar questions

100%

Bogusławski A.

Linguistica Copernicana

|

2023

|

tom 19

33-40

CS

Autor se zabývá zvláštní třídou výrazů, která byla zjíštěná Danielevičovou (2012) jakožto „attestation adverbials”. Možný příklad této třídy: On je určitě blbec. Autor siklade otázku: jak se chovají takové výrazy v bipolárných otázkách? Výrok je sledující. Za a, primárně, takové otázky jsou nenormativní, stejně jako věty s hypotetickými výrazy typu zřejmě, sr. * Zdali A zřejmě zavrażdil B? / * Zdali on je určitě blbec?. Za b, sekundárně, takové otázky jsou oprávněny jako metonymické útvary spojující objektivní určení s narážkou, że se někdo vyjádřil k příslušné alternativě nejen objevují, že ‘je tomu takto [on je blbec]’, nýbrž taky (pomoci adverbiála určitě), že její zhodnocení je nesporné, sr. Zdali on je, jako řekl Honda, určitě blbec?.

EN

The author addresses the properties of the special category of expressions established by Danielewiczowa (2012) and labeled by her “attestation adverbials”. A possible example of the category: He is definitely crazy. The question which the author tries to answer reads: how do expressions of that category fare in bipolar questions?His answer is as follows. On the one hand, primarily, such questions are deviant, on a par with questions embracing hypotheticals like probably, cf. * Has A probably murdered B? / * Is he definitely crazy?.On the other hand, secondarily, such questions are acceptable as metonymical utterances where a demand to receive an objective assertion is combined with a presupposition that someone had claimed not only that ‘such is the case [he is crazy]’, but also (by using the adverbial definitely), that her evaluation was unquestionable, cf. Is he, as Smith said, definitely crazy?.

7

Simpatías por el Mal: El discurso persuasivo en “Sympathy for the Devil” de los Rolling Stones y “Jesucristo García” de Extremoduro

100%

Gregori i Gomis A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

|

2010

|

tom 37

|

nr 1

99-115

EN

Dealing with discourses produced in Contemporary Popular Music, it is usual in contemporary youth’s imaginary to find rock considered as metonymic with authenticity, remaining as a movement an outstanding extension of Romanticism. Then, when drawing out its motifs from Satanism, successful rock lyrics need a rhetorical stylization in order to construct persuading songs beyond traditional morals. The main goal of this article is to analyze and compare this kind of stylization in Rolling Stones’s Sympathy for the Devil and Jesucristo García, written by the Spanish band Extremoduro, taking them both as examples of popularized dramatic monologues that present the topic of attraction of Evil performed by devilish figures.

8

A multimodal perspective on metaphors and metonymies in art: A case study of the artwork Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz

100%

Dąbrowska D.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

|

2016

|

tom 13

EN

The article is a semiotic study of the artistic installation Agora designed by a famous Polish sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz, based on the theoretical grounds of Cognitive Semantics. Metaphor and metonymy are conceptual processes whose communicative function is discussed in the paper, in particular, their role in deciphering possible meanings of the artwork. The paper also demonstrates how the multimodal analysis of the verbo-visual material can give rise to diverse interpretations of the figures.

9

The role of metonymy in Czech word-formation

100%

Janda L. A.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

|

2010

|

tom 71

|

nr 4

260-274

EN

This article explores the role of metonymic semantic relationships in the derivation of words via suffixation in Czech. Most scholarly work on metonymy has focused on the use of one word to substitute for another word, as when we say redhead to refer to a whole person. A similar semantic relationship is present when we form a word like břicháč ‘person with a (big) belly’ from the noun břicho ‘belly’. However, scholarly work on word-formation has not explored these metonymic semantic relationships. This study analyzes a database of 562 types of suffixal formations in Czech, where each type represents a unique combination of metonymic relationship, word-class, and suffix. This analysis not only demonstrates parallels between substitutional and word-formational metonymy, but shows that the metonymic relationships in word-formation are more diverse than in substitution. Asymmetries in these relationships are also explored, showing for example that actions are generally more salient than the participants and the setting, and that parts are more salient than wholes. The design of this study can be extended to analyze the word-formation systems of other languages and thus facilitate cross-linguistic comparisons.

10

Expressing Ethnic Stereotypes from the Perspective of Anthropological Linguistics on the Basis of Attributive Ethnonyms

88%

Marcin K. , Aleksandra R. K.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2019

|

tom 8

149-155

EN

This article aims at analyzing the linguistic aspect of ethnicity from the perspective of anthropological linguistics (Fedorak 2017). We interpret an ethnic stereotype as an idealized cognitive model (ICM) consisting of metonymic submodels containing properties stereotypically attributed to a given ethnic group. Each of the subset models can serve as a basis for creating an attributive ethnonym, i.e. an ethnic name that refers to a particular attribute assigned to the target group. Although contemporary attributive ethnonyms are mostly seen as dysphemisms, it is ultimately context—taking into account situational, social and cultural determinants—that determines their axiological charge.

11

Visual Metaphtonymy in Automobile Femvertising

88%

Chatti S.

Research in Language

|

2020

|

tom 18

|

nr 4

421-439

EN

In a 2017 landmark reform, Saudi authorities decided to lift the ban on women driving in this conservative society. In tribute to women's newly-gained freedom to drive, major automakers turned to Twitter to launch creative femvertising campaigns that vividly articulate the female empowering motto 'driving is feminine'. Building on the eloquence of visual rhetoric, which combines the communicative force of figurative language with the expressive potential of visual imagery, automobile advertisers resorted to visual metaphtonymy to efficiently target prospective female consumers. The selection of this visual compound, which emerges from the intricate interplay between metaphor and metonymy, allows for a dynamic interaction between the highlighting function of metonymy and the mapping role of metaphoric thought to establish informed parallels between femininity and automobility. Analysis of survey data on the likeability, complexity and effectiveness of a representative sample of four digital automobile advertisements asserts the role and value of visual metaphtontonymy in automobile femvertising.

12

Pasażerowie w tajnym języku personelu pokładowego

88%

Kopecka B. M.

Acta Neophilologica

|

2020

|

tom XXII/2

29-40

EN

This article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of terms referring to air passengers in the language of flight attendants. The term secret language denotes a subsection of the aviation slang used by cabin crews to communicate information meant not to be understood by passengers. The analysis, aiming at discovering the motivation for the creation of such terms, focuses on the role of metaphor and metonymy. Metaphor and metonymy are treated in accordance with the assumptions of cognitive linguistics.

13

Ilirizam i tumačenje snova: Gundulići Vlaha Bukovca

88%

Jukić T.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

|

2012

|

nr 2

EN

Given the prominent position in the Croatian cultural imagination of Vlaho Bukovac’s 1895 painting of the Illyrian Movement, this article argues that the later accounts of early to mid- 19th century Illyrian politics and literature remain contaminated, and structurally so, by Bukovac’s treatment of the visual. This visual contaminant then points to more general political and cultural practices in Austria-Hungary at the time, including psychoanalysis, not least where psychoanalysis addresses the scope of image and the phantasmatic. Analyzing three paintings where Bukovac takes up the subject of literature cum the phantasmatic alongside Freud’s 1908 study of „Der Dichter und das Phantasieren”, I propose that in both literature serves to indicate the political logic of metonymy or the metonymic logic of the political; furthermore, I show that Freud, unlike Bukovac, fails to sustain this logic precisely in places where he sets out to classify wishes.

HR

Given the prominent position in the Croatian cultural imagination of Vlaho Bukovac’s 1895 painting of the Illyrian Movement, this article argues that the later accounts of early to mid- 19th century Illyrian politics and literature remain contaminated, and structurally so, by Bukovac’s treatment of the visual. This visual contaminant then points to more general political and cultural practices in Austria-Hungary at the time, including psychoanalysis, not least where psychoanalysis addresses the scope of image and the phantasmatic. Analyzing three paintings where Bukovac takes up the subject of literature cum the phantasmatic alongside Freud’s 1908 study of „Der Dichter und das Phantasieren”, I propose that in both literature serves to indicate the political logic of metonymy or the metonymic logic of the political; furthermore, I show that Freud, unlike Bukovac, fails to sustain this logic precisely in places where he sets out to classify wishes.

14

Cognitive Metaphors of the Mind in "The Canterbury Tales"

88%

Wawrzyniak A.

Research in Language

|

2014

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

49-60

EN

The paper presents an analysis of a number of cognitive metaphors pertaining to the concept of mind (e.g. sanity and insanity), heart, and fire. The study has been based on the text of Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The paper contains a short theoretical introduction and a discussion of different linguistic and psychological approaches to issues related to figurative and literal, conventional language use. The analytical part focuses on the detailed contextual study of the cognitive metaphorical concepts. It is argued that many apparently similar concepts can evoke semantically conflicting metaphors, while concepts that appear to be mutually exclusive can sometimes evoke common associations and thereby similar metaphors.

15

The Rhetorical Turn in Anthropology

88%

Mokrzan M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2014

|

tom 101

|

nr 1

1-18

EN

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological considerations as well as the partical application of two incarnations of the rhetorical turn in socio-cultural anthropology. Rhetorical turn is understood as a linguistic and constructivist turn, which marks a substantial part of contemporary thinking in the social sciences and humanities.

16

WYBRANE METONIMIE POJĘCIOWE W DOMENIE RADOŚCI WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM JĘZYKU CHIŃSKIM

88%

Grych K.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

|

2023

|

nr 3-4 (287-288)

167-178

XX

The purpose of this article is to present the phenomenon of metonymy in Mandarin Chinese using the example of emotion. After introducing the theory that explains what metonymy is and how it is understood in contrast to metaphor, examples of metonymic expressions realizing conceptual metonymy for the domain of emotion and, more narrowly, joy are presented. The starting point is the assumption of cognitive linguistics that the language and the conceptual system are in a relationship, and that the mental mechanism linking them allows to describe reality and understand it according to a subjective interpretation of the world. The examples presented in this article will show how emotions are conceptualized in Chinese.

17

Poza strukturą. Metonimia i tradycyjne obrazy w eposach Homera

88%

Soliński J.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2020

|

tom 10

223-235

EN

The article discusses the question of traditional images in Greek epic poetry, which are based on metonymy, coexisting with themes and type-scenes and stabilising the epic song. Firstly, I present a sketch of oral theory, originally presented by M. Parry and A. Lord. Secondly, I deal with the question of the type-scenes in Homeric epics and Russian oral epic songs—the middle element of A. Lord’s oral song structure. After that, I move on to cognitive theory and its application to Homeric epics, especially in the matter of cognitive scripts as a basis for the construction of type-scenes. Furthermore, I connect cognitive theory with M. Nagler’s Gestalt, A. N. Sabynin’s DRK-structures and J.M. Foley’s traditional referentiality, which are based on a metonymy. On that basis, I present some examples of traditional images of “house” in the Odyssey, which consist of recurrent elements, such as “megaron,” “bedroom,” “wife,” “children,” etc. The singer evokes the traditional image of the “house” using metonymy. The analysis of examples reveals that these images, regardless of the exact words used by the singer, are stable—just as the type-scenes built on M. Clark’s basic scaffolding.

18

Patterns of metaphor-metonymy interaction in animal-specific complex lexical units

88%

Kiełtyka R. , Kiełtyka R.

Linguistica Silesiana

|

2019

|

tom 40

19

Indirect directives in recipes: a cross-linguistic perspective

88%

Brdar-Szabó R. , Brdar M.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

|

2009

|

tom 5

|

nr 1

107-131

EN

The present paper is intended as a cross-linguistic study of the range of possible realizations of instructional speech acts as a special type of directives, as realized in the domain of cooking recipes. Even a cursory comparison of orders as directive speech acts across languages brings to light an extreme degree of variation concerning their formal realization. While imperatives are virtually the only possibility in English, a contrastive linguistic perspective reveals that other construction types are attested in other languages, instead, or in addition to the imperative. The central goal of the present paper is to shed light on the motives for these intralingual and interlingual similarities. The data from Germanic, Romance, Slavic languages, and Hungarian are analyzed against the background of the speech-act scenario model, and then discussed with the help of two cultural models of HELP, which are claimed to provide the basis for the motivation of the cross-linguistic distribution of various constructions.

20

A cognitive and corpus-based study of the connotative potential of the adjectives czerwony ‘red’ and czarny ‘black’ in modern Polish political discourse

88%

Awier M.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

|

2021

|

tom 10

7-20

EN

The paper discusses metaphorical and metonymic extensions of the adjectives czerwony ‘red’ and czarny ‘black’. The connotative potential of red and black colour collocations is analyzed and discussed. Red and black collocations were excerpted from the two largest corpora, i.e. NKJP and MoncoPL. All colour citations are analysed in the framework of discourse analysis and conceptual metaphor and metonymy. The analysis indicates that extralinguistic factors (i.e. social, political and historical events) motivate the emergence of red and black colour collocations in modern Polish discourse.