Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Z badań nad trudnościami studentów w rozumieniu pojęcia miary i całki

100%

Powązka Z.

|

2012

|

tom 4

139-154

PL

Measurement is an important form of human activity. It appears at all levels of secondary school education, while discussing the length of a segment, the area of a plane figure and the volume of a solid. The definition of a measure, understood as a non-negative real function defined on a σ-field of set of a space, is taught during the classes on mathematical analysis. It is observed that the concept of measurement causes great difficulties to students. This paper presents the results of research on students' difficulties in understanding and using the basic concept of measure theory and integral. The research conducted in years 2006-2009 shed some light on the causes of those difficulties. The study involved students of the third year of the Mathematics Department at the Pedagogical University of Krakow.

2

Przykłady zagadnień z różnych działów matematyki niezbędnych do studiowania teorii miary

100%

Chronowski A. , Powązka Z.

|

2012

|

tom 4

31-60

PL

In the education of mathematicians, including teachers of mathematics, the measure theory plays an important role. From the experience in and research on teaching the measure theory it follows that on of the important reasons why students encounter difficulties in the subject is their insufficient ability to apply their knowledge of other branches of mathematics, especially of the set theory and topology. In this article we propose a series of problem analyses and exercises aimed at preparing students to study the measure theory, especially to understand the proofs of theorems on properties of the measure, including the Lebesgue measure. Most of these problems and exercises are presented with solutions, outlines of solutions, hints, didactic remarks and comments. In this paper we point out, in a practical way, the significance of active reading of mathematical texts and skilful use of mathematical literature. This article is dedicated to both students of mathematics and their academic teachers.

3

Możliwości pomiaru efektywności procesów w administracji publicznej z wykorzystaniem metod taksonomicznych

100%

Ludwiczak A.

|

2014

|

nr 1(18)

38-49

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the possibilities of measuring the efficiency of processes in public administration offices in the context of quality management systems which operate in them and which are conformable to the requirements of BS EN ISO 9001:2009. The first part of the paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of processes. Next, the article describes the results of the diagnosis implementation of measurement processes studied in marshal offices, for the analysis of these processes effectiveness. The study involved three selected marshals’ offices having implemented a quality management system complied with the requirements of ISO 9001. In these units a self-assessment based on the guidelines of ISO 9004, unstructured interviews with proxies for the quality management system and in-depth documentation studies were conducted. Studies showed an insufficient preparation of these units to measure the effectiveness of processes, including the implementation processes of administrative services. In the final part taxonomic meters are proposed to measure the effectiveness of processes .

4

Microcracks in granitoids of the Aldan shield and its еffect on mechanical properties

100%

Efremov V. V.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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tom Vol. 41, no. 1

75

EN

Rock jointing is a ubiquitous feature of rocks. Joints are formed at the moment of rock creation and also later in response to e.g. tectonic stress or uplift. In engineering geology the intensity of jointing is a particular measure of rock quality, as it largely defines the mechanical properties of rocks i.e. in respect to its suitability as building ground.Archean granites of the Elkon deposit, situated in the Aldan shield (South Yakutia, Russia), where chosen as the object of research. Microcracks of petrogenetic (formed due to magma cooling and crystallization) and tectonic origin have been observed in the rocks and the main goal was to analyze t he ef fect of microcracks on rock strength and deformation. Density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the rocks were determined according to standard approaches (Sergeev 1984). Elastic constants were determined with two methods: 1) calculated from the measured wave velocities and the bulk density (dynamic testing), and 2) unconfined compressive loading and stressstrain curve (static testing). Micro jointing has been explored by various research methods, such as: 1) macroscopic description of polished microsections, 2) examination of polished microsections with reflected light optical microscopy, 3) examination of polished microsections with fluorescent luminophore saturation. Acquired images of polished microsections were used to calculate the joint hollowness coefficient. It was calculated as a ratio between square of joints and total square of polished section. According to the joint hollowness coefficient rock samples were classified as moderately and intensely jointed. It was observed, that the higher joining rate, the lower ultimate uniaxial compressive strength. This tendency is controlled by t he presence of sliding surfaces which were formed due to tectonic movement and also microfractures in crystals. The elastic modulus also decreases with an increase of the rock jointing rate. It should be noted, that dynamic elastic modulus is higher than the static by 2.5–3 times. The effect of rock jointing on the dynamic elastic modulus is explained by the abundance of open cracks – in the case of the open cracks shear-waves attenuate and primary waves slow down considerably. For the statistic elastic modulus, the loading of the sample leads to the closing of rock joint surfaces, thus increasing the inelastic (residual) strain component. Residual strain displayed inversely proportional dependence with uniaxial compressive strength.

5

O badaniach nad kształtowaniem się u studentów matematyki podstawowych pojęć analizy matematycznej

100%

Powązka Z.

|

2013

|

tom 5

105-119

PL

This paper is a reflection on the process of forming the basic concepts of mathematical analysis in students. These studies were conducted in the years 2002-2011 and they coincided with the period of major educational reforms in our country. These reforms had an impact on the level of Mathematics teaching in various schools and on anticipatory preparing of young people to study this subject. Thus, this work is an attempt to summarize the results of the already described various stages of the research. The first part contains the answer to the question about the role of the content of this subject in the mathematical preparation of future teachers of Mathematics. In next parts, examples of introducing selected concepts of mathematical analysis are presented and thereafter conclusions from the carried-out research are formulated.

6

O badaniach nad kształtowaniem się u studentów matematyki podstawowych pojęć analizy matematycznej

100%

Powązka Z.

|

2013

|

tom 5

105-119

EN

This paper is a reflection on the process of forming the basic concepts of mathematical analysis in students. These studies were conducted in the years 2002-2011 and they coincided with the period of major educational reforms in our country. These reforms had an impact on the level of Mathematics teaching in various schools and on anticipatory preparing of young people to study this subject. Thus, this work is an attempt to summarize the results of the already described various stages of the research. The first part contains the answer to the question about the role of the content of this subject in the mathematical preparation of future teachers of Mathematics. In next parts, examples of introducing selected concepts of mathematical analysis are presented and thereafter conclusions from the carried-out research are formulated.

7

Simple fractions and linear decomposition of some convolutions of measures

100%

Misiewicz J. , Cooke R.

Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

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2001

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tom 21

|

nr 2

149-157

EN

Every characteristic function φ can be written in the following way: φ(ξ) = 1/(h(ξ) + 1), where h(ξ) = ⎧ 1/φ(ξ) - 1 if φ(ξ) ≠ 0 ⎨ ⎩ ∞ if φ(ξ) = 0 This simple remark implies that every characteristic function can be treated as a simple fraction of the function h(ξ). In the paper, we consider a class C(φ) of all characteristic functions of the form $φ_{a}(ξ) = [a/(h(ξ) + a)]$, where φ(ξ) is a fixed characteristic function. Using the well known theorem on simple fraction decomposition of rational functions we obtain that convolutions of measures $μ_{a}$ with $μ̂_{a}(ξ) = φ_{a}(ξ)$ are linear combinations of powers of such measures. This can simplify calculations. It is interesting that this simplification uses signed measures since coefficients of linear combinations can be negative numbers. All the results of this paper except Proposition 1 remain true if we replace probability measures with complex valued measures with finite variation, and replace the characteristic function with Fourier transform.

8

Psychometric Evaluation of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale

88%

Wnuk M.

Central European Management Journal

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2020

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tom 28(3)

149-167

EN

Purpose: Gratitude is an interdisciplinary concept frequently explored in positive psychology, which recognizes gratitude as one of the seven transcendent character forces that promote well-being and life satisfaction. The purpose of the conducted research was to develop the concept of gratitude toward the organization and prepare a tool to study this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Participants were 802 employees from various organizations. Results: The Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale has a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α was 0.91). Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of this tool. The dimensions of gratitude toward the organization are distinguished as: (1) gratitude as a commitment to reciprocity and (2) gratitude as a moral norm. The construct validity of this measure was confirmed. Gratitude toward the organization correlated positively with job satisfaction, affective commitment to the organization, organizational justice, and perceived organizational and supervisor support, while being negatively correlated with intent to leave the organization. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm very good psychometric properties of the Gratitude Toward the Organization Scale as a valid and reliable measure for studying the gratitude of employees, which can be successfully used by researchers in Poland.

9

Turkish cross-cultural adaptation of Pediatric Transition Experience Measure

88%

Kurt A. , Dinç F. , Güneş Şan E.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2024

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tom 22

|

nr 2

320-326

EN

Introduction and aim. The period immediately after leaving the hospital is known as the transition home, which presents a critical time for parents to take on all the responsibilities and care of a child without the support of the hospital environment. The purpose of this study is to culturally adapt the Pediatric Transition Experience Measure (P-TEM) instrument into Turkish and test its validity and reliability. Material and methods. We conducted this methodological study with parents of children who were discharged from the hospital between May 2021 and May 2022. We evaluated linguistic, content, construct, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results. The P-TEM exhibited a two-factor structure and accounted for 65% of the overall variability. The internal consistency reliability for the transition preparation and transition support subdimensions was 0.779 and 0.793, respectively, while the total measure had a reliability of 0.831. The item-total correlations for the P-TEM ranged from 0.493 to 0.671. Parents who received the highest P-TEM scores experienced a 5.1-point improvement (95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 8.6) in their satisfaction with healthcare services, which was greater than that of parents who reported lower P-TEM scores. Conclusion. It is worth noting that the P-TEM has been validated and has high reliability in Türkiye.

10

The Polish adaptation of the unidimensional target-neutral scale of commitment (K.U.T.-PL)

88%

Turek D. , Wojtczuk-Turek A. , Klein H. J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2023

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tom 54

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nr 2

124-135

EN

The Klein et al. Unidimensional Target neutral (K.U.T.) commitment measure is a promising short self-report measure forming a counterpoint to the popular multidimensional approach to the assessment of commitment. The goals of the present study were to examine the construct reliability, convergent, discriminant, an incremental validity; and the measurement invariance (sex, education, job position) of the Polish version of K.U.T. The scale was evaluated using a sample of adults working for Polish organizations. Confirmatory factor analyses confirm original structure of the K.U.T.-PL and its measurement reliability and validity. Moreover, performed analysis showed that K.U.T.-PL was invariant across sex, education, and job position group. In conclusion, the findings confirm that the Polish adaptation of the K.U.T. presents solid psychometric properties and initial evidence of validity.

11

Entropy as a measure of mixedupness of realizations in child speech

88%

Babatsouli E. , Ingram D. , Sotiropoulos D. A.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2016

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tom 52

|

nr 4

605-627

EN

Typical morpho-phonological measures of children’s speech realizations used in the literature depend linearly on their components. Examples are the proportion of consonants correct, the mean length of utterance and the phonological mean length of utterance. Because of their linear dependence on their components, these measures change in proportion to their component changes between speech realizations. However, there are instances in which variable speech realizations need to be differentiated better. Therefore, a measure which is more sensitive to its components than linear measures is needed. Here, entropy is proposed as such a measure. The sensitivity of entropy is compared analytically to that of linear measures, deriving ranges in component values inside which entropy is guaranteed to be more sensitive than the linear measures. The analysis is complemented by computing the entropy in two children’s English speech for different categories of word complexity and comparing its sensitivity to that of linear measures. One of the children is a bilingual typically developing child at age 3;0 and the other child is a monolingual child with speech sound disorders at age 5;11. The analysis and applications demonstrate the usefulness of the measure for evaluating speech realizations and its relative advantages over linear measures.

12

Metrologiczne aspekty diagnozowania

88%

Olchowik W.

Diagnostyka

|

2006

|

tom nr 2(38)

167-170

PL

W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy wpływu niepewności pomiaru na wiarygodność diagnozy przy założeniach, że przedział dopuszczalnych wartości badanego sygnału jest ściśle określony a wszystkie relacje pomiędzy wynikiem badania a diagnozą eksploatacyjną są jednoznaczne.

EN

This article contains analyses of the influence the measurement's uncertainty on the reliability diagnoses assuming that: the range of allowed values measured signal is determined, all relations between the result of measurements and diagnosis are unequivocal.

13

A New Probabilistic Approach for Fractal Based Image Compression

88%

Mitra S. K. , Kundu M. K. , Murthy C. A. , Bhattacharya B. B. , Acharya T.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2008

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tom Vol. 87, nr 3-4

417-433

EN

Approximation of an image by the attractor evolved through iterations of a set of contractive maps is usually known as fractal image compression. The set of maps is called iterated function system (IFS). Several algorithms, with different motivations, have been suggested towards the solution of this problem. But, so far, the theory of IFS with probabilities, in the context of image compression, has not been explored much. In the present article we have proposed a new technique of fractal image compression using the theory of IFS and probabilities. In our proposed algorithm, we have used a multiscaling division of the given image up to a predetermined level or up to that level at which no further division is required. At each level, the maps and the corresponding probabilities are computed using the gray value information contained in that image level and in the image level higher to that level. A fine tuning of the algorithm is still to be done. But, the most interesting part of the proposed technique is its extreme fastness in image encoding. It can be looked upon as one of the solutions to the problem of huge computational cost for obtaining fractal code of images.

14

A method based on fuzzy system for assessing the reliability of software based aspects

88%

Zavvar M. , Ramezani F.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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tom Vol. 9, nr 27

143--148

EN

In fact, reliability as the qualities metric is the probability success or the probability that a system or a set of tasks will work without failure for a specified constraints of time and space, as specified in the design and operating conditions specified temperature, humidity, vibration and action. A relatively new methodologies for developing complex software systems engineering is an aspect oriented software systems, that provides the new methods for the separation of concerns multiple module configuration or intervention and automatic integration them with a system. In this paper, a method using fuzzy logic to measure software reliability based on the above aspects is presented. The proposed approach regarding the use of appropriate metrics and low errors in the estimation of reliability has a better performance than other methods.

15

Chosen mathematics concepts and their understanding by students of early school education ‒ the concept of measure and measurement

88%

Żądło-Treder J.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

|

2019

|

tom 580(5)

59-76

EN

The early school education stage is a particularly important period, in which the child has possibility to confront colloquial and formal knowledge. An important area of such confrontation is the so-called practical information and skills, including the concept of measure and measuring ability. At the elementary level the child passes from colloquial knowledge of measurement to formal knowledge and starts to understand the interrelationships between various measures. One of the basic threats in shaping the concept of measure in children is too early formalization of knowledge. The article presents the results of the pilot studies regarding the understanding by 7‒9 year old children the sense of measuring continuous magnitudes such as: length, volume, mass, time, temperature and surface area. On the basis of the results, it was found that the most difficulties for children is to measure mass, volume and surface area. Basically, the studied group does not understand the importance of balance on the beam balance, so they cannot determine the result of mass measurement. Based on the observation it was noticed that children mostly associate the measuring activity with length and special tools. They are not aware that we can measure with any chosen units and that we can measure different continuous magnitudes.

16

Development of a Tool for Measuring Adverse Health Effects Due to Digital Textbook Use

88%

Noh W. , Seomun G.

The New Educational Review

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2018

|

tom 52

86-100

EN

This study developed a tool for measuring adverse health effects in students who use digital textbooks. The study tool was aimed at 690 sixth-graders who had used digital textbooks for more than a year in schools taking part in the nationwide digital textbook pilot program. We determined the validity and reliability of the tool. The tool for measuring adverse health effects of digital textbooks consisted of a total of 22 items, including 13 on physical symptoms and 10 on psychological symptoms. For the physical symptoms, two factors – whole body/musculoskeletal symptoms and eye symptoms – were extracted. For the psychological symptoms, the two assessed factors included negative and positive psychological symptoms. This tool will not only be helpful in preventing and managing adverse health effects of digital textbook use by identifying various physical and psychological symptoms, but will also be useful as a basis for the expansion of digital textbooks.

17

Wybrane narzędzia do pomiaru rezyliencji (resilience) wśród dzieci i młodzieŜy

87%

Junik W.

|

2016

|

nr 41

335-358

EN

The interest in research in resilience among children and adolescents from risk groups is rising. Resilience is a multifactorial process of positive adaptation during which risk factors are reduced or compensated by protective factors. The measure of resilience requires research tools which satisfy certain psychometric standards. Many tools which satisfy these requirements already exist in the world; some are already used in many different cultures. There is a deficiency of resilience measuring instruments in our country. No local ones have been created and not many foreign have been adapted in Poland. That is the reason this article presents characteristics and psychometric properties of a few selected scales used to measure resilience and resiliency of children and adolescents. The selection of the tools has been done with use of Google Scholar Database, EBSCO Database and on the grounds of analysis of foreign resilience tool reviews.

18

Wyniki wstępnej walidacji polskiej wersji Skali Tolerancji Niejednoznaczności Wielorakich Typów Bodźców

75%

Lachowska B. , Ludwikowska K.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

|

2017

|

tom 20

|

nr 4

855-894

PL

Opracowanie stanowi prezentację polskiej wersji the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II), opracowanego przez D. L. McLaina, krótkiego, składającego się z 13 stwierdzeń, narzędzia pomiaru mieszczącej się w zakresie od awersji do przyciągania orientacji po-znawczej jednostki wobec bodźców złożonych, nieznanych i nierozwiązywalnych. Celem badania było określenie trafności i rzetelności skali. Wzięło w nim udział 303 studentów pierwszego roku studiów, będących w wieku od 17 do 24 lat, w tym 234 kobiety i 69 mężczyzn. Zdecydowano się na wybór takiej grupy do badań, ponieważ znaczenie tolerancji niejednoznaczności powinno być szczególnie duże w procesie adaptacji jednostki do wymagań sytuacji nowej i złożonej, jaką jest rozpoczęcie studiów. Konfirmacyjna analiza czynnikowa pozwoliła na potwierdzenie zakładanej jednoczynnikowej struktury modelu tolerancji niejednoznaczności. Stwierdzono ponadto umiarkowany pozytywny związek wyników tej skali z wynikami the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale (TAS) Hermana i współpracowników, przeznaczonej do badania tolerancji niejednoznaczności, oraz pozytywny związek z ekstrawersją, otwartością na doświadczenie, sumiennością, afektem pozytywnym i satysfakcją z życia, a także negatywny związek z neurotycznością i afektem negatywnym. Wyniki analiz ukazują, iż polska wersja the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale stanowi rzetelne (α Cronbacha = 0,85) narzędzie pomiaru tolerancji niejednoznaczności.

EN

This paper presents the Polish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II) developed by D. L. McLain: a short 13-item measure of an individual’s orientation, ranging from aversion to attraction, toward stimuli that are complex, unfamiliar, and insoluble. The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the scale. The participants in the study were 303 first-year students, aged 17 to 24: 234 women and 69 men. The authors chose this kind of sample because the significance of ambiguity tolerance should be particularly high in the case of the individual’s adaptation to the demands of a new and complex situation, such as the beginning of studies. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized one-factor structure of the model of ambiguity tolerance. The study also revealed a moderate positive relationship between MSTAT-II/PL scores and scores on the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale (TAS) by Herman and colleagues, measuring ambiguity tolerance; MSTAT-II/PL scores were positively related to extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, positive affect, and satisfaction with life, as well as negatively related to neuroticism and negative affect. The results obtained support the use of the Polish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale as a reliable (Cronbach’s α = .85) and valid measure of ambiguity tolerance.

19

Knowledge and artificial intelligence in virtual environment

75%

Kącki E.

Journal of Applied Computer Science

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2012

|

tom Vol. 20, nr 1

23-33

EN

The paper based on the definition of knowledge accepted in computer science proposes very simple concepts for measuring knowledge and its saturation level with artificial intelligence in virtual environment. The presented method based on cybernetic definition of algorithms takes three levels of algorithms into consideration adequate to elementary, secondary or university education of users in frame of defined specialization. It can be very useful and easy in application for knowledge in algorithms form and therefore it deals with knowledge in virtual environment. The paper also prerequisites for the origin of artificial intelligence and virtual knowledge and points out diffculties encountered when attempts to introduce scales and measures in this area are undertaken. In view of a tremendous variety of ways in which the artificial intelligence and virtual knowledge manifest themselves and a multiplicity of methods in which they can be represented, their measures and scales can only be of fuzzy character and thus must be burdened with imprecision.

20

Divergent Priors and Well Behaved Bayes Factors

75%

Strachan R. W. , van Dijk H. K.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

|

2014

|

nr 1