The urban form creates the city structure, whose spatial values not only shape the functionality of the city, but also its identity, whose the most important determinant is the urban tissue. The subject of the study is the analysis of selected historical areas of Cracow in the scope of composition and readability of their urban structure. The analysis focuses on the identification of the most important aspects of spatial renewal processes of these spaces. These processes aimed at strengthening their potential as local centres, that can become a factor stimulating the development of the individual urban units. The increase in the attractiveness and quality of public spaces will positively affect the degree of their perception by the inhabitants and the social relations taking place in them. This in turn, influences the degree of the social involvement in development processes and the creation of more or less spontaneous, bottom-up activities.
The polycentric structure of the city reflects the role of various stakeholders, public and private, in shaping the urban development and life quality. The paper investigates the role of the public and private sector in creation of the local centres in neighbourhoods, hubs concentrating the services and amenities indispensable for modern life. The analysis is based on the case study of the Ursynów district in Warsaw, designed and constructed mainly in the 1980s, but with several infrastructural, housing, and commercial investments realised after 1989. The study encompassed the location of local centres, their functions, and spatial forms. The findings demonstrate that both public and private sectors play intertwined and significant roles for the local centres and create a synergy effect in such areas. The results of the study also show the evolutionary nature of the local centres’ development. The main elements of the design persist, but the market-oriented economy and decentralised democratic institutions allowed them to continue the original plans, while making the local centres more attractive and richer function-wise than it was possible during the centrally-planned period.
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A smart city is a city which, with the use of modern technologies, manages all areas of its functioning in order to optimise results of its development, create new values based on the cultural heritage and natural resources. However, it should be remembered that people create a city; therefore, the technology accompanying the idea of a smart city is only a tool that will be used by society in the process of the development. This paper aims to present the implementation of the objectives of intelligent urban space in the context of the concept of smart growth and the smart city. The author focuses on the analysis of selected approaches to shaping the intelligent city space related to activities within smart environment (blue and green infrastructure) and smart people and lifestyle (activity nodes and local centres). A smart’ city creates intelligent space.
PL
Smart City to miasto, które dzięki wykorzystaniu nowoczesnych technologii zarządza wszystkimi dziedzinami funkcjonowania w celu optymalizacji działań, tworzenia nowych wartości oraz pomnażania dóbr i zasobów. Jednak trzeba cały czas mieć na uwadze, że miasto tworzą ludzie, dlatego technologia towarzysząca idei miasta inteligentnego stanowi jedynie „narzędzie”, które będzie wykorzystywane przez społeczeństwo. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie realizacji założeń inteligentnej przestrzeni miejskiej w kontekście idei inteligentnego rozwoju (smart growth) i inteligentnego miasta (smart city). Autorka koncentruje się na analizie wybranych kierunków kształtowania przestrzeni miasta związanych z działaniami w zakresie inteligentnego środowiska (błękitno-zielona infrastruktura) oraz inteligentnego społeczeństwa i stylu życia (węzły aktywności i centra lokalne). Inteligentne miasto tworzy inteligentną przestrzeń.
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