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EN
In this paper we investigate empirically the relationship between globalization and human development in post-transition countries using annual panel data for the 1971-2010 period. We show that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between globalization and human development in the case of unconditional regressions. This relationship remains positive and signifi-cant once the process of European and regional integration is controlled for. However, when differences in the level of economic development are taken into account the globalization variable loses its statistical significance.
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The modern world is characterized by rapid changes in all spheres of social life. These changes are amplified by extremely rapid dissemination of information, knowledge, values, tastes, and ideas from one society to another. Some values are invisible to the eye, other can be noticed quickly and easily. The result is a new cultural phenomena, which are called “civilization“ and “ the modern way of life.” To change the values and ideological climate in today’s world it is necessary to strengthen the role of humanitarian and moral culture. To do this, it is very important to teach people kindness and tolerance, as well as the ability to conduct intercultural dialogue while understanding common threats facing humanity today. One of the main means of solving these complex problems is the education system.
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Content available O wyrastaniu z pasji
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EN
In my paper, I analyse passion in the context of lifelong human development. The main concern is whether passion has to be one and steady, or whether it is possible to have various passions in life, or even many different passions at the same time? To answer my question, I refer myself to the psychology of human development and the psychology of interests, as well as to Robert J. Vallerand’s dualistic model of passion.
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Content available remote Systematic Review of the Bioecological Theory in Sport Sciences
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EN
The purpose of the present review was to provide an up-to-date summary of the bio ecological theory in sport literature. Systematic reviews can facilitate decision-making in areas where randomized control trials (RCTs) have not been performed or are inappropriate. In order to appreciate the status of current knowledge and understanding and to identify potential future directions, the authors conducted a synthesis of published work in sports science using a systematic-review methodology. Published since 1977, Bronfenbrenner's model of human development provided an ecological lens for identifying and synthesizing barriers to sport participation. From a search of electronic databases, findings comprised 1120 identified records, from which only 896 entries were considered. From these a total of 183 published studies relating to the bioecological theory and sports science were assessed, and from this point only articles pertaining to sport related issues were taken into consideration (n = 89) excluding other types of documents (n = 94). The Systematic Review (SR)develops upon these 89 articles and a total of 23 articles were selected for the fourth and final retrieval. A semi quantitative review protocol and standard quality assessment criteria-have dominated the research. The authors conclude by summarizing the key findings in the literature and highlighting the gaps that could be filled by future research.
EN
The purpose and result of the presented article is the identification and priority-setting for non-formal adult education in the context of human development indicators, based on analysis of existing global theories of human capital, human potential, human development: to monitor the educational needs of adults at all levels and in different social, age groups; to systematize current and future educational needs of adults and labour market destinations of job qualification and the development of relevant hard skills of adult learning and life qualification and soft skills development of adults; to explore the existing non-formal market of educational services in terms of demand customers, and positions proposals with providers; to justify by the example of separate regions of interaction of the enterprises and institutions with providers of non-formal education; to perform organizational, didactic and methodological principles of teaching adults in non-formal education; to prove the necessity of recognition of non-formal learning based on the justification of compliance with key professional competences and social recognition; to define the quality criteria for adult learning at all levels in terms of informal education and to systematize the criteria of quality of training of the individual and their impact on the leading indicators of human development in general. The leading research methods used in the article are: analysis, generalization, systematization of theoretical and statistical studies of different levels and practical experience. The practical importance of the findings of outlined objectives; prospects for their justification at certain levels: personal (nano) – the level of the individual; corporate (micro) – level of enterprises, institutions, other institutions and organizations; regional (meso) – level of industries, regions of different subordination; national (macro) level – the level of the country; continued use of these indicators for measuring the results of non-formal adult learning in the context of human development.
EN
The objects of research are indicators of human development in Kazakhstan from the moment of independence acquisition by the republic until today. The subject of scientific research is spatial-existential patterns of socio-demographic processes as a key factor of human potential development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The importance of scientific work is that the results permit to estimate the level of human development of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of socio-demographic processes. For the first time the basic indicators defining human potential in Kazakhstan have been studied in detail and systematized. The aim of the work is to define the laws of the spatial organization of human potential and its basic spatial analyses of human development of Kazakhstan. The database, created with the help of ArcGIS, allows to monitor the changes of human development level, to analyze, estimate and manage human potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Content available remote Is there a relationship between human development and dependence on fisheries?
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EN
International food and raw material security issueshas gained much more importance than ever. This studyexamines that the following questions ‘Who depends onwhom?’ and ‘What is the level of dependency?’ consideringrelationships between “fisheries context” (catch andaquaculture production, total fisheries export and import,fisheries export and import value, fish consumption percapita, and processed fisheries product) and humandevelopment of countries (as Human DevelopmentIndex-HDI). The overall result of the study pointed thatthe countries located in the highest categories in terms ofHDI were both export and import-dependent. The mostimportance levels of dependency for the Low DevelopedCountries (HDI < 0.550) were fish consumption, and totalimports; for Medium Developed Countries (0.550 ≤ HDI <0.699) were export value, exports, and catch production;for High Developed Countries (0.699 ≤ HDI <0.80) wastotal exports; for Very High Developed Countries-I (0.80≤ HDI < 0.900) was exports; and for Very High DevelopedCountries-II ( HDI ≥ 0.90) was import value. To improve thehuman development of the countries and maintain thefood security around the world, the following points couldbe suggested: i) to increase the aquaculture productionboth in inland and marine environments where possible,ii) for low and medium developed countries, instead of rawmaterial exporting, to support increasing the productioncapacity of processed fisheries products that have higherglobal market prices.
EN
Freedom manifests itself in many areas of social life as a necessary development factor. In economics, freedom is key to ensuring the basic principles of trade and business. In politics, freedom is unfettered exchange of ideas and actions, leading to the best choices authority and directions of social change. Freedom is also necessary for human development, in which individuals realize their life goals and aspirations. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the impact of freedom on the main areas of social life. It turns out that freedom is a necessary factor of socio-economic development that mobilizes individuals to act. On the other hand, the comprehensive process of socioeconomic development is in essence a process of expanding freedom.
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Content available remote The Sport for All Ideal: A Tool for Enhancing Human Capabilities and Dignity
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EN
Sport, as a child of modernity, is intertwined with typically modern elements, such as the search for universality, competition, and the fascination for measurement. As modernity is essentially defined, in legal and moral terms, as a search for universally grounded moral principles or basic human rights, modern sports are widely seen as a means to promote typically modern values such as dignity. This paper conceives of the term "dignity" in light of the capabilities approach upheld by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen. According to these authors, dignity is conferred according to certain human basic capabilities that we all are entitled to. This is the reason why this article explores how sport can be a tool for enhancing and exercising such human capabilities. In so doing, I shall argue that the Sport for All ideal provides us with a normative proposal to achieve such a task since it embodies the basic spirit and ethical goals of our modern society. Moreover, connecting the promotion of dignity to the capabilities approach will allow us not just to use sport as a means for development, but also to provide us with specific criteria to evaluate the impact of sport in the wider society regarding the promotion of people‘s dignity.
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The study was performed on 82 small saphenous veins in human fetuses of both sexes aged 9 to 37 weeks. The earliest valves were observed in 13 week-old fetuses. In fetuses between 13 and 18 weeks old the number of valves increased from 1 to 8. In the older fetuses between 19 and 37 weeks the number of valves varied from 5 to 9 and does not seem to be related to age. During development more valves were found in the upper part of the small saphenous vein. The height of valves increases with age and differs between particular valves of the same vein.
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The main research issue within the framework of this article is the following: what happens to human development in countries of the world and their regions which are beyond the average indicators, and why it happens this way but not the other? The authors have tried to answer this question with the help of combining the diachronic and synchronic analyses of the Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1990-2017, as well as the Historical Index’s of Human Development growth and state of differentiation in the world countries in the period 1870ñ2015, and the Sub-national Human Development Index’s growth and state of differentiation in the internal regions of the EU member countries (with the emphasis on Latvia), and the USA (for comparison) in the period 1990-2017. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the differentiation of the human development level in countries of the world and their regions with the help of three indices using a common methodological approach. This kind of parallel analysis allows the authors carrying out a more systematic study into peculiarities of a social and economic phenomenon of human development both in the modern world and in the 150-year old historical perspective. The research outcomes showed that: the average human development level is steadily growing, and in the modern world it dramatically exceeds the average HDI which was achieved 150 years ago; the state of differentiation of the human development level in the world is gradually decreasing over the last 150 years; the HDI distribution in the world countries at each time point of the period under study starting from the second half of the 20th century corresponded to the Gauss curve; in the modern world, the level of human development has a normal distribution on sub-national level too (for instance, between internal regions of the EU countries), and metropolitan areas are almost always the leaders of human development; in Latvia, despite the constant increase in the human development level on average in the country and in its regions, the distribution of the HDI itself between Latvia’s internal regions remains normal, which is also typical for internal regions of the United States. The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) according to the research project 18-011-00548.
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The modern world is characterized by rapid changes in all spheres of social life. These changes are amplified by extremely rapid dissemination of information, knowledge, values, tastes, and ideas from one society to another. Some values are invisible to the eye, other can be noticed quickly and easily. The result is a new cultural phenomena, which are called “civilization“ and “ the modern way of life.” To change the values and ideological climate in today’s world it is necessary to strengthen the role of humanitarian and moral culture. To do this, it is very important to teach people kindness and tolerance, as well as the ability to conduct intercultural dialogue while understanding common threats facing humanity today. One of the main means of solving these complex problems is the education system.
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Philosophy is of historical and trans-cultural value, thus it is necessary and indispensable in the life of humans. The same applies on the field of educational upbringing. The article points to the relationships taking place in the personal development of man and philosophy. The matter is discussed in the light of objective philosophy (realistic) and subjective philosophy (postmodern). The latter claims that there are no objective, universal or rationally grounded theses. All is reduced to rational relativism and subjectivism. On these grounds the necessity of the personal development is non-existent; every deed or human behaviour is of the same value. Virtues and weaknesses are on the same level. Yet another approach to this vexed issue is presented by philosophy of realism, which claims the right and obligation of humans for development. This development presupposes natural and supernatural development. Human beings benefits from such development by reaching their individual perfection, achieving it by everyday work and according to their own inborn abilities. The struggle for self-development is a decisive factor. It can help the contemporary pedagogics see the need for forming humans themselves in the high-tech culture of today’s world. Taking into consideration the consequences of both the above mentioned philosophical trends, one should notice that the philosophy of realism - although it is thought to be old-fashioned and unpractical - cannot be discarded. This type of philosophy struggles for the real good of the man. Therefore, it should be taken into account when looking at human beings. One is not able to pursue a healthy human activity without sound philosophical principles.
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