Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O charakterze prawnym decyzji Europejskich Urzędów Nadzoru – rozważania w kontekście sprawy C‑370/12 Pringle oraz sprawy C‑270/12

100%

Nadolska A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2014

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nr 1(41)

11-26

EN

European Supervisory Authorities’ decisions were, from the outset, of particular doctrinal interest, especially in the context of the formal legitimacy to issue them. There are questions as to whether the Agency’s competences in this field should be more on a clearer (than Article 114 TFEU) basis in the primary law of the European Union. It is not surprising that, in 2012, the Court of Justice of the European Union received an action for annulment of the provision of secondary legislation authorizing European Securities and Markets Authority to issue binding decisions prohibiting or restricting short selling of certain financial instruments. Although the proceedings in the case C‑270/12 were completed, it is necessary to make a few comments on the direction of the settlement. The starting point of this is the Court of Justice of the European Union decision in the case Pringle – a key judgment relating to the EU system.

2

Unifying the regulation of budget accounting

100%

Wakuła M.

Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

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2016

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tom 38

|

nr 111

41-50

PL

The unity of information from financial reports of economic entities from various countriesin the era of globalization takes on particular importance. To achieve such information, harmonizationand standardization of accounting rules in which the final result is financial reporting isnecessary. The data obtained from financial reports is also the basis for appraising the authoritieson the ways public funds are managed. Therefore, it is important for the included information to bereliable, credible and comparable. It can be provided by the introduction of International PublicSector Accounting Standards.

3

Harmonisation tendencies in European Consumer Law

100%

Kunkiel-Kryńska A.

Studia Prawnicze

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2012

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nr 2 (191)

67-102

EN

The aim of this article is to examine the ongoing process of harmonisation of consumer law in the European Union and a trend away from minimum harmonisation in consumer law towards full (complete, maximum) harmonisation. First of all, two important observations need to be made regarding a general concept of harmonisation in the EU and its main instruments i.e. directives regulated by Article 288 of the Treaty. Harmonisation of law is the finishing touch for the completion of the internal market of the EU after the directly applicable provisions of the Treaty regulating the four freedoms have done their work. Directives are the most important legislative instrument alongside regulations. They are based on different harmonisation methods e.g. minimum or full harmonisation. Theirs purpose is to reconcile the dual objectives: securing the necessary uniformity of EU law and respecting the diversity of national legal orders, traditions and structures. A directive is binding on the Member States as regards the objective to be achieved. The result is generally a two-stage law-making process, including implementation at the national level. It is of prime importance that in the field of consumer protection, the EU followed for a long time a minimum harmonisation approach and directives were based on this particular method of harmonisation. Over the last years, the EU policy on consumer protection has shifted from minimum to full harmonisation. Whereas minimum harmonisation allows Member States to adopt more protective rules, full harmonisation does not allow Member States to deviate from directives at all. This way, full harmonisation should guarantee that one uniform set of rules applies in the whole EU. In theory, this should contribute to legal certainty for both consumers and businesses. However, in practice, this is undoubtedly controversial. In light of the above, it should be stressed that the EU legislator wants to create a common consumer law for Europe. Admittedly the superficial appeal of full harmonisation from an internal market perspective is clear. One set of rules for traders, which grants access to the entire internal market of 27 states, is obviously appealing. However, this goal is illusory. Certain problems arise, to name a few: the EU's competence to legislate in the field of consumer policy or concrete evidence that full harmonisation is required to deliver the real internal market. What is more, while in some areas the need for full harmonisation is self-evident, for example, as regards product specifications, it is harder to see why private law rules – including consumer law - need to be fully harmonised. In the field of private law there is a much stronger tendency towards flexible thinking and a search for adaptability. Therefore it is hard to justify a full harmonisation approach to flexible and consistent national contract law orders. Last but not least, full harmonisation directives give rise to serious implementation problems at the national level, both in terms of transposition and applying transposition measures by national authorities, mainly courts. National courts – as European courts – ensure the correct application and observance of EU law. Taking the above into consideration, there is a tension between the aim of full harmonisation (uniformity) and interpretation of various general (undefined concepts) used in full harmonisation directives. In particular, there is a risk of divergent national interpretations. To sum up, over the last years the EU consumer protection policy has shifted from minimum harmonisation towards full harmonisation, which is supposed to reduce barriers in the internal market. However, it should be pointed out that there are some objection to the restrictive full harmonisation approach. Legal doctrine indicates certain problems i.e. full harmonisation directives give rise to serious implementation problems at the national level and cause risk of decomposition of national legal orders. Therefore the European Commission is now advocating a milder approach based on “targeted” full harmonisation - more selective, practical, less disturbing to the national legal orders.

4

THE IMPACT OF HARMONIZATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF ACCOUNTING ON INFORMATION INCLUDED IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

100%

Świątek W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

|

2016

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nr 4

81-97

EN

The information about a business coming from the accounting system has got an important decision-making impact on both internal and external receivers. The information should be reliable and internationally comparable, hence the need to harmonize the legislation in this area is currently one of the basic challenges of accounting. This paper discusses the process of harmonisation and standardisation of accounting and the proposed changes to the financial reporting of economic entities developed by the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

5

Enhanced Cooperation and Free Movement. Territorial Aspects of ‘Harmonisation’

100%

Malaga M. , Wilińska-Zelek A.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2017

|

tom 7

249-267

EN

In this article we examine the notion of ‘harmonisation’ in its interplay with the application of provisions on the free movement of goods. Due to the introduction of the European unitary patent protection system, we are witnessing the first cases of adopting enhanced cooperation in the internal market. This fact raises new, systemic questions concerning the concept of ‘harmonisation’ in European Union law. Are only legal, substantive aspects covered by its definition or should the territorial range of a legal act be taken into account? If yes – to what extent? Since the adoption of enhanced cooperation covers the field of intellectual property rights, the above questions concern the relationship between exercising those rights on the one hand and the principle of free movement on the other. A closer look at this matter leads to the conclusion that the unitary patent might not provide the solution to one of the problems that created for. More generally, in this article we conclude that when defining the concept of ‘harmonisation’, one should take its territorial scope into account narrowly, so as not to infringe the principles of EU law.

6

Ways of Harmonising Polish Competition Law with the Competition Law of the EU

100%

Kowalik-Bańczyk K.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2014

|

tom 7(9)

141-159

EN

This article discusses the harmonisation of laws within the EU focusing on the specific ways of achieving an approximation of the Polish legal system with European competition law. It identifies and gives an overview of three specific ways of harmonising national laws with EU antitrust provisions: (1) spontaneous (or bottom-up) harmonisation; (2) judicial harmonisation and; (3) legislative harmonisation by means of EU Directives. With respect to the last category, particular attention is drawn to the legislative competences of the EU, allowing it to harmonise antitrust issues either on the basis of Articles 103 and 114 TFUE, or perhaps even on the basis of Article 82 TFEU

FR

Le présent article explique la notion d'harmonisation du droit dans l'UE et se concentre sur les moyens particuliers de réalisation du rapprochement du droit polonais au droit de la concurrence de l'UE. Il identifie et offre un aperçu des trois façons de l'harmonisation du droit national avec le droit antitrust de l'UE: (1) l'harmonisation spontanée (ou bottom-up); (2) l’harmonisation juridique et (3) l'harmonisation législative par voie de directives. Dans ce dernier cas, une attention particulière est accordée aux compétences législatives de l'UE, ce qui lui permet d'harmoniser les questions du droit de la concurrence de l'UE, soit sur la base des articles 103 et 114 du TFUE, soit même, peut-être, sur la base de l'article 82 TFUE.

7

Interconnecting Land Registers at the European Level: Technological Progress and Harmonization Aspects

88%

Gołaczyński J. , Kaczorowska M.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2023

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tom 55

|

nr 4

29-68

EN

Characterized by a substantial diversity and falling within the property law domain, land registration systems have been excluded from the European Union harmonization process. At the same time, however, cross-border access to land registry information is critical for the development of the internal market. Therefore, several ambitious strategies are being pursued at the European level to interconnect national land registers by fully exploiting the possibilities offered by the latest technological advances. This article investigates the effect of transnational cooperation initiatives aimed at interconnecting electronic land registers within the European e-Justice program for the enhancement of the integration of the real estate markets in Member States. In this respect, legal challenges connected with the standardization of land information are addressed from comparative and harmonization perspectives.

8

Harmonising sustainability reporting in the face of stakeholders’ awakening capitalism. The institutional background

75%

Robertson F. , Krasodomska J. , Dyczkowska J.

Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości

|

2022

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nr 46(4)

129-160

EN

Purpose: Stakeholder capitalism is a system in which organisations seek long-term value creation by considering all stakeholdersʼ needs. The paper aims to identify how stakehold-er capitalism has become embedded in sustainability reporting over time and explore how it currently affects the standardisation of the ESG disclosure framework. Methodology/approach: The study reviews the essential works and research studies published over the last six decades that reflect the emergence or the revival of the stake-holder capitalism concept. The paper also analyses the complex environment of accounting standard-setters and regulators who promote various non-financial reporting frameworks or standards. Findings: The system of stakeholder capitalism may propel the harmonisation of sustain-ability reporting and serve common interests. It refers to more than just business organisa-tions, which should focus on long-term value creation and consider their environmental impacts on the planet. It is a broader concept of engaging governments in a joint effort to create prosperity for their people, attracting society to enter the dialogue and ensuring planetary wellbeing. Originality/value: The work gives an insight into the waves of changes in the sustainabil-ity reporting standardisation scene that have gained momentum over the last two years. It addresses the critical views of experts and debates on how harmonising international standards can make sustainability reporting and stakeholder capitalism genuinely serve the interest of stakeholders and the planet.

PL

Cel: Kapitalizm interesariuszy to system, w którym organizacje dążą do tworzenia długo-terminowej wartości poprzez uwzględnianie potrzeb wszystkich interesariuszy. Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie, w jaki sposób kapitalizm interesariuszy osadził się z cza-sem w raportowaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju i zbadanie, jak obecnie wpływa na standa-ryzację ram ujawniania informacji w obszarze ESG Metodyka/podejście badawcze: W opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu istotnych prac i badań opublikowanych w ciągu ostatnich sześciu dekad, które odzwierciedlają pojawienie się lub odrodzenie koncepcji kapitalizmu interesariuszy. W pracy przeanalizowano również złożone środowisko twórców standardów rachunkowości oraz regulatorów, którzy promują różne ramy lub standardy raportowania niefinansowego. Wyniki: System kapitalizmu interesariuszy może przyspieszać harmonizację raportowania zrównoważonego rozwoju i służyć wspólnym interesom. Odnosi się on nie tylko do organi-zacji biznesowych, które powinny skupić się na tworzeniu długoterminowej wartości i brać pod uwagę wpływ środowiska na planetę. Jest to szersza koncepcja polegająca na angażo-waniu rządów we wspólny wysiłek na rzecz tworzenia dobrobytu dla swoich obywateli, zachęcaniu społeczeństwa do dialogu i zapewnieniu dobrostanu planety. Oryginalność/wartość: Praca umożliwia wgląd w zmiany, jakie zachodzą w obszarze standaryzacji raportowania zrównoważonego rozwoju, i które nabrały tempa w ciągu ostatnich dwóch lat. Odnosi się do krytycznych opinii ekspertów i debat na temat tego, w jaki sposób harmonizacja międzynarodowych standardów może sprawić, że raportowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju i kapitalizm interesariuszy będą rzeczywiście służyć dobru inte-resariuszy i planety.

9

Leniency – the Polish Programme and the ‘Semi-formal’ Harmonisation in the EU by the European Competition Network

75%

Kulesza M.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2015

|

tom 8(11)

83-100

EN

When studying the legal character of the Polish leniency programme, one cannot overlook its origin and the harmonisation process of such programmes in the EU. From the beginning, the Polish programme has been, as it should be, bound to the EU programme and to the European Competition Network’s Model Leniency Programme. The paper briefly presents the European roots of the Polish leniency programme, its original convergence with the Commission’s programme and its current convergence with the Model Leniency Programme. In addition, the status of the Model Leniency Programme is analysed and questioned and its provisions are presented in the context of the evolution of Polish leniency. Some additions to the current Polish programme are suggested in conclusion.

10

Reform trends in Europe's higher education programmes as an exemplification of the bologna process after the Rome 2020 Ministerial Conference

75%

Skinder M. , Skinder Ż.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

tom z. 174

275--284

EN

Purpose: The subject of the study is issues related to the reform of higher education systems taking into account the Bologna Process. As a theoretical and cognitive goal, the author adopted the presentation of the categories and conditions of the Bologna Process in its roman stage (2020). Design/methodology/approach: The article adopts methodological elements specific to the field of social sciences, including the monographic method. It is implemented in this work as a way of researching specific, individual cases and focuses on the overall recognition of one relevant problem. It is important here to verify each element of the phenomenon in question and focus on the individual components of the issue addressed based on qualitative- descriptive elements. The paper draws on the printed publications of authors such as Irina Ferencz, Agnieszka Olechnicka, Tim Birtwistle, Robert Wagenaar, Jurgen Enders, Jeroen Huisman and continuous prints, including: Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów, Forum Akademickie, Education, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, Studia Prawno- Ekonomiczne, Białostockie Studia Prawnicze and Studia Prawnoustrojowe. Findings: The research problem was framed by the question: what changes are possible to implement in European higher education, under the Bologna harmonization formula, after the announcement of the Rome Communiqué in 2020? Practical implications: The practical objective was defined in the form of comments relevant to the needs for changes in the course of the Bologna Process with regard to multidegree education, quality assurance and recognition of periods of education, the social dimension of the Bologna Process and the internationalization of higher education. Originality/value: The study consists of three rudimentary parts, including a characterisation of the development of higher education and the implications for the region, and an analysis of the Bologna Process and its benefits for European higher education, as well as its most recent implications for higher education systems after the Rome 2020 conference. This characterisation fits into the thematic area of education management understood as a potential of the European region. This article addresses the issue of higher education development as a factor in regional development and aims to analyse the most up-to-date desiderata for harmonising higher education systems in Europe, particularly those raised at the Rome 2020 Ministerial Conference.

11

Miarkowanie kary umownej w Kodeksie cywilnym i wybranych aktach modelowego prawa umów

75%

Juranek A. M.

Forum Prawnicze

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2020

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nr 3(59)

47–63

EN

This article aims synthetically to refer to discussion between Polish academiclawyers about the controversies regarding to reduction of a specified sum in “agreed or stipulated payment for non-performance” in art. 484 § 2 of Polish Civil Code. These conclusions, resulting from the analysis of Polish private law - will be referring to the same reduction-clause in three selected acts of contracts model law: UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law and the Draft Common Frame of Reference. The last part of this article contains the conclusions de lege ferenda from comparative analysis.

12

Europeanisation of the Polish Leniency Programme

75%

Korycińska-Rządca P.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2018

|

tom 11(18)

61-83

EN

Leniency programmes in competition law make it possible to grant immunity from fines, or a reduction of any fine that would otherwise have been imposed on an undertaking who was a party to an unlawful agreement restricting competition. This immunity or fine reduction is granted as a reward for the cooperation with the competition authority and the provision of evidence of an unlawful agreement restricting competition. Legal rules regarding the application of leniency programmes have been introduced at the EU level as well as in the national legislations of numerous countries, including Polish law. The author makes an attempt to establish the degree to which the Polish leniency programme is an effect of the impact of EU law or the application of law within the EU (for instance, by its institutions). The analysis has been made on three levels. Examined first was the degree to which the Polish leniency programme is a result of spontaneous harmonisation. Second, the impact of legislative harmonisation in the area of leniency programmes was taken into consideration. Finally, it was verified whether those Polish authorities that apply Polish competition law are inspired by judgements issued by EU courts in cases regarding leniency programmes

FR

Les programmes de clémence prévus par le droit de la concurrence permettent d’accorder une immunité d’amende ou une réduction de toute amende qui aurait autrement été infligée à une entreprise partie à un accord illégal restreignant la concurrence. Cette immunité ou réduction d’amende est accordée à titre de récompense pour la coopération avec l’autorité de la concurrence et la fourniture de la preuve d’un accord illégal restreignant la concurrence. Les règles juridiques relatives à l’application des programmes de clémence ont été mis en place au niveau de l’UE, ainsi que dans les législations nationales de nombreux pays, y compris le droit polonais. L’auteur tente de déterminer dans quelle mesure le programme de clémence polonais est un effet de l’impact du droit de l’UE ou de l’application du droit au sein de l’UE (par exemple, par ses institutions). L’analyse a été faite à trois niveaux. Tout d’abord l’auteur examine dans quelle mesure le programme de clémence polonais résultait d’une harmonisation spontanée. Après, l’impact de l’harmonisation des législations dans le domaine des programmes de clémence a été prise en considération. Enfin, il a été vérifié si les autorités polonaises qui appliquent le droit de la concurrence polonais s’inspirent des décisions rendues par les tribunaux de l’Union européenne dans des affaires concernant des programmes de clémence

13

Odpowiedzialność cywilna zarządzającego portfelem instrumentów finansowych

71%

Sójka T.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2017

|

tom 79

|

nr 1

103-117

EN

This paper focuses on the civil liability of asset managers under Polish law. Following the transformation of the economic system and the development of the capital market in Poland, the importance of asset management has been gradually increasing, though it remains disproportionally lower when compared to the role of collective asset management in the form of investment funds. The chief purpose of both MiFID directives is to harmonise the rules applicable to investment firms providing brokerage services in Europe, and to protect the interests of investors who use brokerage services. Although the civil liability of investment firms offering brokerage services is part of what is broadly construed as investor protection, the regulations on this matter have been left to the Member States’ discretion. There is no doubt that discrepancies between Member States in this respect diminish the harmonising effect of both directives. This paper aims to determine the basic rules of civil liability of asset managers in Polish law, and present suggestions for the most common problems in this field.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszej publikacji jest zagadnienie odpowiedzialności cywilnej zarządzającego portfelem instrumentów finansowych w prawie polskim. Wraz z transformacją ustroju gospodarczego i rozwojem rynku kapitałowego w Polsce znaczenie instytucji zarządzania portfelem instrumentów finansowych sukcesywnie rośnie, choć pozostaje ono niewspółmiernie niższe w porównaniu z rolą instytucji zbiorowego zarządzania inwestycjami w postaci funduszy inwestycyjnych. Celem obu dyrektyw MiFID jest harmonizacja zasad funkcjonowania firm inwestycyjnych świadczących usługi maklerskie w Europie oraz ochrona inwestorów korzystających z usług maklerskich. Jakkolwiek odpowiedzialność cywilna firm inwestycyjnych świadczących usługi maklerskie należy do szeroko rozumianej problematyki ochrony inwestorów korzystających z tych usług, to jednak zagadnienie to pozostawiono poszczególnym państwom członkowskim do unormowania. Rozbieżności w tym zakresie pomiędzy poszczególnymi państwami niewątpliwie zmniejszają harmonizacyjny skutek obu dyrektyw. Zadaniem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie podstawowych zasad odpowiedzialności cywilnej zarządzających portfelem instrumentów finansowych w prawie polskim oraz sformułowanie propozycji rozwiązania najczęściej pojawiających się problemów w tym zakresie.

14

Kierunki rozwoju baz danych tematycznych: sozologicznej i hydrograficznej

63%

Olszewski R. , Kołodziej A. , Berus T.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 17b

559--566

PL

Współcześnie opracowywane bazy danych hydrograficznych (HYDRO) i sozologicznych (SOZO) oparte są na danych topograficznych pochodzących z cyklu technologicznego VMap L2 pierwszej edycji. Budowa krajowej infrastruktury danych przestrzennych w Polsce wymaga wykorzystania jako źródła danych topograficznych dla opracowań tematycznych nowoczesnych i aktualnych systemów referencyjnych o charakterze urzędowym. Autorzy proponują zatem modyfikacje merytoryczna i technologiczna sposobu wykonywania baz danych SOZO i HYDRO: automatyzacje procesu zasilania tych baz danymi VMap L2 drugiej edycji lub TBD, wprowadzenie schematów zależności topologicznych, integracje warstw o podobnej charakterystyce logicznej w celu oddania naturalnych związków zachodzących w środowisku przyrodniczym itp. Autorzy proponują także wdrożenie opracowanego systemu zarzadzania bazami SOZO i HYDRO oraz udostepnienie danych tematycznych zgromadzonych w zasobie geodezyjnym i kartograficznym w postaci serwisu internetowego. Serwis ten zapewni nie tylko dostęp do danych przestrzennych SOZO i HYDRO, lecz także umożliwi ich analizę zgodnie ze zdefiniowanym schematem.

EN

The contemporary databases of hydrological (HYDRO) and sozological (SOZO) data are based on topographic data, which originates from the VMap L2 technological cycle of the first edition. Development of the national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) in Poland requires utilization of modern and updated official reference systems as a source of topographic data for thematic elaborations. Therefore, the authors hereof propose to substantially and technologically modify the methods of development of SOZO and HYDRO databases: automation of population of those databases with VMap L2 data of the second edition or with the Topographic Database (TBD) data, introduction of topological relations diagrams, integration of layers of similar logical characteristics, in order to maintain the actual relations occurring in the natural environment etc. The authors also propose to implement the developed SOZO and HYDRO database management systems and to distribute, via Internet, the thematic data acquired in the surveying and cartographic data resources. Such Internet services would not only ensure the access to spatial SOZO and HYDRO data, but also they would allow analyses of such data to be performed, following approved diagrams of analysis.

15

Międzynarodowa harmonizacja prawa prywatnego na przykładzie wybranych aktów modelowego prawa umów w zakresie regulacji kary umownej

63%

Juranek A. M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2020

|

nr 1(65)

30-53

EN

The purpose of this article is to synthesize the basic acts of the so-called model contract law and the relations between the solutions adopted in them and the regulation of contractual penalty applicable in Polish law. Particular emphasis was puted on the analysis of conditions for a claim for payment of a contractual penalty and acceptable limits of modification of a debtor’s liability in Polish and model law. On the basis of model law, it was proposed to resolve the most frequent doubts in Polish doctrine. The comparative conclusions drawn in relation to the contractual penalty are also an example of evaluation of the Polish regulation from the point of view of the progressing process of European private law harmonisation.

16

The influence of accounting system regarding accounting and taxation of entities

63%

Mates D. , Puscas A. , Ursachi A. , Ajtay E.

Journal of Legal Studies

|

2016

|

tom 17

|

nr 31

58-63

EN

Accounting and taxation in Romania at the beginning of the third millennium are in continuous development, as a result of globalization of the world economy and of connecting the accounting and tax system to the international and European one. The confluence of the two representative cultures – Anglo-Saxon and Latin-European – has left a strong mark on the Romanian accounting and taxation. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the European Directives set the line to follow for both the Romanian accounting and the Romanian taxation. We get to ask whether Romania has still got its own strategies of economic, social and cultural development or we are part of a system of strategies where accounting is also included?

17

Spatial Data Infrastructure in Poland – lessons learnt from so far achievements

63%

Bielecka E. , Dukaczewski D. , Janczar E.

Geodesy and Cartography

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 67, no. 1

3--20

EN

Polish spatial data infrastructure dates back 2010, the year when the Spatial Information Infrastructure Act transposing INSPIRE Directive entered into force. The present study provides valuable insight into the current status of Polish spatial data infrastructure (PSDI) as well as lessons learnt from so far efforts in implementing the principles and provisions of the INSPIRE Directive. Particular respect is given to policy, interoperability of data as well as cooperation between actors involved in PSDI establishment and maintenance. Data managed by the Surveyor General (SG), perceived as a backbone of a spatial data infrastructure, are of special importance. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for further developments are given to foster SDI implementation in Poland. Results of the analysis clearly show that Polish spatial data infrastructure is in line with INSPIRE, and in a half of way being fully operational.

18

Harmonisation of maintenance performance indicators

63%

Grencik J.

Diagnostyka

|

2009

|

tom nr 2(50)

3-6

EN

Globalization process brought the need for a common understanding of the indicators that are used to measure maintenance and availability performance. There have been numerous systems of indicators developed virtually by each larger company or organisation around the world. However, a common set of indicators and definitions would facilitate the ability of an international company to accurately perform benchmarking between facilities in different counties or continents. To resolve this problem, a team comprised of EFNMS and SMRP representatives is working toward a common set of indicators that can be applied globally. This cooperative effort is termed harmonisation.

19

Koncepcja spójności a efektywność organizacyjna

63%

Flieger M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2023

|

nr 74

68-78

EN

The contemporary organisational environment is characterised by turbulence, automation, robots, implementation of AI and new generations in the labour market. These characteristics make it necessary to search for ways to stay consistent. One of such ways is the implementation of the consistency concept, whose main idea is to identify consistency platforms, and therefore also the elements that comprise these platforms and the mechanisms that must be implemented to make them consistent. It is also necessary to work out the consistency measures for particular platforms. Managers who want to identify the causes of organisational pathologies must understand the consistency concept and the ways to implement it in practice. This way, a proper organisational diagnosis is possible and the many organisational pathologies resulting from the lack of consistency can be eliminated. These pathologies have different natures and many of them worsen the financial situation of organisations. They also weaken the competitive position of organisations in the long term. The reasons to present the consistency concept is the necessity to search for new ways of increasing organisational effectiveness. This necessity results from higher competition pressure. It is also necessary to build the awareness of the consistency concept and its implementation. It is also important to connect the lack of consistency with organisational pathologies. The hypothesis of the paper says that a lack of consistency results in many organisational pathologies, and these pathologies may result in a decrease of organisational effectiveness. This connection between the lack of consistency and pathologies in organisations was researched in organisations by conducting individual interviews with managers. The research results show clearly that the hypothesis is true and the lack of consistency leads to many organisational pathologies.

PL

Współczesne uwarunkowania organizacyjne, takie jak zmienność otoczenia, automatyzacja i robotyzacja, zastosowanie sztucznej inteligencji oraz nowe pokolenia na rynku pracy powodują, że organizacje muszą poszukiwać sposobów harmonizacji różnych aspektów ich funkcjonowania. Jednym ze sposobów takiej harmonizacji jest zastosowanie założeń koncepcji spójności. Koncepcja ta zakłada identyfikację płaszczyzn spójności oraz jej elementów składowych wraz z mechanizmami ich dostosowania. Konieczne jest również opracowanie mierników spójności dla poszczególnych płaszczyzn. Menadżerowie, chcąc skutecznie identyfikować przyczyny patologii organizacyjnych muszą mieć świadomość spójności oraz powinni stosować założenia koncepcji spójności. W ten sposób możliwa jest trafna diagnoza organizacyjna i wiele patologii związanych z brakiem spójności może zostać wyeliminowanych na trwałe. Patologie te mają różny charakter, wiele z nich przyczynia się do pogorszenia sytuacji finansowej organizacji i utraty pozycji konkurencyjnej. Przesłankami podjęcia tematu prezentowanego w opracowaniu jest konieczność poszukiwania sposobów zwiększania efektywności organizacyjnej w świetle rosnącej presji konkurencyjnej oraz konieczność budowania świadomości zastosowania koncepcji spójności organizacyjnej. Ważną przesłanką jest także uzasadnienie konieczności zapewnienia spójności prezentowanymi patologiami organizacyjnymi, wynikającymi z braku spójności. Hipotezą opracowania jest stwierdzenie, że brak spójności organizacyjnej prowadzi do wielu różnych patologii w organizacji, a to z kolei może przyczynić się do spadku jej efektywności. Powyższe wykazane zostało badaniami empirycznymi w postaci wywiadów indywidualnych z przedstawicielami szczebli zarządczych organizacji. Badania pokazały jednoznacznie, że postawioną hipotezę należy zweryfikować pozytywnie.

20

Stosowanie norm europejskich przy wprowadzaniu na rynek wyrobów budowlanych

63%

Tworek J.

Materiały Budowlane

|

2015

|

tom nr 3

38--40

PL

Artykuł przedstawia specyficzną rolę zbioru norm europejskich opracowywanych przez Europejski Komitet Normalizacyjny w odpowiedzi na harmonizacyjne zlecenia Komisji Europejskiej dotyczące jednolitego rynku wyrobów. Omówiono różnice pomiędzy procedurami normalizacyjnymi a odrębnymi zasadami uzyskiwania przez normy europejskie statusu norm zharmonizowanych. Przedstawiono wskazywane przez przemysł i Komisję Europejską niedoskonałości zapisów norm wciąż jeszcze niedostosowanych do postanowień rozporządzenia nr 305/2011 oraz kierunki proponowanych zmian dostosowujących, a także rolę norm PN-EN jeszcze nieobjętych harmonizacją w krajowym systemie wprowadzania wyrobów budowlanych na rynek.

EN

The paper presents specific role of the set of European Standards developed by CEN in response to the harmonization mandates in the area of single market for products. Main differences between standardization procedures and separate rules governing granting ENs the status of harmonized document were discussed. Some imperfections indicated both by the industry and the EC in the statements included in standards which still are not in line with the provisions of the regulation nr 305/2011 were discussed and main directions for future adjustments presented. Problems with application of PN-EN standards still not covered by harmonization in the national system of the marketing of construction products are described.