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Global imbalances from the flow and stock perspective

100%

Knap R.

Journal of Management and Financial Sciences

2019

nr 38

19-31

The objective of the paper is to identify global payment imbalances from the flow and stock perspective in the years of 2000-2017 as well as to define the causes of differences in the development of global imbalances in both of the analysed aspects. In order to achieve the objective, current account balances and international investment positions that are systemically significant to economies were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics techniques and specific analytical indicators. From the conducted studies it arises that after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, the global flow imbalance declined, whereas the global stock imbalance rose significantly. The demonstrated divergence was caused by insufficient changes in current account balances (flow imbalances) in order to cause a decrease in net international investment positions (stock imbalances) systematically significant to economies and by a weakened impact of the transactions registered in the balance of payment (flows) on the change of an international investment position (stock).

Global Imbalances

72%

Sinproh C. , Sipko J.

Creative and Knowledge Society

2014

tom 4

nr 1

Purpose of the article The aim of the paper is to analyze the global economic imbalances and factors that contributed to their deterioration in developed and emerging countries, primarily in the United States and China. The article assesses the main inevitable factors of the global economic imbalances that have driven the recent evolution of current account balances. In addition, the paper describes the theoretical framework of global imbalances and the relevant fundamental theories for better understanding in theoretical aspect of international economics and finance. Furthermore, provides overview of the fundamental causes and drivers of global imbalances, namely current account. Methodology/methods In relation to the subject and purpose of this paper have been used the logical methods of examination which mainly include analysis, correlation and regression analysis, abstraction, synthesis, induction and deduction, the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics, comparative and empirical methods and the selected forecasting methods (causal prognosis methods). Scientific aim The global imbalances are considered as the most disputable and well known of the global current economic problem, which possibly explain the causes of the global financial crisis. The global financial imbalances were quite massive even before the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008. Therefore, the main scientific goal of this paper to analyse what is behind the current account imbalances in both countries, e.i. the USA and China. Findings The persistent current account imbalances reflected the imbalances in the world investment and savings ratios. Whereas the U.S. national savings rate kept falling, the Chinese savings rate rose. Current account imbalances will keep on growing due to a problem of insufficient global saving. Conclusions (limits, implications etc)The size of global imbalances has become narrow compared to the prior crisis’s level, but it did not vanish due to the implementation of global rebalancing process. Putting the current account imbalance to cooperation of all participating countries is strongly necessary. The policy response will need to involve many more countries, even G20 process, and coordinating this response will require considerable efforts of every party members.

The Influence of Global Imbalances on the Build-up of the Current Financial Crisis

58%

Twardosz A.

Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia

2013

nr 9

43-66

The issue of global imbalances already emerged in the pre-crisis era, albeit in a different context. Research was mostly concentrated on analysing how distortions in the external positions of the main countries would affect future turbulence on foreign exchange markets and in the real sector before reaching new equilibrium points. This article addresses the problem in a different manner by describing the causal link between monetary and fiscal expansion and the resulting increase in trade deficit. The process of reinvestment of foreign exchange reserves by surplus countries affects credit, stock and real estate markets, thus paving the way for future turmoil.

Nierównowagi globalne były przedmiotem licznych badań już w okresie poprzedzającym ostatni kryzys finansowy i gospodarczy, jednakże dotyczyły innych aspektów. Badania te koncentrowały się głównie na analizie wpływu nierównowag bilansu płatniczego na rynki walutowe oraz na sektor realny. W niniejszym artykule podjęto problem nierównowag globalnych w odmienny sposób – przez opisanie ciągu zdarzeń przyczynowo-skutkowych, z którego wynika, że to właśnie nadmierna ekspansja monetarna i fiskalna skutkowały wzrostem deficytu bilansu płatniczego Stanów Zjednoczonych. Proces inwestowania rosnących nadwyżek finansowych przez główne kraje eksportujące miał wpływ na rynki kredytowe oraz aktywów (giełda i nieruchomości), co doprowadziło do przyszłych zawirowań gospodarczych.