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EN
The studies included breeds and crossbred ewes of different breeds and types: 196 mouflons, 773 Polish Heath ewes, 17 hybrids of mouflon and Polish Heath sheep, 188 Polish Mountain Sheep of coloured variety and 162 of white variety, 166 Swiniarka sheep and 331 Polish Merino ewes, i.e. 1833 animals in total. The evaluation of frequency of genes and genotypes responsible for health of the sheep, growth of body weight, traits of milking and coverage (hair), that is, gene of prione protein (PRNP), gene of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), gene of alfa-s1 casein (CSN1S1) and gene, coding brown hair (TYRP1 - tyrosinase related protein 1), was carried out. There was revealed a high genetic differentiation between the examined animal groups in respect of gene of prione protein, gene of a-s1 casein and gene, coding the brown colour of hair (TYRP1) in contrary to gene of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) where the occurrence of only one allele was found in ail groups of the studied ewes. In respect of gene of prione protein , the incidence of 2-6 alleles was recorded (when revealing the occurrence of 14 genotypes), the number of which increased from 2 in case of the European mouflon up to 6 in Polish Mountain Sheep of coloured variety and in Polish Merino sheep. On the other hand, in the case of gene of alfa-s1 casein, the sustainable frequency of the occurrence of alleles C and T in the European mouflon was found; it was reflected in sustainable distribution of genotypes, differently as in the remaining groups where allele T and genotype TT was decisively dominating in the frequency of occurrence in comparison to allele C and genotypes CC and TC. In turn, gene, coding the brown hair (TYRP1) revealed considerably higher frequency of occurrence of allele T vs. C in contrary to the remaining groups, from among which only in case of Polish Heath sheep the sustainable system of frequency of occurrence of the both alleles was recorded. The mentioned system was directly reflected in distribution of genotypes, excluding Polish Heath sheep and świniarka sheep where heterozygotic genotypes were dominating vs. homozygotic ones. The conducted studies allow to state that domestication processes had an influence on the quantity and distribution of alleles and genotypes in respect of gene of prione protein, gene of alfa-s1 casein and gene, coding the brown colour hair (TYRP1) in the contrary to gene of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).
PL
Badaniami objęto stado podstawowe matek i tryków rasy wrzosówka polska i owca żelaźnieńska, utrzymywanych w Doświadczalnej Fermie Owiec i Kóz im. Prof. A. Skoczylasa w Żelaznej w latach 2009-2011. Zbadano 538 matek stada podstawowego i 29 tryków rozpłodowych wrzosówki polskiej oraz 293 matki stadne i 18 tryków rozpłodowych owcy żelaźnieńskiej. Wszystkie zwierzęta poddane były ocenie występowania mutacji genu białka prionowego PrP. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych prac badawczych stwierdzono mniejsze zróżnicowanie genetyczne w zakresie występowania alleli i genotypów białka prionowego u tryków rozpłodowych (3 genotypy i 3 allele u wrzosówki polskiej oraz 2 genotypy i 2 allele u owcy żelaźnieńskiej) aniżeli u matek stada podstawowego (6 genotypów i 3 allele u wrzosówki polskiej oraz 5 genotypów i 3 allele u owcy żelaźnieńskiej). W ostatnim roku badań u obu ras w grupie tryków rozpłodowych występowały już tylko osobniki o genotypie ARR/ARR. Stwierdzono nieistotny wpływ roku obserwacji na frekwencję występowania alleli i genotypów białka prionowego u matek stadnych i tryków rozpłodowych, z wyjątkiem istotnego oddziaływania stwierdzonego jedynie u tryków rozpłodowych rasy wrzosówka polska.
EN
The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm in Żelazna on foundation stocks and stud rams of two breeds: Polish Heath Sheep and Żelaźnieńska Sheep. The research included 538 foundation stock ewes and 29 stud rams of Polish Heath Sheep and 293 foundation stock ewes and 18 stud rams of Żelaźnieńska Sheep. Identification of the PrP prion protein gene was carried out in all animals. Genetic diversity in the frequency of scrapie alleles and genotypes was found to be lower in stud rams (3 genotypes and 3 alleles in Polish Heath Sheep and 2 genotypes and 2 alleles in Żelaźnieńska Sheep) than in foundation stock ewes (6 genotypes and 3 alleles in Polish Heath Sheep and 5 genotypes and 3 alleles in Żelaźnieńska Sheep). In the last year of the study, only rams with the ARR/ARR genotype were noted in stud rams of both breeds. The year of research had no significant effect on the frequency of scrapie alleles and genotypes in the foundation stock ewes and stud rams except in Polish Heath Sheep stud rams.
EN
In the period of 1976—1991 190 cases of schistosomy, 74 of achondroplasia and 152 of akroteriasis were noted in the progenies of 2178 Low-land black and white bulls, 1173 Low-land red and white bulls and 181 bulls of meat breed (charolais, limousin, simentaler) and Low-land black and white and Low-land red and white cows living in the vicinity 6 insemination centers in South-west Poland. The genetic frequency of schistosomy, achondroplasia and akroteriasis in population of Low-land black and white bulls was 1,84%, 0,71% and 0,57%, respectively, in the population of Low-land red and white bulls 0,77%, 0,60% and 0,34%, respectively and in the population of bulls of meat breed 1,93%, 1,66% and 0,83%, respectively. Generally, at akroteriasis the gestation period was shortened by about 15 days as compared to the standard value and the body weight of newborn calves was lowered, especially in achandroplasia and akroteriasis. An analysis of the pedegree of teratological calves was performed.
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