Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Etnocentryzm indywidualny i organizacyjny w filiach zagranicznych korporacji w Polsce − wyniki badań

100%

Przytuła S.

Nauki o Zarządzaniu

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2013

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nr 2(15)

115-133

EN

The purpose of this article is to diagnose the symptoms of ethnocentrism in subsidiaries of foreign corporations in Poland on the basis of empirical research. This paper presents partial results of the study, which was conducted in two research projects. From the first titled “Staff expatriate managers in multinational companies in Poland” (No. UMO- 2011/01/D/HS4/01700) questionnaire surveys were obtained from 112 expatriates working in Poland, in which the questions were asked about approach to the management of a subsidiary in Poland. The second research project concerned “Perceptions of expatriate managers by the Polish-managers.” In the interviews 20 Polish managers working in branches of foreign corporations in Poland were involved.

2

Między etnocentryzmem a uniwersalizmem. Jak prowadzić dialog i szukać fundamentów globalnego porozumienia?

100%

Kalbarczyk T.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2013

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tom 3

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nr 1

155-164

EN

The paper refers to the discussion between different philosophical approaches to problems brought by globalisation. Building various concepts in social and political philosophy requires both rejecting radical relativism as well as finding alternatives to fundamentalism. Between radical approaches there is space for a reasonable ethics and theory of politics. I conclude with Wiktor Osiatynski’s “soft universalism” of human rights, which can be deployed as a tool for building compromise between contradictory standpoints.

3

Współczesna rewolucja obyczajowa, czyli awantura o rock and rolla i bikini

100%

Boroch R.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2018

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nr 65

159-184

EN

The article is critical of the theses presented in J. Stanisławek’s article "Współczesna rewolucja obyczajowa" [The contemporary revolution of manners] (hereafter WRO), which introduces the categories of (1) ‘traditional culture’ and (2) ‘contemporary culture’, to which attributes are assigned: to the former, elitism, idealism, and asceticism; to the latter, egalitarianism, utilitarianism, and hedonism. It also characterises traditional culture as being oriented towards the realisation of ideals, contemporary culture towards pleasure. The beginning of the collapse of the values of traditional culture is supposed to have been determined by the appearance in Western Europe of rock and roll and the bikini. The main objections to WRO concern: (1) omission of a historical-cultural context; (2) failure to base the analysis on factual data; (3) dichotomous division of categories; (4) ethnocentric evaluation of categories. Stanisławek’s article is part and parcel of the war of cultures, i.e. the conflict between conservative and liberal visions of the world (social relations).

4

Tracing intercultural and interlinguistic moves within and beyond student mobility programmes: The case of the IEREST project

100%

Čebron N.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2017

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tom 7

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nr 2

211-232

EN

The paper presents the core aims and objectives of the teaching materials developed within the IEREST (Intercultural Education Resources for Erasmus Students and their Teachers) project, and shows how the innovative approach adopted for these activities can be implemented in the classroom. The IEREST teaching modules are innovative in that the approach adopted draws strongly on the notions of critical cosmopolitanism (Holliday 2012) and intercultural communicative competence (Byram 1997 and 2012). The activities in the modules promote a view of culture as a negotiated „process” among individuals, small or large groups and intercultural communication as a co-construction of meaning conveyed across linguistic and cultural boundaries, thus rejecting explicitly any “essentialist” attitudes and simplistic overgeneralisation of “otherness.” The approach to language use in intercultural encounters observes how the above concepts are expressed in a number of contexts, while also building on the view that intercultural communication among bilinguals often takes advantage of a lingua franca, a foreign language that all the participants in the communicative activity have in common because they had learned it. Taking into account the concept of “linguaculture” (Risager 2012) the modules seek to raise awareness of the negotiating process in rendering meaning through a linguistic and cultural blend of both the target language and the speake’s first language. The paradigm shift proposed by the IEREST Modules indicates a need to rethink current practices in intercultural education and to acknowledge societal changes in multilingual Europe and beyond.

5

ROSYJSKA WIELOKULTUROWOŚĆ W OPOWIADANIACH ALEKSANDRA KUPRINA

88%

Bielniak N.

Acta Neophilologica

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2014

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tom XVI/1

141-151

EN

Alexander Kuprin belongs to the group of social writers at turn of 19th century, who brought up aspects arising from contacts with different cultures, religions and languages on ethnically heterogeneous territory of the Russia. The author of The Duel eagerly used short prose forms, which he enriched with environmental and ethnographic reality, picturing mentality, customs and social problems, also religious and culture differences of other than Russian ethnic groups. In his work we can fi nd portrayals of Crimean Tatars and Greeks, Poles, Polishchuks, Ukraininas, Circassians, Georgians, Armenians, and Jews.

6

What do thermonuclear bombs have to do with intercultural hermeneutics? (Or on the superiority of Dickens over Heidegger)

88%

Małecki W.

Human Affairs

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2011

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tom 21

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nr 4

393-402

EN

In this paper, I discuss Richard Rorty’s views on intercultural hermeneutics as presented in his essay “Heidegger, Kundera, and Dickens” and in his correspondence with the Indian philosopher Anindita Niyogi Balslev. In doing so, I focus primarily on Rorty’s presumption that instead of providing an “authentic” picture of another culture, the goal of intercultural studies or hermeneutics should be to look if there is anything “of use” that a given culture offers and that is not offered by ours.

7

The Female Experience of the Other

88%

Owczarek D.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2015

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tom 50

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nr 2-3

95-110

EN

The following paper deals with the problem of the transformation of the female self from the ethnocentric stage to the ethnorelative stage, as portrayed in Osa Johnson’s “autobiographical” account of her trips in the book I married adventure. The author attempts to show the metamorphosis of the protagonist by relating her experiences to the developmental model of cultural sensitivity, as proposed by M.J. Bennett. It is argued that the protagonist assumes the role of the Other in relation to her husband in the same way that indigenous people appear as the Other in relation to the protagonist. The slight yet detectable change in her perception of the Other constitutes an attempt to liberate herself from the position of the subordinate white female.

8

From the concept of Environmental Reason To a Global Ethics project

88%

dos Santos Queirós A.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2021

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tom 12

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nr 24

199-213

EN

The contribution of the environmental philosophy to the XX and XXI centuries philosophy renovation and their capacity to be applied to all aspects of social life is the core of this essay. The history of philosophy on the West is focused on the human condition, the environmental philosophy drive its thought to a global view of biodiversity and geodiversity, enlarged by the concept of biosphere. The dominant perspective of the modern philosophy set the morale in the order of the rules and social conventions and leave the ethics on the field of personal experience. Analyzing the concept of Kantian reason, and its ethic’s corollaries, this essay propose develop them to a new concept, “Environmental Reason”. Conceptualized as a new categorical imperative to the men’s action, beyond the principle that prescribe that we must conform individual acts with a universal law, configuring the human conduct within the limits that safeguard the continuity of life, but also the intrinsic values of earth and its biodiversity and geodiversity. A new perspective ethics founded in the principles of the critique of anthropocentrism and the critique of ethnocentrism represent a new ontology, and.a new epistemology, that could lead to a new ethics universal theory.

9

Analiza komparatystyczna współczesnego nacjonalizmu państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Zachodniej

88%

Gołębiewska I.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2014

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tom 36

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nr 2

101 - 124

EN

The paper is acomparative analysis of nationalist parties in Western, Central and Eastern Europe. The author has chosen as arepresentative sample organisations most often incriminated in neo-fascism and neo-Nazism. The terms have been verified, with the author applying new criteria ofdefinition. In order to exclude or attribute afascist connotation, she has used aconcise description of the fascist doctrine. Referring to its features, she has examined the ideology, operations, relevance and leadership of contemporary nationalist parties. The author has carried out a particularly detailed analysis of the differences and similarities between the revival of nationalism in Western Europe after 1945 and in Eastern Europe after 1989. The process of the emergence of national and nationalist parties in “young” democracies has turned out to be similar, though nationalism does have its various forms and faces.

10

Effects of the Linguistic Context on Identity Relevant Self-Characterization in Bilinguals

88%

KONDÉ Z. , PÁNTYA J. , DÓSA Z. , POLONYI T.

Applied Linguistics Papers

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2018

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nr 25/2

21-36

EN

A survey was conducted among Hungarian-Romanian-English multilinguals (N=237) with the aim of investigating the individual differences in cultural preferences and value priorities. Participants completed questionnaires measuring: (a) the individual level of national identification (Collective SelfEsteem); (b) own-culture preference (Patriotism); (c) ethnocentric proclivity toward other cultures (Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale); and, (d) the relative importance of 10 universal value types (Portrait Values Questionnaire) in three groups. Native (Hungarian) and acquired languages (Romanian, English) were used for filling out questionnaires for the three groups. Linguistic effects appeared on ethnocentrism, patriotism and collective aspects of self-esteem, but the effects were absent on personal aspect of self-esteem and prevailingly on value priorities. Results may indicate a kind of linguistic relativity in identity relevant self-characterization.

11

Language and Pure or Rational Ontology

75%

Mejame C. E.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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nr 3

163-178

EN

This paper argues that the unicity of the signification of words makes intercompre-hension possible, and explores the possibility of a pure or rational ontology as providing a space for communication between cultures. Therefore no culture has any proprietary right over that ontology.

12

Kultura wobec praksis w ujęciu antropologicznym

75%

Saja K.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2015

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tom 8

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nr 2

59-72

PL

The contemporary anthropology seems to be extremely superficial. Anthropologists do not pay attention to how the studied artifacts arise in the human mind. They tend to watch communities associate with these artifacts, analyze customs, religion, inventions, and other artifacts, but it is not sufficient to achieve the effect of objectivity. Cultural relativism is chosen as a tool to deal with them. It seems that the starting point for a complete rejection of ethnocentrism is the distinction b e tween the cultural sphere praxis and fitness. In turn, in order to achieve the cultural unification one should pay c lose attention to the so-called first principles. The aim of this article is to prove the existence of the first principles as indicators of how do they work in culture. Rules are independent of space and time, and, moreover, they are based in our culture and how we perceive the world around us. We may observe that these rules have existed in human culture from its beginning due to the fact that it was based on them.

13

Western Racist Ideologies and the Nigerian Predicament

75%

Elechi M.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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nr 1

87-104

EN

Racism is responsible for discrimination against some citizens in Nigeria. It influences government’s policies and actions and militates against equity and equal opportunity for all. It has effaced indigenous values and ebbed the country into groaning predicaments of shattered destiny and derailed national development. Racism hinges on superciliousness and the assumed superiority of one tribe and religion over the others. These bring to the fore two forms of racism in Nigeria: institutional and interpersonal racisms. The Western selfish motive to dominate, marginalize, and sustain economic gains, political expansion, psycho-mental control, and socio-cultural devaluations escalated racism in Nigeria. Racist ideologies were entrenched through the selfish ventures of slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism, which enforced an unprecedented unjust harvest of impugnable systemic practices. Neo-colonial forces continue to promote ethnocentrism, cultural imperialism, and the dehumanization, exploitation, oppression, and suppression of Africans. Adopting a methodical approach of critical analysis, this article spotlights the negative effects of racism on Nigeria’s development. However, the bristling challenges of racist ideologies can be resolved within the epistemological compass of gynist deconstruction approach to human thought and action for a better universe of one human race.

14

Postawy ksenofobiczne wśród studentów wybranych kierunków studiów Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

75%

Gawron M.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2016

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nr 1

133-148

EN

The following article is an attempt to present the phenomenon of xenophobia, on the one hand, as an aversion to everything what is foreign, on the other, as a specific way of feeling which in some sense is a behaviour understood for every man. In this paper, other phenomena similar to xenophobia such as racism or discrimination which have a lot of shared areas with xenophobia as well as their most important mechanisms, were also described. Moreover, the issue concerning community was raised without which xenophobia could not actually occur. The article also includes the chosen examples showing signs of xenophobia, on Polish as well as foreign ground, concerning the latest events related to immigrants and refugees which we can see the most frequently in the media and web portals. The aim of this work was to compare particular fields of study: Security Studies, Management and Psychology in terms of intensity of xenophobic attitude, using self-designed questionnaire consisting of 21 statements in total. According to predictions, it turned out that Security Studies students indicate the strongest xenophobic attitudes in all three aspects: ethnic, religious and homosexual, while Psychology students the weakest. However, Management students were placed each time between Security Studies and Psychology students. Most probably the field of study is linked with the intensity of xenophobic attitude. Security Studies students will more often pay attention to something what is strange, untypical as well as threatening in surroundings in order to minimize the possible danger. Psychology students learn the acceptance conduct, not to judge on the basis of fragmentary information which very often requires devoting time and other sources. Security Studies students often cannot afford to do this.

15

Etnocentryzm konsumencki wśród nabywców owoców i warzyw w Zakopanem

75%

Wróblewska W. , Kwiatkowska K.

Handel Wewnętrzny

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2015

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nr 5 (358)

425-433

PL

Cel: charakterystyka rynku owoców i warzyw w Zakopanem z uwzględnieniem zjawiska etnocentryzmu konsumenckiego. Podejście badawcze: badania przeprowadzono w formie wywiadu kwestionariuszowego wśród 150 dorosłych mieszkańców Zakopanego w lipcu/sierpniu 2013 roku. Określono postawy konsumentów względem owoców oraz warzyw krajowych i importowanych w zależności od wybranych czynników demograficznych i ekonomicznych. Główne wyniki badań: analiza wykazała obecność etnocentryzmu konsumenckiego, który jednak istnieje głównie w sferze deklaracji. Informacja o kraju pochodzenia produktu jest ważna dla około 63% badanych, ale poszukuje jej jedynie 46%. Mieszkańcy wyżej oceniają krajowe żywnościowe produkty ogrodnicze w konfrontacji z importowanymi. Produkt polski kojarzony jest przede wszystkim z takimi cechami jak smak, świeżość, aromat. Jednak większość badanych nie jest w stanie wymienić krajowej marki owoców i warzyw. Implikacje praktyczne: większość badanych na rynku owoców i warzyw w Zakopanem wykazywała postawę kosmopolityczną kierując się w wyborach rynkowych głównie czynnikami konkurencyjności oferty.

EN

Aim: characteristics of the market for fruit and vegetables in Zakopane taking into account the phenomenon of consumer ethnocentrism. Research approach: the research was carried out in the form of questionnairebased interview among 150 adult inhabitants of Zakopane in July-August 2013. There were determined consumers’ attitudes towards domestic and imported fruit and vegetables depending on the selected demographic and economic factors. Main research findings: the analysis indicated that presence of consumer ethnocentrism which, however, exists mainly in the sphere of declarations. Information about the country of origin of the product is important for some 63% of respondents, though it is searched for only by 46%. Dwellers better assess domestic garden food products in confrontation with imported ones. The Polish product is associated primarily with such features as taste, freshness, flavour. However, the majority of the individuals surveyed are not able to specify the national brands of fruit and vegetables. Practical implications: the majority of the people interviewed in the market for fruit and vegetables in Zakopane demonstrated their cosmopolitan attitude being guided in their market choices mainly by the factors of offer competitiveness.

RU

Цель: характеристика рынка фруктов и овощей в Закопане с учетом явления потребительского этноцентризма. Исследовательский подход: обследования провели в форме опроса среди 150 взрослых жителей Закопане в июле-августе 2013 г. Определили отношение потребителей к отечественным и импортным фруктам и овощам в зависимости от избранных демографических и экономических факторов. Основные результаты исследований: анализ показал выступление потребительского этноцентризма, который однако существует в основном в сфере деклараций. Информация о стране происхождения продукта важна для около 63% опрошенных, но ее ищут лишь 46%. Жители более высоко оценивают отечественные огородничие продукты питания в конфронтации с импортными. Польский продукт ассоциируется прежде всего с такими свойствами, как вкус, свежесть, аромат. Однако большинство опрошенных не в состоянии указать отечественную марку фруктов и овощей. Практические импликации: большинство опрошенных на рынке ово- шей и фруктов в Закопане демонстрировало космополитическое отношение, руководствуясь в рыночных выборах, в основном, факторами конкурентоспособности предложения.

16

Selected aspects of ethnocentric behaviour of vegetable consumers in Warsaw

75%

Dawid O. , Lilianna J. , Ewa G. , Wioletta W.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2016

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nr 3(41)

355–364

EN

The aim of this study was to analyse certain aspects of ethnocentric behaviour of vegetable purchasers in Warsaw. The research, in the form of a survey, was carried out among the adult population in 2015. Among the studied factors were consumers’ attitudes in relation to domestic and imported vegetables, depending on selected demographic characteristics. The analysis of empirical material has indicated ethnocentrism among vegetable buyers. Domestic vegetable purchases are primarily determined by practical advantages of the products. The choice of domestic products for mainly rational reasons points towards intentional ethnocentrism.

PL

Celem artykułu była analiza przejawów zachowań etnocentrycznych nabywców warzyw w Warszawie. Badania w formie wywiadu kwestionariuszowego przeprowadzono wśród dorosłych mieszkańców w 2015 roku. Określono m.in. postawy konsumentów względem warzyw krajowych i importowanych w zależności od wybranych czynników demografi cznych. Analiza materiału empirycznego wykazała postawy etnocentryczne wśród nabywców warzyw. Zakupy warzyw krajowych podyktowane są przede wszystkim praktycznymi zaletami tych produktów. Kierowanie się przy wyborze produktów krajowych głównie względami racjonalnymi przemawia za intencjonalnym etnocentryzmem.

17

Economic patriotism among people under 35 in Poland in the face of globalization

75%

Śliwa M.

Catallaxy

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2022

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tom 7

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nr 1

33-44

EN

Motivation: Nowadays, economic patriotism is the current social trend affecting a number of aspects related to the economy, the functioning of enterprises and consumers in the conditions of market competition. Companies wishing to maximize their profits and at the same time remain in positive relationships with their customers should pay special attention to the factors that determine the decision-making of young consumers in the selection of goods and services. Aim: The study pays special attention to current situations related to the internationalization of enterprises operating on the Polish market. The main aim of the analysis is to show a number of determinants influencing the manifestations of economic patriotism among adults up to 35 years of age, which if well understood, will allow entrepreneurs to increase the effectiveness of their managed institutions, as well as the analysis of positive and negative market behavior related to economic patriotism. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, own research was conducted, which brings a new approach to the discussed issue, showing the attitudes of young consumers consistent with the idea of economic patriotism. Results: People under the age of 35 show a high awareness of economic patriotism and are consumers with a high degree of ethnocentrism. For further effective development of attitudes related to economic patriotism and, above all, their practical realization, a broad initiative is necessary from top-down undertakings on the part of the government, through schools and universities to grassroots social initiatives and realization of the idea of economic patriotism by the individual.

18

Values versus ethnocentric attitudes of consumers on the food market

75%

Adamczyk G. , Gorynska-Goldmann E. , Gazdecki M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 1

EN

The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this paper, was to show the significance, systems and hierarchy of values, as well as the relation of values with the ethnocentric attitudes of consumers. Among the most important values for consumers are: family, health and physical fitness. The ethnocentric attitudes of the surveyed consumers were correlated with the values they believe in. Original materials from a questionnaire survey made by direct personal interviewing are used in this paper. The respondents were chosen by non-random quota sampling. The respondent group was made up of individuals responsible for household food provisions. The cultural and symbolic values occurred with similar frequency and significance among the consumer groups formed by the criterion of ethnocentrism intensity. The approach to ethnocentrism was differentiated by traditional, national and custom values. The consumers with a higher ethnocentrism level declared a relatively higher signifi cance and attachment to Catholicism, traditionalism and patriotism.

PL

Celem badań, których wyniki zawarto w artykule, było przedstawienie istoty i znaczenia wartości, ich systemów i hierarchii, a także ich powiązania z postawami etnocentrycznymi konsumentów. Wśród najważniejszych wartości dla konsumentów należy wymienić rodzinę, zdrowie i kondycję fizyczną. Postawy etnocentryczne badanych konsumentów były powiązane z wyznawanymi przez nich wartościami. W artykule wykorzystano materiały pierwotne z badania ankietowego wykonanego techniką bezpośrednich wywiadów osobistych. Ankietowani zostali dobrani w sposób nielosowy, z wykorzystaniem metody doboru kwotowego. Respondentami były osoby odpowiedzialne za zaopatrzenie gospodarstwa domowego w produkty żywnościowe. Wartości kulturowe i symboliczne występowały z podobną częstotliwością i znaczeniem wśród grup konsumentów utworzonych na podstawie natężenia etnocentryzmu. Wartości tradycyjne, wartości narodowe i obyczajowe różnicowały stosunek do etnocentryzmu. Relatywnie większe znaczenie i przywiązanie do takich wartości, jak katolicyzm, tradycjonalizm, patriotyzm deklarowali konsumenci o wysokim wskaźniku etnocentryzmu.

19

Education in Europe - a Transcultural Challenge

63%

Wulf C.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2011

|

tom 2

|

nr 1

29-43

20

Niejednoznaczna rola etnocentryzmu w komunikacji międzykulturowej

63%

Ferszt-Piłat K.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

|

2008

|

tom 36

|

nr 1

105-122

EN

The paper is a sociological attempt to analyze ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism should not be treated as an embarrassing issue. It makes up inevitable barrier to communication between different cultures. Its representatives ought to be aware of it and do their best to minimalize its negative symptomps that are the reason for numerous contemporary conflicts. We can head them off by promoting direct, interpersonal relations and reflective communication. In prospect of European co-operation this topic is particularly important because it marks the common ground and proposition of safe and satysfying relations. Lifting ethnocentric barrier to communication by implementing competence into the process of intercultural education should turn out to be helpful in dally realization of multicultural society also in Europe. Negative signs of ethnocentrism are avoidable but, as proved above, we need to start this process very early by promoting the idea of tolerance and open dialog as soon as possible.