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EN
The presented research results refer to the issues linked to the role of information technologies in enterprise value building models that can be found in the current economic structure. The scope of this article is to present an analysis of data collected in an annual research cycle and the resulting conclusions, describing management support IT projects in three groups of enterprises, representing three models of enterprise value analysis, i.e. value chain, value shop and value network. The research was questionnaire-based and covered the total of 160 enterprises and 210 IT projects carried out in those enterprises. The presented comparative research results indicate a map of characteristics within the typology of IT projects carried out in Poland in three different groups of enterprises. The essence of the research is to present a distribution of management support IT systems, the size of the projects, chosen application implementation strategies and the method of IT project investment economic evaluation in specific enterprise groups. The research results may be interesting for researchers specialising in the subject of IT project realisation and for practitioners realising projects for companies belonging to these groups.
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Content available remote Struktura kapitału a wartość przedsiębiorstwa
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PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wieloznaczność pojęcia wartości przedsiębiorstwa a jednocześnie uświadomienie potrzeby dokonywania jej pomiaru oraz wskazanie roli struktury kapitału w kształtowaniu tej wartości. Występująca zależność pomiędzy wartością przedsiębiorstwa i strukturą kapitału stała się podstawą dostrzegania roli źródeł finansowania zasobów i poszukiwania tzw. optymalnej struktury kapitału zapewniającej maksymalną wartość rynkową przedsiębiorstwa.
EN
The aim of the article is to pay attention on different meaning of enterprise value and the need of its measuring and to point out the role of capital structure in creating this value. The connection between enterprise value and capital structure became the base of showing the role of financial means of resources and finding optimal capital structure which leads to maximum market value of enterprise.
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Content available Quality Costs as a Determinant of Company Value
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EN
Theoretical background: Every enterprise generates costs when carrying out its activities. The costs associated with maintaining an adequate level of quality can prove to be not only a destroyer but, over the longer term, also a generator of enterprise value. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is an attempt to present the impact of the quality costs identified by the company on enterprise value, as well as the conditions that should be met to observe an increase in its value. Research methods: This study is of a theoretical nature and uses a research approach based on an analysis of the available literature and heuristic methods. Main findings: Quality costs have an impact on the creation of enterprise value. An indication of their share in the costs by type can help the company’s decisions, which, in the long term, can contribute to the enterprise value by increasing the cash flow.
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Content available remote Intangible assets disclosure by Polish enterprises
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EN
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of intangible assets of Polish companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange included in the WIG-30 index. Using publicly available data (financial statements), 30 stock listed entities were studied for the years 2010–2014 in terms of: share of intangible assets in total assets (total and by industry), direction and dynamics of changes in their value, and types of intangible assets most frequently disclosed in the reports. Tools of descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. During the analyzed period both intangible assets and tangible assets showed a positive growth dynamics, whereas the growth of tangibles value showed greater dynamics. The reported share of intangibles in total assets was relatively small, ranging from 6.3% in 2010 to 9.0% in 2014. The value of intangible assets is strongly dependent upon the industry. The intangibles most often disclosed in the financial statements were: goodwill, royalties, patents, trademarks and costs of research respectively.
EN
The ambiguity of statements may result in a wrong understanding of their content and incorrect decisions made on their basis. The Polish language uses a number of terms of ambiguous meaning, which determine the level of complication in interpreting and assessing the conveyed content. One of the notions included in this category is „value” – a term commonly used in everyday life, as well as extremely widely in the sphere of enterprise science. The dimension of capturing the value creates the essence of this term, constituting the basis of reference in the mechanisms of its determination. The above assumes particular significance in economic processes, where the process of valuation (pricing) arises directly from the essence of the object of reference and the purpose of measurement, the identification of which determines the content of the economic dimension of the „value” under consideration. Economic value – like value in general, is a complex category. Deepening the content of this concept creates the basis for capturing and measuring the widely understood value (of resources, work, enterprise), hence „value” – including in particular „economic value” should be considered an important category from the point of view of the correctness of the course, and then the analysis of conducted economic processes. The problems of defining the concept of „value” inspired the author to write this article. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of the term „value” in the light of its ambiguity, with particular emphasis on the economic dimension of its consideration. The study is based on a review and critical assessment of the available literature and studies, with conclusions.
EN
The paper presents issues of influence of restructuring on a company's value. Changes occurring in relations between company management and shareholders, which generally speaking mean the company owners, cause that the idea of company's value management seen through widely understood restructuring processes, has priority significance. Thus restructuring activities are to some extent stimulators of changes and influence perceiving of the company as specific investment resulting in maximizing of its value. The paper also presents a useful tool, which is Matrix of Value EVA, allowing to define differences between development paths increasing or decreasing the value. What is also shown is a pentagonal frame restructuring plan which is used to evaluate possibilities of organizational reconstruction.
EN
VBM as a new trend, mainly in the fields of strategic management and corporate finance management, has become a frequent topic of discussions in academic environment, as well as among managers and consultants. It impacts not only areas mentioned above, but all the areas of companies' lives, including marketing, selling, motivation, goods storage etc. Due to prof. A. Rappaport, one of the pioneers of the VBM idea, there is a big chance that it will became a standard in a couple of years. Learning organization is another new trend, which emphasizes the role of learning in the organization. Comprehensive approach is one of the main requirements suggested both by value based management and learning organization trends. The article shortly introduces a comprehensive value based management system model elaborated by the author.
EN
The idea of intensive management of a company lies in constant search of effective sources of financing enterprise economic activity. Working capital should play an important role in this financing. Working capital ought to become a basis for the growth of generated capital, and financial affect not divided. As a result it activates the development and enterprise's growth value of a company towards the growth of productivity and remunerative of the engaged fortune and costs.
EN
The intensive changes in the models of business management, that we have witnessed recently, are accompanied by the common view that the permanent improvement of the organisation is the key element of the process. The success-oriented market players are forced to apply any solutions that would effectively increase the value of a company. The Economic Value Added - as one of the most important measuring instrument in finance management., is answer to send a multi aspects challenge to administration of contemporary organization.
EN
Financial decisions are of great importance among economic decisions. They concern financial flows in the management of finances, the process referring to the management of assets or the choice of financial resources of economic activity. The article presents the indicators of an enterprise value as instrument to administration of contemporary organization.
EN
All activities in the firm are undertaken with thought of the realizations of the concrete target. These targets are different and individual for every firm. In the literature exchanged are numerous business strategies and paths of their realizations. The sense of however these all activities and even the Tightness of targets and strategies one can properly rate only after the impartment of the answer on the question: how this activity affects the value of the firm. Managers should have the consciousness that itself firm is not herself value from himself. It is a machine which should bring satisfying value: to customers - the satisfaction of needs, to workers and persons to manageresses - competency and conditions to the self-realization, the owners the turn from invested capital. Because to administer with he firm one ought properly to identify sources of the value and ably them to administer, so that that value constantly former created.
EN
Maximization of wealth of his owners is the basic financial aim in management of enterprise. Cash management must contribute to realization this aim. Article presents the method of determination precautionary level of cash in firm. Level of cash in firm increase net working capital and costs of holding cash. Both of them decrease value of the firm.
EN
The analysis of the cross-border consolidation processes from the point of view of their value management is the main subject of this study. Outer restructuring which may consist, among others, in selling or acquisition of the other target and using the financial engineering instruments, is one of the possible way of the enterprises value creating. The problems connected with both merger and acquisition activity which have especially increased in recent years and their influence on the value of company were shown. Moreover, the aim of this study is to indicate the factors which make that not each merger and acquisition cause increase in the value of companies involved in these processes.
EN
If the organizations want to succeed in more dynamic and complicated environment of companies, they can not build their competitiveness only on definite products, technology or resources. The worth of company is based on intellectual assets: unique skills, knowledge, which decide about financial outcomes. The paper reported models of intellectual capital and methods of IC surveying. The paper introduced suggestions of different rates, which can be used to estimate of intellectual assets and to gain necessary information to make decisions in the future.
EN
Selection of the most valuable sale should be considered as one of the most important tasks of the Value Based Management. One of the methods useful on this field is the analysis of net present value (NPV) of sale. Present Value (PV) of sale depends on: a) price of product and amount of sale, b) credit-policy alternatives (conditions of payments). In this paper is undertaken an attempt to consider problem of assessment cost of capital, depending on conditions of payments - prepayment, cash on, trade credit (two-part or net terms).
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EN
The modern realities of economic life suggest looking at the functioning of an enterprise not only from the perspective of profit maximization but also with account being taken of the needs of a broader group of stakeholders. Therefore, more and more often, when measuring the value of a business, the qualitative aspects that affect the effectiveness of a company’s operations as well as its valuation are taken into account. Such elements include corporate governance mechanisms. The core role attributed to the recommendations on corporate governance is creating a framework and guidelines based on which an enterprise should conduct its business in order to meet the requirements of competitiveness and increase its market value.
PL
Współczesne realia życia gospodarczego każą spojrzeć na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstwa przez pryzmat nie tylko podstawowego celu, jakim jest dążenie do maksymalizacji zysku, ale z uwzględnieniem przy jego wypracowaniu potrzeb szerszej grupy interesariuszy. Dlatego coraz częściej przy dokonywaniu pomiaru wartości przedsiębiorstwa uwzględnia się aspekty jakościowe, które wpływają na efektywność funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa, jak również na jego wycenę. Do takich właśnie elementów zalicza się mechanizmy corporate governance. Podstawową rolą, jaką przypisuje się rekomendacjom corporate governance, jest stworzenie ram i wytycznych, w oparciu o które przedsiębiorstwo powinno prowadzić swoją działalność, jeśli chce sprostać wymogom konkurencyjności i podnieść swoją wartość rynkową.
EN
Management strategies with respect of a networked organization are chosen on the basis of assessment of access to key resources and competences, and in the context of internal and external relationships with other network participants. Management of a networked organization requires activation of all network participants, exploiting the combined potential and enhancing the cohesion. The study aims to show changes observed in the field of development and implementation of network management systems. The article discusses factors determining an approach to network management which tends to abandon direct competitive struggle for the benefit of cooperation and other forms of collaborative relationships. 
PL
Wybór strategii przedsiębiorstwa funkcjonującego w otoczeniu sieciowym odbywa się na podstawie oceny możliwości uzyskania dostępu do kluczowych zasobów i kompetencji oraz w kontekście nawiązywania relacji wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych z uczestnikami sieci. Zarządzanie organizacją sieciową wiąże się z aktywizowaniem uczestników sieci, wydobywaniem potencjału kombinacyjnego sieci oraz kształtowaniem jej spójności. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zmian zachodzących w tworzeniu i realizacji strategii organizacji sieciowej. W opracowaniu omówiono uwarunkowania kształtujące podejście strategiczne w zarządzaniu organizacją sieciową, oparte coraz częściej na rezygnacji z bezpośredniej walki konkurencyjnej na rzecz podejmowania współpracy i nawiązywania różnych form relacji w kształtowaniu i realizacji strategii wzrostu wartości przedsiębiorstwa.  
EN
Background: The subject of author’s own survey and literature research verified the research hypothesis whethertax strategy is a source of corporate value creation, whether enterprises implement and monitor it, and whether they are aware of its importance. Research purpose: The purpose of the considerations is focused on the evaluation of the tax strategy as a source of creating enterprise value. Methods:  Own questionnaire and a critical analysis of the literature were used. The deduction method based on the literature output to date was used to formulate the conclusions. Conclusions: The author’s research has shown that the use of a tax strategy increases the benefits in the form of reducing tax burdens and tax risk, which in turn improves financial liquidity. It was confirmed that the factors that induce the formulation and implementation of tax strategies, such as excessive fiscalism or loopholes in tax law, have an impact on enterprises. As a result, the activities undertaken by the enterprise increase the value of the enterprise.  
PL
Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem własnych badań ankietowych, jak i literaturowych było zweryfikowanie hipotezy badawczej: czy strategia podatkowa jest źródłem kształtowania wartości przedsiębiorstwa, czy przedsiębiorstwa ją wdrażają i monitorują oraz czy są świadome jej znaczenia. Cel badawczy: Celem rozważań jest próba oceny strategii podatkowej jako źródła kreowania wartości przedsiębiorstwa. Metoda badawcza: Wykorzystano własne badania ankietowe oraz analizę krytyczną literatury. Do sformułowania wniosków posłużyła metoda dedukcji oparta na dotychczasowym dorobku literaturowym. Wyniki: Badania autorki wykazały, że wykorzystanie strategii podatkowej zwiększa korzyści w postaci zmniejszenia obciążeń podatkowych i ryzyka podatkowego, co w konsekwencji wpływa na poprawę płynności finansowej. Potwierdzono oddziaływanie na przedsiębiorstwa czynników skłaniających do formułowania i wdrożenia strategii podatkowej, takich jak: nadmierny fiskalizm czy luki w prawie podatkowym. Podejmowane przez przedsiębiorstwo działania w rezultacie wpływają na zwiększenie wartości przedsiębiorstwa.
EN
Purpose: Identification of corporate governance as a concept combining the ethical and economic dimension of contemporary organizations, taking into account the category of enterprise value. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on critical analysis of the literature, mainly in the field of corporate governance, as well as in the area of corporate value and ethics in management. Findings: The considerations presented in this study show that corporate governance can be approached as a management tool that would enable an enterprise to achieve various goals, both in the area of economic efficiency and business ethics. This means that corporate governance can be perceived as a factor that links the ethical and economic dimensions of contemporary management. Practical implications: Although the presented considerations are theoretical, they can be useful in practice in the work of managers of various enterprises. That is because they show the effects that can be achieved through introducing elements of corporate governance in the company. They show governance as a tool enabling the achievement of various goals. Social implications: Presenting governance in this way may result in greater interest in this concept. Its application in practice may cause multi-faceted beneficial socioeconomic consequences because governance provides such possibilities. Originality/value: This study shows a specific approach to the issues of corporate governance. This is not only a well-perceived code of good practices, but – above all – a tool for achieving various goals that are important for the functioning of modern enterprises.
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Content available Life cycle business modelling
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EN
The article deals with the task of life cycle business modelling. In the article the strategic orientation of enterprises is examined from the point of estimation view of its possibility to cost creation. A problem consists in development of management mechanism of the difficult mutually concerted multistage complex of tasks in industries of cost creation for a consumer and cost of enterprise, as in turn laid out on the row of the recommended project measures. This task was set forth in terms of the dynamic programming. The brought analysis over of this task allowed forming the comfortable and transparent algorithm of her decision, and her erection in an eventual result to the task of the linear programming.
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