The first part of the article is devoted to the development of the definition of private tutoring – the third sector of education; research results are discussed in the micro and macro factors. The second part is devoted to selected negative and positive effects of private tutoring. Then, the third part presents the results of selected studies devoted to tutoring (teaching assistants), which are sponsored by the governments (or local governments, self-governance or autonomy) and, therefore, they are subject to the laws of the market. The presentation starts with an international survey “Monitoring tutoring”, in which nine countries participated: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Mongolia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Studies were conducted in the school year 2004/2005. For education in Poland it was a special year – the last year of separation between the Matura (matriculation examination) and entry exams to universities, also the last year of the internal Matura exams. After analysis of selected results of “Monitoring tutoring”, discussed the research will be conducted under the School Self-learning Centre for Civic Education and the local “barometer tutoring” in Kwidzyn, a town of around 40 thousand inhabitants in northern Poland. The fourth part discusses the legal and institutional contexts of tutoring in France, Finland, the other Scandinavian countries as well as South Korean parents’ struggle for the right to decide about their children’s tutoring.
The first part of the article is devoted to the development of the definition of private tutoring – the third sector of education; research results are discussed in the micro and macro factors. The second part is devoted to selected negative and positive effects of private tutoring. Then, the third part presents the results of selected studies devoted to tutoring (teaching assistants), which are sponsored by the governments (or local governments, self-governance or autonomy) and, therefore, they are subject to the laws of the market. The presentation starts with an international survey “Monitoring tutoring”, in which nine countries participated: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Mongolia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Studies were conducted in the school year 2004/2005. For education in Poland it was a special year – the last year of separation between the Matura (matriculation examination) and entry exams to universities, also the last year of the internal Matura exams. After analysis of selected results of “Monitoring tutoring”, discussed the research will be conducted under the School Self-learning Centre for Civic Education and the local “barometer tutoring” in Kwidzyn, a town of around 40 thousand inhabitants in northern Poland. The fourth part discusses the legal and institutional contexts of tutoring in France, Finland, the other Scandinavian countries as well as South Korean parents’ struggle for the right to decide about their children’s tutoring.
The Institution for Special Education at the Faculty of Pedagogic of the University of Kaposvár has been engaged in animal assisted activities for about three years. Our most recent research program was conducted for over two month in the Spring of 2014 with the involvement of 66 children - all kindergarten and elementary school age -, 11 special educators, physicians, psychologists, special educators, teachers, ethologists. The primary focus of our research was the development (and examination) of memory however observations with ethological and mental hygiene angles were a natural segment of our work. A significant part of the observations pointed to factors that both the children and their educators have experienced: the acceptance of each-other, an increased level of tolerance, an increased attention level towards the partner (human and animal). The teachers gave account of their respective observations in a small conference at the end of the last school year. Researches were offered a glimpse into the unique world of the relationship between a part of “living nature” - the pygmy rabbit in our case - and humans. During the 12 sessions of the training our colleagues have made observations that could serve as basis for a new system of paradigms of animal assisted pedagogics in the future. Our experience can also be re-considered with aspects of remedial pedagogics: we are convinced that animal assistance can become an accentuated part of the care of children and students with impairments. This is also implied by the fact that preparatory works for the continuation of this research at a kindergarten and at a school are already in progress.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, w których wykorzystano technikę eyetrackingową w celu analizy procesu odczytywania informacji przedstawionych za pomocą wykresów. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie. Rozważany pro-blem dotyczy możliwości identyfikacji wzorców przetwarzania informacji za pomocą techniki śledzenia ruchów gałek ocznych.
EN
This article presents the results of research, which used eye tracking technology to analyse the process of reading data from a graph. The survey was conducted among students of Pedagogical University of Cracow. The problem relates to the ability to identify patterns of information pro-cessing by means of eye tracking technology.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakościowych, w których wykorzystano technikę eye trackingową w celu analizy procesu odczytywania informacji przedstawionych w postaci infografik. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie. Rozważany problem dotyczy możliwości identyfikacji wzorców przetwarzania informacji za pomocą techniki śledzenia ruchów gałek ocznych (m.in. analizy ścieżki wzroku badanych) i możliwości ich aplikacji w doskonaleniu metod uczenia się wizualnego.
EN
This article presents the results of qualitative research, which used eye tracking technology to analyse the process of reading data from infographics. The survey was conducted among students of Pedagogical University of Cracow. The problem relates to the ability to identify patterns of information processing by means of eye tracking technology (inter alia by analysis of scan path) and their application in improving visual learning methods.
The article aims at questioning the critical paradigm in social sciences, and within, in educational research. Starting from the reconstruction of its main assumptions and the critical arguments against this paradigm I try to conceptualise a possibility of post-critical perspective in educational research with reference to the work of J. Rancière, A. Badiou and G. Biesta. The essence of this post-critical perspective I claim to be the practice of building, which requires a shift from philosophy of emancipation to philosophy of responsibility to be undertaken. The practice of building is understood as an intervention of a pedagogue into a social status quo, and is conceptualised with reference to the radical social constructivism of symbolic interactionism.
PL
Zasadniczym celem niniejszego artykułu jest problematyzacja krytycznego paradygmatu nauk społecznych i humanistycznych, w tym krytycznego paradygmatu uprawiania badań edukacyjnych, który – jak sądzę – przeżywa istotny szeroko komentowany na świecie kryzys. Następnie chciałbym wskazać rysującą się możliwość po-krytycznego ujmowania humanistyki, w tym badań społecznych i edukacyjnych.
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