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1
Content available Structural Similarities of the Economies of the European Union
100%
Grodzicki M.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2014
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tom 9
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nr 1
93-117
EN
From the point of view of the consequences of European integration, similarities of economic structures of member states are of high relevance. The main objective of the paper is to analyse how those similarities looked like in the period of 1970-2006 for EU15 and in 1995-2006 for EU25 countries. The analysis consists of two stages and refers to the similarities in employment composition between three sectors of economy, and also between subsectors of manufacturing and services – distinguished on the basis of their technological advancement and knowledge intensity. In the first step, on the basis of the EU-KLEMS database, a measure of structural similarity, Krugman specialization index, was calculated for all pairs of EU countries. Observation of its values points to an ongoing homogenization of EU15 economies and of their manufacturing structures, but also to an increase in differences of knowledge intensity in services. In the broader sample of EU25, de-spite an ongoing economic transition, no significant homogenization of structures was observable. As the second step, a cluster analysis was conducted, which allowed for identification of development patterns in the sample of European countries.
2
Content available Specialization and business cycles fluctuations of Polish regions
100%
Warżała R.
|
|
tom Vol. 16, no. 2
175--188
EN
The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the cyclical fluctuations in Poland on a regional perspective and the level of specialization of regional economies. To do this, the correlation between the morphology features of regional business cycles and the level of their specialization was made. The morphology features were represented by such parameters: cycle length, phase length, standard deviation ratio, coefficient of variation ratio and average amplitude of upward and downward phases. The evolution of economic structures was measured by the Krugman specialization index. Assessing the GDP cyclical fluctuations in the Polish regions during 1996–2013, it can be concluded that the regions have different sensitivity to economy “shocks,” both positive and negative. The results of the regional specialization measuring are ambiguous. Most of them appear falling specialization, and the others show stable specialization levels. Despite a few exceptions, a correlation between the level of regional specialization and the degree of sensitivity to economic disturbances can be observed. Regions that are less specialized and have more-diversified production structures show greater resistance to economic fluctuations. This is confirmed by the analysis of the morphology of cycles on a regional basis.
3
Content available Trends of economic development of Warsaw and their spatial implications
100%
Grochowski M. , Pieniążek M. , Wilk W. , Zegar T. , Miłaszewska M.
|
|
tom 12
225-231
EN
The article presents trends of change in Warsaw's economic structure and their influence upon the formation of the city's functional and spatial structure. Using the latest data on the employment structure and kinds of economic entities and their distribution, an attempt has also been made to determine the degree of absorption of the city economy by pro-development activities. On the basis of experiences of other European cities activity types indicating the existence of development trends in the city economy (pro-development activities) were chosen. Next, changes in the number of economic entities in these areas in 1988-2004 were analyzed. Research on the distribution of economic entities in Warsaw is based upon data from the REGON register.
4
Structural Changes and Structural Transformation in a Modern Development Economy / Strukturne Promene i Strukturna Transformacija u Savremenoj Razvojnoj Ekonomiji
88%
Marjanović V.
|
|
nr 1
63-82
EN
The concepts of structure and structural changes can be applied in many different ways. Relatedly, the roughest distinction is reflected in two approaches: development economics approach and econometric approach. This paper will rely on the development economics, because it seems that the econometric approach oversimplifies the structural analysis and structural changes. Development economics, which evolved through the interaction between theoretical research and empirical studies, deals with many issues related to structure and growth in less developed (developing) countries. In development economics, the economic structure analysis is observed mostly through micro and macro approach. The paper relies on a macroeconomic approach which views the economic development as a set of interrelated long-term processes of structural transformation accompanying the growth. Unlike the neoclassical approach, which makes a simple distinction of the economy to sectors producing tradable goods (with a high substitution) and sectors producing non-tradable goods, development economics studies structural adjustments of much serious complexity. Unlike other branches of economy, development economics has no universally accepted doctrine or paradigm. Instead, it is based on continuous evaluation of thinking, creating a ground for understanding the processes of modern economic development.
5
Content available The Maastricht Treaty and the accession of the Western Balkans. Reflections at its 30th anniversary over the coherence in the EU integration processes.
75%
Musaraj A.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
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2023
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tom 14
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nr 27
92-102
EN
At its 30th anniversary, the Maastricht Treaty remains a milestone in the history and practice of the European Union. This referring to the adhesion process, since the set of conditions that a country must accomplish have been settled and derived by the treaty, but also for the fact that now, after 20 years of entering in force, the Euro, the Union currency, has performed and faced different consecutive challenges, thus becoming observable concerning it effects and role, and as a consequence, its theoretical and practical validity. But there is yet a vast area, in the center of Europe, that is still dragging on its calvary of adhesion, that of the Western Balkans. At this point, considering the processes that the countries of this area have been going through, by pursuing the adhesion path, the analysis of the dominating factors that have determined the trajectory of their EU membership, becomes essential. The paper questions and analyses the validity of the Maastricht Treaty and subsequent criteria for the adhesion of the Western Balkan countries, as well as highlights on the ‘ad-hoc’ criteria and evaluations often applied during the process and their consequences in terms of the attitudes of the Balkan populations and their determination toward the EU and the Western Balkans adhesion.
6
Content available Systemic determinants for changes in economic structures. Theoretical approach
75%
Rydrowska-Kurzbauer J.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
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2020
|
tom z. 148
685--693
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present systemic determinants of structural changes in the economy Design/methodology/approach: The article uses critical literature analysis. The theory of structural changes and system theory was reviewed to reveal the impact of the economic system on changes in the economic structure. Findings: Owing to the conducted analysis, the relationship between the system and the economic structure was presented. On the one hand, shaping the structure turned out to be strategically important for the entire system. On the other, the structure may depend on broadly understood conditions resulting from the properties of the system itself or its environment. Hence, for the same purposes, the systems may differ in their structure, which will be chosen to apply to the existing determinant. It can therefore be assumed that the system is an important determinant for structural adjustments in the economy. Originality/value: The literature on the subject, as the main factors of changes in economic structures, primarily reveals: the introduction and diffusion of new technologies and the increase in global trade. The nature of their influence has been extensively described by economists. However, systemic determinants of structural transformations are still hardly documented.
7
Content available Decoupling Analysis, Economic Structure on Environmental Pressure in Vietnam During 2008–2018
75%
Huong T. T.
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
|
2023
|
tom Vol. 24, iss. 9
191--203
EN
In this research, we display the trajectories of Vietnam’s environmental pressure throughout the years during 2008–2018 and identify the underlying socioeconomic driving factors through input-output and forward-backward linkage analysis. Decoupling index (DI) and input-output analysis (IOA) indicated that mining, the extraction, and use of fossil fuels, as well as energy generation for daily life and manufacturing industries, are the primary contributors to rising environmental pressures (DI; forward and backward linkage values > 1). Vietnam’s decoupling performance has four distinct phases. Mineral and fossil fuel depletion; climate change in the short-term and long-term, and water stress indexes (the ratio of total annual freshwater withdrawal to hydrological availability) were high with 456.91%; 55.91%; 54.43%; 41.87%; and 30%, respectively during 2008–2018.
8
Content available remote Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego i handlu zagranicznego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939)
75%
Klimiuk Z.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2021
|
tom 1
75-88
EN
The economic development of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the interwar period did not remove essential structural defects in foreign trade, such as: regionalism, compliance of export and import directions, too much concentration on several markets, low assortment diversity and typically raw material and agricultural export structure. Mutual exchange took place on a small scale and was often unilateral, and its size did not generally exceed 10% of the total turnover of this zone. In addition, it was also characterized by a significant degree of concentration and occurred mainly between neighboring countries and in a narrow range. One of the fundamental reasons explaining the low level of mutual trade was the far-reaching mutual competitiveness of the economies of these countries. The high similarity of export structures and assortments as well as the identity of import needs at a weak level, with a similar export expansion rate, have created significant elements of competition between the economies of the region. In the interwar period, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were not strongly involved in foreign trade, with the exception of Czechoslovakia. They were generally poorly developed raw material and agricultural countries, exporting mainly raw materials and food to developed countries of Western Europe, and in particular to Germany. Their total share in world trade was at the level of approx. 3% at that time. The low level of involvement of these countries in world trade was indicated in particular by small export volumes per one inhabitant.
9
Economic restructure and reform of growth model in Vietnam
75%
Cuong V. H.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2013
|
nr 3
10
Content available remote Kosíkova dialektika konkrétního
75%
Landa I.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 2, Special No: Hledání ztraceného času
231-257
EN
The paper deals with Kosík’s conception of dialectics. First section clarifies Kosík’s essentialism and lays out its normative implications. Second section sheds some light on Kosík’s understanding of reciprocity in connection with Hegel’s conception of interaction. Tird section concerns the distinction between methods of inquiry and methods of explication.
11
The system and structural changes of the Slovak rural areas
75%
Belajova A. , Madarova L.
Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Agraria
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2003
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tom 40
|
nr Sek.ekon.
EN
This paper deals with changes in economical structure of rural areas, which are a result of changes in ownership. The changes in ownership of public property are initialized by decentralization and modernization of public management in Slovakia.
PL
Stały spadek znaczenia rolnictwa w rozwoju ekonomii terenów wiejskich jest rezultatem wielu zmian strukturalnych jakie zachodzą na tych terenach. Obecnie ekonomiczna dywersyfikacja jest ukierunkowana na usługi publiczne (transport, budownictwo, usługi remontowe), działalności biznesowe i przemysł.
12
Content available remote Statystyczne podejście do badań dynamiki struktur ekonomicznych
63%
Kukuła K.
|
2014
|
tom 21
|
nr 2
84-91
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie metod badania zmian strukturalnych w dłuższych okresach czasu. Przedstawiono definicję struktury addytywnej, stwarzającą bazę do tworzenia metodologii badania zmian strukturalnych w czasie i przestrzeni. Omówiono krótko miary zmian strukturalnych wskazując na jedną z nich. Zaprezentowano sposób badania stałości kursu zmian strukturalnych (monotoniczność struktur). Na zakończenie omówiono sytuację, w której jedna ze struktur dąży do osiągnięcia stanu innej struktury uznanej za wzorcową.
EN
The aim of the paper is to show the methods of investigating of structural changes in long term periods of time. The definition of additive structure was presented, which formed the foundation for the construction of methodology of investigating structural changes in time and space. Measures of structural changes were discussed briefly with special focus on one of them. The way of investigating of the stability of the course of structural changes was presented (monotony of structures). Finally, the situation, where one of the structures tends to achieve the status of some other structure assumed to be the module was discussed.
13
Regional population development and the service sector in Austria
63%
Stiglbauer K.
|
|
tom 59
14
Content available Proces transformacji gospodarstw osób prawnych w latach 1990-1996
51%
Dzun W.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2014
|
nr 2(339)
14-38
EN
The article analyses the changes in the sector of farms operated by legal persons between 1990 and 1996, i.e. in a period that marked the most fundamental systemic changes. The adoption and implementation of the idea of accelerating the transformation of ownership relationships in agriculture, aimed at reducing public as well as collective private ownership and instead extending and enhancing private ownership by natural persons, resulted in liquidating the production sector of State agricultural enterprises and weakening agricultural cooperatives. At the same time, the process removed the territorial barriers to the development of farms run by natural persons, which made it possible to establish farms operated by private legal persons in legal and organisational forms other than cooperatives. As a result, a very dynamic transformation process began, not only in the ownership structure of farms, but also in organisational, legal, territorial and economic structure. The paper presents changes in the entire sector of farms operated by legal persons, considering the different legal and organisational forms as well as area, and the changes in the share of those farms in the use of agricultural land, labour resources, capital resources, and in agricultural production. The paper also presents changes in the efficiency of agricultural production in farms of that sector against farms operated by natural persons.
15
Transformation of Poland’s spatial-economic structure in the years 1998–2008
51%
Czyz T.
|
|
nr 2
16
Economic base development in rural regions in the Slovak Republic
51%
Gecikova I. , Balazova E. , Papcunova V.
Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis. Oeconomica
|
2008
|
tom 52
17
Content available Tradycyjny okręg przemysłowy z perspektywy 25-lecia funkcjonowania w gospodarce rynkowej w Polsce. Przykład Górnośląskiego Okręgu Przemysłowego
51%
Tkocz M.
|
2015
|
tom 29
|
nr 4
112-126
PL
Głębokie zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce, a szczególnie w przemyśle krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, wywołane przez innowacje technologiczne, organizacyjne oraz globalizację gospodarki, pozostawiły na marginesie światowej ekspansji tradycyjne regiony przemysłowe. Wymagały one całkowitej restrukturyzacji, ponieważ cechowała je monofunkcyjność gospodarki. Do takich regionów zalicza się Górnośląski Okręg Przemysłowy (GOP), którego proces restrukturyzacji rozpoczął się dopiero w okresie transformacji gospodarczej Polski, czyli po roku 1989. W artykule podjęto problematykę funkcjonowania tego największego okręgu przemysłowego w Polsce w okresie 25-lecia gospodarki rynkowej, od roku 1988 do 2013, przy czym analizie poddano najbardziej uprzemysłowioną, centralną część GOP, pretendującą aktualnie do roli metropolii Silesia, a obejmującą 14 miast: Bytom, Chorzów, Dąbrowę Górniczą, Gliwice, Jaworzno, Katowice, Mysłowice, Piekary Śląskie, Rudę Śląską, Siemianowice Śląskie, Sosnowiec, Świętochłowice, Tychy i Zabrze. W artykule skoncentrowano się na zmianach liczby pracujących, zwłaszcza w przemyśle, i określeniu przyczyn tych zmian. Szczegółowej analizie poddano funkcjonowanie tradycyjnych sektorów gospodarki GOP, jak górnictwo węgla kamiennego i hutnictwo żelaza. W kontekście zmniejszającej się roli wymienionych branż w gospodarce regionu podjęto próbę określenia, jakie nowe dziedziny wytwórczości pojawiły się w regionie i czy petryfikują one dotychczasową strukturę, czy też wpływają na jej dywersyfikację.
XX
Profound structural changes in the economy, and especially in the industry of highly developed countries, triggered by technological organisational innovation, as well as globalization of the economy, have left traditional industrial regions on the margin of global expansion. They had required deep restructuring because it was characterized by mono-functionality of the economy. These regions include the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, the restructuring process of which began in the period of the Polish economic transformation after 1989. The article discusses the functioning of the largest industrial district in Poland during the 25 years of the market economy, from 1988 to 2013, the analysis was conducted on the most industrialized central part of the GOP, currently pretending to the role of the metropolis Silesia, and covering 14 cities: Bytom, Chorzów, Dąbrowę Górniczą, Gliwice, Jaworzno, Katowice, Mysłowice, Piekary Śląskie,, Rudę Śląską, Siemianowice Śląskie, Sosnowiec, Świętochłowice, Tychy and Zabrze. The article is focused on the changes in the number of employees, especially in the industry, and identify the causes of these changes. GOP traditional industries such as mining and iron were analysed in detail. In the context of decreasing role of these sectors in the regional economy, an attempt was made to identify new areas of production which occurred in the region and whether they petrify the previous structure or affect its diversification.
18
Rola dużych i średnich miast województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego w procesie rozwoju regionu
38%
Suchta J. , Doronska A. , Cellmer A.
|
2007
|
tom 06
|
nr 1
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