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1
Content available Толковый словарь как предмет лингвистического исследования
100%
Kamalova A.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
|
2009
|
tom Tom 1 Nr XIV
397-404
EN
The source of research is V.I. Dalya’s Explanatory dictionary. The material of research is a dictionary entry „Rain”. The dictionary entry is studied as the text. Methods cognitive linguistics, the logic analysis are applied. The author find out typological attributes of the dictionary and confirms high quality of V.I. Dalya’s Explanatory dictionary.
2
Content available Implementation of the Bulgarian-Polish online dictionary
88%
Dimitrova L. , Dutsova R.
Cognitive Studies
|
2012
|
nr 12
EN
Implementation of the Bulgarian-Polish online dictionaryThe paper describes the implementation of an online Bulgarian-Polish dictionary as a technological tool for applications in digital humanities. This bilingual digital dictionary is developed in the frame of the joint research project “Semantics and Contrastive Linguistics with a focus on a bilingual electronic dictionary” between IMI-BAS and ISS-PAS, supervised by L. Dimitrova (IMI-BAS) and V. Koseska-Toszewa (ISS-PAS). In addition, the main software tools for web-presentation of the dictionary are described briefly.
3
Принципы построения русско-польского словаря разговорной речи
75%
Drużyłowska D.
|
2017
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tom 165
91-99
EN
This paper is the result of the initial work on a project aimed to develop Russian-Polish dictionary of colloquial language. The work on the dictionary started in 2015 as part of an international project run by the Centre of the Russian Language at the Institute of Slavic Studies at The University of Wroclaw, as well as the State University of St. Petersburg. Both lecturers and the graduate and post-graduate students formed the lexicographical group. The main purpose of the article is to define the meaning of colloquial language in every­day communication, regarding the changes that have occurred in recent decades at the lexical and phraseological level of the language. The author also presents and analyses the variety of this level of the Russian language. Moreover, the objective factors to develop Russian-Polish dictionary of colloquial speech are named. The crucial part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the microstructure of the dictionary. The author presents exemplary dictionary entries and discusses their particular elements.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem wstępnej realizacji międzynarodowego projektu leksykograficznego zmierzającego do opracowania rosyjsko-polskiego słownika mowy potocznej. Pracę nad słownikiem rozpoczęto w 2015 roku w ramach międzynarodowego projektu Cen­trum Języka Rosyjskiego Instytutu Filologii Słowiańskiej Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego oraz Pań­stwowego Uniwersytetu w Petersburgu. W skład zespołu leksykograficznego weszli zarówno wy­kładowcy, jak i doktoranci oraz studenci IFS. Celem artykułu jest przede wszystkim określenie miejsca języka potocznego w codziennej ko­munikacji, zwrócenie uwagi na zmiany, jakie zaszły w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach na płaszczyźnie leksykalnej i frazeologicznej tej odmiany języka, i omówienie obiektywnych czynników przema­wiających za podjęciem pracy nad wspomnianym słownikiem. Drugą część artykułu poświęcono prezentacji wybranych artykułów hasłowych.
4
Content available Оblicza kultury w słownikach lingwokulturologicznych na przykładzie Kościeja Nieśmiertelnego (Кащея «Кощея» Бессмерт¬ного)
71%
Olechno-Wasiluk J.
Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog
|
2016
|
nr 6
163-172
EN
The article compares descriptions of a linguistic unit Kashei the Immortal in entries in two linguocultural dictionaries. The choice of the analytical material is based on the fact that in the Russian collective consciousness Kashei the Immortal functions  as one of the most vivid examples of negative characters. The repelling appearance and personality of the character appear in songs, nursery rhymes and puzzles. Moreover, there stories about Kashei are passed from generation to generation. The comparison  of the entry Kashei the Immortal in linguocultural dictionaries aims at determining to what extent common knowledge about the analyzed linguistic unit is present in lexicographical publications.
5
Content available Několik poznámek k současné německojazyčné frazeografii
63%
Šichová K. , Šemelík M.
|
2016
|
tom 98
|
nr 2
241-253
EN
Among linguists there is a lively interest in phraseology, which is still a relatively young branch of linguistics. However, its basic descriptive application, phraseography, whose task is to collect and describe phraseological expressions of a given language, is still a rather neglected area, at least in terms of integrating theory into practice. The paper reports on two relatively modern phraseological dictionaries of German and takes up the question of their user-friendliness. It examines the notion of phraseme in these dictionaries against the background of František Čermák’s conception of phraseology. Unsurprisingly, it turns out that both dictionaries are in need of substantial improvements if they are to become really effective tools for resolving language problems, which is the essential function of every dictionary. Nonetheless, some of the special features of Deutsche Idiomatik by Hans Schemann deserve recognition and make the dictionary exceptional. For this reason, the paper voices the need for a discussion of Schemann’s phraseographical works in Czech linguistics, or, more precisely, in Czech phraseography. In addition, the paper comments on DUDEN 11: Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik which is probably the most popular German dictionary of this type.
6
Content available The Electronic Historical Latvian Dictionary Based on the Corpus of Early Written Latvian Texts
63%
Andronova E. , Siliņa-Piņķe R. , Trumpa A. , Vanags P.
|
|
tom 40
EN
The Electronic Historical Latvian Dictionary Based on the Corpus of Early Written Latvian Texts This article deals with the development of the Electronic Historical Latvian Diction­ary (http://www.tezaurs.lv/lvvv) based on the Corpus of Early Written Latvian Texts (http://www.korpuss.lv/senie/). Some issues concerning the compilation and processing of the corpus data are discussed and the main sources added to the Corpus during the four-year project are described: the 16th c. Lord’s Prayers, 17th c. dictionaries, texts of oaths and laws, religious texts and so-called dedication poetry. The aim of the project is to compile a pilot electronic dictionary of 16th–17th century Latvian where all parts of speech are represented among the entries. This dictionary will contain ca. 1,200 entries, including both proper names and common nouns.The main emphasis is on the description of the dictionary entries supplied with relevant practical and theoretical observations. Each part of the dictionary entry is discussed, followed by comments on various issues pertaining to that part (e.g., the choice of headword and the representation of spelling versions) and how these were resolved. Special attention is paid to the head of entry, explanation of meaning deduced from the examples found in the corpus, different types of collocations and their representation in the dictionary, as well as etymological information. Finally, we present a brief review of the dictionary writing software TLex 2013 based on our experience with this tool. Elektroniczny historyczny słownik łotewski oparty na korpusie wczesnych tekstów łotewskichArtykuł poświęcony jest powstawaniu Elektronicznego historycznego słownika łotewskiego (http://www.tezaurs.lv/lvvv) w oparciu o korpus wczesnych tekstów łotewskich (http://www.korpuss.lv/senie/). Omówiono niektóre kwestie odnoszące się do opraco­wania i przetwarzania danych korpusowych. Ponadto opisano główne źródła dodane do korpusu w okresie czteroletniej pracy nad nim: Modlitewnik z XVI w., słowniki, teksty ślubowań i statutów, teksty religijne i tzw. poezja dedykowana z XVII w. Celem projektu jest opracowanie pilotażowego elektronicznego słownika szesnasto- i siedemnastowiecznego języka łotewskiego, w którym hasła obejmą wszystkie części mowy. Słownik będzie zawierał około 1200 haseł, w tym nazwy własne i rzeczowniki pospolite.Główny nacisk położono na opis haseł słownikowych, zawierający istotne uwagi praktyczne i teoretyczne. Omówiono poszczególne części hasła słownikowego, po czym umieszczono komentarz odnoszący się do różnych kwestii związanych z daną częścią (np. wybór hasła wyrazowego i przedstawienia wersji pisowni) i do przyję­tych rozwiązań. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono główce hasła, objaśnieniu znaczenia wynikającego z przykładów występujacych w korpusie, różnym rodzajom kolokacji i ich przedstawieniu w słowniku, jak też informacjom etymologicznym. Na końcu zamieszczono zwięzły przegląd oprogramowania słownikowego TLex 2013, oparty na doświadczeniu autorów, zdobytym podczas pracy z tym narzędziem.
7
Content available remote Odborní konzultanti všeobecného výkladového slovníku (praktické zkušenosti lexikografického týmu ze spolupráce s odborníky)
63%
Nová J. , Opavská Z.
|
|
nr 1-2
51-63
EN
Specialized vocabulary of various fields and domains forms a huge part of general dictionaries, and lexicographers need to cooperate with field specialists when treating specialized words. Based on the experience of the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech team, we describe the process of acquiring advisers for a dictionary, ways of communication with them, the character of their work, possible difficulties and other practical aspects of this important part of the dictionary-making process.
8
Content available Glottodydaktyczne aspekty opisu słownikowego kolokacji
63%
Labocha M.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2021
|
tom 69
|
nr 10
121-138
EN
This article expands on the issues related to the structure of dictionary entries in bilingual dictionaries and to their glottodidactic context. It predominantly focusses on collocations which illustrate specific entries and serve as a dual-level semantic verification for dictionary users. Appropriately matched word sets can be a valuable resource in language didactics, as has been suggested by research investigating dictionaries both for learners and for general use. Thus, this article presents the model of a dictionary entry meeting the standards of both didactic and general lexicography. The selection of specific collocations is based on a corpus study (The National Corpus of the Russian Language). The analysis presented here reveals that it is possible to establish clear schemata of connectivity, which can help in searching for optimal collocation matches for lexicographical needs.
PL
Celem artykułu jest rozwinięcie problematyki semantycznej struktury artykułu hasłowego w słowniku przekładowym (dwujęzycznym) w kontekście glottodydaktycznym. Zasadniczym przedmiotem badań są kolokacje, stanowiące zarówno ilustrację dla jednostek hasłowych, jak i będące elementem dwustopniowej weryfikacji semantycznej i uzualnej dla użytkownika słownika. Odpowiednio dobrane zestawy połączeń wyrazowych przedstawiają wartość dydaktyczną i są postulowane zarówno przez badaczy przekładowych słowników dydaktycznych, jak i przekładowych słowników ogólnych. W związku z tym w artykule prezentowany jest model artykułu hasłowego spełniający oczekiwania zarówno leksykografii dydaktycznej, jak i ogólnej. Dobór poszczególnych kolokacji oparty jest na badaniu korpusowym (Narodowy Korpus Języka Rosyjskiego). Analiza zaproponowana w artykule pokazuje, że możliwe jest również ustalenie czytelnych schematów łączliwości, które mogą pomóc w poszukiwaniu optymalnego zestawienia kolokacji na potrzeby leksykograficzne.
9
Content available Web-based software system for processing bilingual digital resources
63%
Dutsova R.
Cognitive Studies
|
2014
|
nr 14
33-43
EN
The article describes a software management system developed at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, BAS, for the creation, storing and processing of digital language resources in Bulgarian. Independent components of the system are intended for the creation and management of bilingual dictionaries, for information retrieval and data mining from a bilingual dictionary, and for the presentation of aligned corpora. A module which connects these components is also being developed. The system, implemented as a web-application, contains tools for compilation, editing and search within all components.
10
Content available remote Poznámky k tvorbě slovníku na základe korpusu / Notes on Compiling a Corpus-Based Dictionary
63%
Čermák F.
Jazykovedný Casopis
|
2013
|
tom 64
|
nr 2
133-150
EN
On the basis of sample analysis of a Czech adjective, a definition based on the data drawn from the Czech National Corpus (cf. Čermák and Schmiedtová 2003) is gradually compiled and finally offered, pointing at the drawbacks of definitions found in traditional dictionaries. Steps undertaken here are then generalized and used, in an ordered sequence (similar to a work-flow ordering), as topics, briefly discussed in the second part to which lexicographers of monolingual dictionaries should pay attention. These are supplemented by additional remarks and caveats useful in the compilation of a dictionary. Thus, a brief survey of some of the major steps of dictionary compilation is presented here, supplemented by the original Czech data, analyzed in their raw, though semiotically classified form
11
Słownikowy obraz chi ‘jeść’ w leksykografii chińskiej i tajwańskiej
63%
Sroka-Grądziel A. , Stoch N.
Prace Językoznawcze
|
2021
|
tom XXIII/3
177–196
PL
Celem pracy jest rekonstrukcja słownikowego obrazu chi (吃) ‘jeść’ w standardzie tajwańskim i kontynentalnym współczesnego języka chińskiego. Jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystany został językowy obraz świata w rozumieniu szkoły lubelskiej, a materiał badawczy stanowią dwie pozycje leksykograficzne: Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Chiny) oraz Guoyu Cidian (Tajwan). Analiza porównawcza obejmuje morfem chi oraz jednostki leksykalne zaczynające się od tego elementu. Badanie wykazało m.in., że zrekonstruowane obrazy chi nie są spójne. Spowodowane jest to różnicami zarówno w liczbie i rodzaju haseł, jak i w ich sensach oraz sensach morfemu chi. Jednak, jako że badane standardy należą do tego samego języka, przeważają w nich wspólne kategorie semantyczne reprezentowane przez jednostki leksykalne.
EN
The aim of the article is to reconstruct the dictionary picture of chi (吃) ‘eat’ in Mainland Mandarin and Taiwanese Mandarin. The methodology is based on the linguistic worldview employed by the Lublin school of ethnolinguistics. Two lexicographic sources are used in the research: Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (China) and Guoyu Cidian (Taiwan). This comparative study analyses the morpheme chi and lexical units beginning with it. The research has shown, among other findings, that the reconstructed pictures of chi are not equivalent. The detected differences result from both the number and category of entries, as well as their senses and senses of the morpheme chi. However, as the examined variants belong to the same language, shared semantic categories represented by lexical units are dominant in the pictures of chi.
12
Interpretation of Ukrainian and Polish Adverbial Word Equivalents Form and Meaning Interaction in National Explanatory Lexicography
63%
Luchyk A.
|
|
nr 13
EN
Interpretation of Ukrainian and Polish Adverbial Word Equivalents Form and Meaning Interaction in National Explanatory LexicographyThe article proves the necessity and possibility of compiling dictionaries with intermediate existence status glossary units, to which the word equivalents belong. In order to form the Ukrainian-Polish dictionary glossary of this type the form and meaning analysis of Ukrainian and Polish word equivalents is done, the common and distinctive features of these language system elements are described, the compiling principles of such dictionary are clarified.
13
Content available Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary)
63%
Dimitrova L. , Koseska-Toszewa V. , Satoła-Staśkowiak J.
Cognitive Studies
|
2012
|
nr 12
EN
Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary)The paper discusses the presentation of neologisms in the recent version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary. We also continue the discussion of important problems related to the classifiers of the verbs as headwords of the digital dictionary entries. We analyze some examples from ongoing experimental version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary.
14
Content available remote Ілюстрацыйны параметр у лінгвістычнай тэрмінаграфіі
51%
Дзятко Д.
|
2020
|
nr 19
53-66
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze the constitutional and content-related features of illustrative parameters within the structure of a dictionary entry, drawing upon the material of explanatory dictionaries of linguistic terms. The problem is studied in four aspects: the degree of research of illustrative parameter in linguistics; factors affecting the volume and nature of images in dictionaries; ways to include images in the structure of a dictionary entry; types of images used in metaterminography. Images in lexicography in general and in terminography in particular are quite important, since they allow the user to: supplement the information contained in the definition conceptually; demonstrate the nature of the context in which a registered word can be used; distinguish one meaning from another; identify various grammatical models and determine the scope of typical combinations; outline the scope of use of a registered unit, etc.
RU
Мэта артыкула − на матэрыяле тлумачальных слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў прааналізаваць канстытуцыйна-кантэнтныя асаблівасці ілюстрацыйнага параметра ў структуры слоўнікавага артыкула. Праблема вывучаецца ў чатырох аспектах: ступень даследаванасці ілюстрацыйнага параметра ў лінгвістыцы; фактары, якія ўплываюць на аб’eм і характар ілюстрацый у слоўніках; спосабы ўключэння ілюстрацый у структуру слоўнікавага артыкула; тыпы ілюстрацый, якія выкарыстоўваюцца ў метатэрмінаграфіі. Ілюстрацыі ў лексікаграфіі ў цэлым і ў тэрмінаграфіі ў прыватнасці дастаткова важныя, паколькі дазваляюць: канцэптуальна дапоўніць інфармацыю ў дэфініцыі; прадэманстраваць характар кантэксту, у якім можа выступаць рэестравае слова; адрозніць адно значэнне ад другога; ідэнтыфікаваць разнастайныя граматычныя мадэлі і вызначыць сферу тыповых спалучэнняў; акрэсліць сферу выкарыстання рэестравай адзінкі і інш.
15
Content available Hasło w słowniku gwarowym – problem metodologiczny współczesnej dialektologii
51%
Pelcowa H.
Gwary Dziś
|
2021
|
tom 14
277-288
EN
The issue under discussion concerns the methodological issues pertaining to the cognitive and scientific values of an entry in a dialect dictionary, viewed from the point of view of practical usefulness of dialectal, regional and local dictionaries and their practicality in a dialogue between generations and in the region’s promotion. The essence of the dictionary entry is the number and arrangement of its components, their representativeness and ability to exert influence; the dictionary contains also maps and illustrations, until recently reserved for other kinds of publications. In general, maps and illustrations should be part of an entry, providing geographic information, allowing at the same time to locate a lexeme in a region’s dialect structure and to arrive at its multifaceted visualisations. Keeping in mind its practicality, an entry should be provided with contextual information, using standardised and uniform spelling; it should also include the phonetic, morphological and syntactic peculiarities of a regional dialect. The qualifiers should point to the socially-determined status of a lexeme and form the basis for an entry’s interpretation in its chronological, social, cultural and civilisation-related dimensions.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań są problemy metodologiczne związane z wartością naukową i poznawczą hasła słownikowego, rozpatrywane w aspekcie praktycznej użyteczności słowników gwarowych regionalnych i lokalnych oraz ich przydatności w dialogu pokoleń i promocji regionu. Istotą hasła słownikowego jest zarówno liczba i układ poszczególnych jego segmentów składowych, ich reprezentatywność i możliwość oddziaływania, jak i włączenie do słownika mapy i ilustracji, zarezerwowanych jeszcze do niedawna dla innych publikacji. Mapa i ilustracja powinny zostać wkomponowane w hasło, zgodnie z założeniem pozwalającym na pełne wykorzystanie informacji geograficznych, a jednocześnie na uchwycenie miejsca danego leksemu w strukturze gwarowej regionu z wszechstronną wizualizacją desygnatu.
16
Content available remote Ke zpracování názvů pekařských a cukrářských výrobků v Akademickém slovníku současné češtiny
51%
Procházková B.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2016
|
tom 99
|
nr 2
84-91
EN
This article analyses the treatment of the names of bakery and confectionery products in the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech (Akademický slovník současné češtiny). It devotes attention to the choice of genus proximum for explanation and to the role of exemplification in illustrating the meaning of the given lexical unit. Based on a sample of entries, we aim to present how the method of the ASSČ differs from the practice of previous Czech monolingual dictionaries.
17
Content available remote Booster
51%
Tvrdá K.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2023
|
tom 106
|
nr 2
133-139
EN
The article presents the dictionary entry booster, which was additionally incorporated into the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech. One of its meanings, ‘a dose of a vaccine that increases or renews the effect of an earlier one,’ has expanded in Czech rather widely in connection with the covid pandemic; however, four other meanings of this lexeme were identified on the basis of data from the Czech National Corpus. First the semantic structure of the entry is introduced, then I focus on how users of Czech orient themselves to the fact that the lexeme is a neologism.
18
Content available Беларуская лінгвістычная транстэрмінаграфія канца XX – пачатку XXI стагоддзя (на матэрыяле руска-беларускіх, беларуска-рускіх і шматмоўных слоўнікаў)
44%
Дзятко Д.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
|
2019
|
nr 17
13-28
EN
During the 20th and 21st centuries, the Belarusian linguistic terminography developed in close connection with other branches of terminography under the direct influence of specific social and political circumstances. During this period, local linguists compiled more than 70 different dictionaries of linguistic terms: stand-alone and incorporation dictionaries, general and aspectual dictionaries, selection dictionaries and usage dictionaries, translation dictionaries, explanatory and explanatory-translation dictionaries, alphabetical and alphanumeric dictionaries, etc. Certain issues of the development of Belarusian terminography are summarized in the studies of L. Antanyuk, G. Gvazdovich, M. Gulitski, A. Zhurauski, A. Padluzhny, M. Sudnik, T. Tamashevich, L. Shakun and others (mainly in the context of studies of the history of Belarusian linguistics and terminology). The publications of A. Adamovich and A. Kaurus, A. Krivitsky, P. Martinouski, R. Ageeva and others are devoted to the surveying of criticism of dictionaries of linguistic terms. The structure of the most authoritative dictionaries and their content were investigated in detail by V. Shcherbin who explored various aspects of the history of terminography. However, until our time, the whole field of the formation of linguistic termography in the Belarusian linguistics has not been systematized, nor are there any conceptual studies available on the methodology of terminographic practice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of the modern Belarusian translation terminography (transterminography) and identify the main trends in the methodology of terminographic practice. Research objectives: to identify which types of dictionaries prevail in the Belarusian translation terminography; characterize the types of microstructure of the translation linguistic dictionaries; determine what challenges the modern Belarusian transterminography is facing. The research material was the Belarusian stand-alone dictionaries and incorporation dictionaries in which linguistic terms are translated from Russian into Belarusian, from Belarusian into Russian, and multilingual dictionaries of linguistic terms in which Russian and Belarusian are input or output languages. Research methods – a descriptive method of synchronous analysis with elements of diachronic method, a comparative method and some individual techniques of component analysis. The study confirms a number of conclusions. Bilingual dictionaries prevail in the modern linguistic transterminography. Among the stand-alone dictionaries, a major part falls within Russian-Belarusian editions. Among incorporation dictionaries, the Belarusian-Russian dictionaries of usage are most numerous (largely due to a significant number of mikrodictionaries found in Belarusian language school textbooks). The typology of multilingual linguistic dictionaries seems redundant because most publications are unique in their structural and substantive features. So, in different layouts, the Belarusian, Russian, Polish, and Chinese languages are available as stand-alone dictionaries, and the Belarusian, Russian, English, German, French, Spanish, Polish and Chinese languages are corporation dictionaries. The microstructure of the major part of translation dictionaries is elementary and is formed by the nomination zone and the equivalent zone. In some cases, the area of grammatical information (a fragment of the inflection chain and an indication of the grammatical-semantic class of words) is also included in the dictionary entry. Further development of the Belarusian transterminography (first of all, the Belarusian-Russian and Russian-Belarusian) needs some adjustment on the part of the scientific community. The number of translation dictionaries has already reached that “critical volume” at which quantitative indicators must be balanced by qualitative ones. This means that based on compiled dictionaries a thorough metatheory of terminographic activity should be developed that would affect both the technical and linguistic aspects of creating special dictionaries. In our opinion, one of the possible implementations of such a theory and a process step towards overcoming the crisis in linguistic transterminography could be the creation of consolidated translation dictionaries of terms that would, within the framework of one scientific paradigm, summarize the experience accumulated over a century of systematization, codification and translation.
RU
На працягу ХХ–ХХІ стст. беларуская лінгвістычная тэрмінаграфія развівалася ў цеснай сувязі з іншымі галінамі тэрмінаграфіі пад непасрэдным уплывам канкрэтных сацыяльна-палітычных абставін. За гэты перыяд айчыннымі мовазнаўцамі было створана больш за 70 разнастайных слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў: аўтаномных і інкарпараваных, агульных і аспектных, слоўнікаў-падборак і слоўнікаў-дадаткаў, перакладных, тлумачальных і тлумачальна-перакладных, алфавітных і алфавітна-гнездавых і інш. Асобныя пытанні развіцця беларускай тэрмінаграфіі абагульняюцца ў даследаваннях Л. Антанюк, Г. Гваздовіч, М. Гуліцкага, А. Жураўскага, А. Падлужнага, М. Судніка, Т. Тамашэвіча, Л. Шакуна і інш. (пераважна ў кантэксце вывучэння гісторыі беларускага мовазнаўства і тэрміназнаўства). Публікацыі А. Адамовіча і А. Каўруса, А. Крывіцкага, П. Марціноўскага, Р. Агеевай і інш. прысвечаны агляднай крытыцы слоўнікаў лінгвістычных тэрмінаў. Падрабязна і ў розных аспектах гісторыю тэрмінаграфіі, структуру найбольш аўтарытэтных слоўнікаў і іх змест даследаваў В. Шчэрбін. Аднак да нашага часу ў беларускай лінгвістыцы не сістэматызаваны ўвесь ход станаўлення мовазнаўчай тэрмінаграфіі, адсутнічаць таксама канцэптуальныя працы па метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці. Мэта гэтага даследавання – прааналізаваць стан сучаснай беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі (транстэрмінаграфіі) і выявіць асноўныя трэнды ў метадалогіі тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці. Задачы даследавання: выявіць, якія тыпы слоўнікаў пераважаюць у беларускай перакладной тэрмінаграфіі; ахарактарызаваць тыпы мікраструктуры перакладных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў; вызначыць задачы, якія стаяць перад сучаснай беларускай транстэрмінаграфіяй. Матэрыялам для даследавання паслужылі беларускія аўтаномныя і інкарпараваныя слоўнікі, у якіх лінгвістычныя тэрміны перакладаюцца з рускай мовы на беларускую, з беларускай мовы на рускую, а таксама шматмоўныя слоўнікі лінгвістычных тэрмінаў, у якіх уваходнай або выходнымі мовамі з’яўляюцца руская і беларуская. Метады даследавання – апісальны метад сінхроннага аналізу з элементамі дыяхраніі, параўнальна-супастаўляльны метад і асобныя прыёмы кампанентнага аналізу. У працэсе даследавання абгрунтоўваецца шэраг высноў. У сучаснай лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі пераважаюць двухмоўныя слоўнікі. Сярод аўтаномных большая частка прыпадае на руска-беларускія выданні. З інкарпараваных слоўнікаў пераважаюць беларуска-рускія слоўнікі-дадаткі (у значнай ступені за кошт істотнай колькасці мікраслоўнікаў, змешчаных у школьных падручніках па беларускай мове). Тыпалогія шматмоўных лінгвістычных слоўнікаў уяўляецца збыткоўнай, паколькі многія выданні па сваіх структурна-зместавых асаблівасцях з’яўляюцца ўнікальнымі. Так, у рознай кампаноўцы ў аўтаномных слоўніках прадстаўлены беларуская, руская, польская, кітайская мовы, а ў інкарпараваных – беларуская, руская, англійская, нямецкая, французская, іспанская, польская і кітайская мовы. Мікраструктура пераважнай большасці перакладных слоўнікаў элементарная і фарміруецца зонай намінацыі і зонай эквівалентаў. У асобных выпадках у слоўнікавы артыкул уключаецца таксама зона граматычнай інфармацыі (фрагмент парадыгмы словазмянення і ўказанне на граматычна-семантычны клас слоў). Далейшае развіццё беларускай транстэрмінаграфіі (у першую чаргу, беларуска-рускай і руска-беларускай) мае патрэбу ў пэўнай карэкціроўцы з боку навуковай супольнасці. Колькасць перакладных слоўнікаў ужо дасягнула таго «крытычнага аб’ёму», пры якім колькасныя паказчыкі павінны балансавацца якаснымі. Гэта значыць, што на аснове створаных слоўнікаў павінна быць распрацавана грунтоўная метатэорыя тэрмінаграфічнай дзейнасці, якая б закранала як тэхнічныя, так і ўласна лінгвістычныя аспекты стварэння спецыяльных слоўнікаў. Адной з магчымых рэалізацый такой тэорыі і працэсуальным крокам на шляху да пераадолення крызісу ў лінгвістычнай транстэрмінаграфіі, на наш погляд, можа стаць стварэнне зводных перакладных слоўнікаў тэрмінаў, якія б у межах адной навуковай парадыгмы абагульнялі назапашаны за стагоддзе вопыт сістэматызацыі, кадыфікацыі і трансляцыі тэрмінаў.
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Content available Contournement des tabous : exemples d’euphémismes et de dysphémismes dans les désignations en français de maladies graves et de la mort
38%
Goudaillier J.-P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2017
|
nr 12
71-80
EN
Faucheuse, camarde, lâcher la rampe, dévisser son billard are terms and expressions that mean death or die. Whatever the language registry used, there are strategies in French to talk about death and to get around the taboos related to it. Euphemisms and dysphemisms are part of these strategies to talk about death, but also about serious diseases, which creates a non-negligible stock of lexemes and locutions, which should be analyzed from a diachronic perspective thanks to their dating by dictionaries and their attestations in the literature.
FR
Faucheuse, camarde, lâcher la rampe, dévisser son billard sont des termes et expressions qui veulent dire « mort », « mourir ». Quel que soit le registre de langue utilisé on relève en français l’existence de stratégies pour pouvoir cependant en parler et contourner les tabous liés à la mort : l’euphémisme et le dysphémisme font partie de ces stratégies pour discourir au sujet de la mort, mais aussi des maladies graves, ce qui crée un stock non négligeable de lexèmes et locutions, qu’il convient d’analyser dans une perspective diachronique grâce à leurs datations par les dictionnaires et leurs attestations dans la littérature.
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