Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

International Survey in Eight Countries about Teachers and Teaching Profession

100%

Chistolini S.

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tom 1

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nr 2

67-86

EN

An international team of experts from Belgium, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey and the USA employed a questionnaire to identify the deontology of teachers from infant to secondary school in eight countries. The survey was implemented between 2004 and 2007. The socio-cultural concept of Verstehen (understanding) as described in the work of Max Weber, points to the clear significance of being a teacher at this time in history. Qualitative and quantitative analysis allow for an understanding that the teacher is exactly that, in any context. The ideal typology of the teacher is the result of training at a university level and working in the school system. Phenomenal differentiations characterise the various situations and broaden the perspective of the study, including an identification of the shared features of the profession. The strong, common core is the responsibility towards fellow teachers balanced out by a weak, yet common note of regret regarding the scant social prestige of being a teacher. There seems to be a lack of communication between the personal and social aspects involved in shaping the professional identity. The social image of teachers weighs heavily on their professional status due to the inevitable political implications it results in and the considerable effect on institutional behaviour. Teachers listen, but they are not heard; teachers are committed, but remain unrecognised; teachers evaluate, but are evaluated in turn. The issue of the social importance of the profession of teachers in our societies emerges as a crucial point in the perspective of educating young generations.

2

Environmentálně orientované motivace a potenciál zklamání

100%

Librová H.

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nr 1

53-74

EN

Outside institutionalised environmental activities, we find that individual efforts to combat environmental damage are at risk of succumbing to resignation. For her reflections on ‘green fatigue’ the author borrowed economist Alberta O. Hirschman’s psychological concept of the potential for disappointment. Whether and to what extent an individual is able to withstand failure depends on one’s mental fitness, the degree of support received from one’s social group, and historical and other circumstances. This article considers the proposition that the potential for disappointment largely hinges on what a person’s motivation is to engage in environmentally-oriented behaviour. The author works with a typology of motivations derived from categories of normative ethics: teleological and deontological ethics and virtue ethics. The article first describes these motivational types on a general level and then examines them in relation to environmentalism. The findings of this study may have practical as well as theoretical significance: environmental problems cannot be tackled solely through technical and scientific efforts founded on goal-directed, teleological motivations, as these are at risk of succumbing to disappointment and fatigue. Environmental problems must be approached from a broad humanistic perspective, as it is on that level that the ethics of environmental virtue take shape and deontological motivations are reinforced – two approaches that are not grounded in great expectations and are thus relatively resistant to disappointment from negative environmental development and provide a basis for effective goal-directed behaviour.

3

Etyka i deontologia w spotkaniu poradniczym. Od teorii ku praktyce

100%

Wojciechowski F. , Opozda-Suder S.

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2016

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tom 61(2 (240))

44-60

PL

This article contains considerations on counselling in the context of how it is situated within ethical and deontological standards. The theoretical concept is an attempt to show the combination of ethics and deontology in the counselling proceedings. For this purpose the authors refer to the specific code of conduct intended for supportive proceedings determined by axiological ethics, normative ethics and deontological issues in their broadest sense, which concerns the liability towards the supported individual. To make the discussion implementable the authors also refer to the practice of counselling intervention as something integrated with ethical proceedings. Therefore, the considerations included herein show that no sort of activity within the area of help and social support can be independent of axiology. This is because each counsellor who establishes a specific relationship with the supported person enters the ethical space being more or less aware of this fact.

4

Małe formy, wielkie sprawy. Deontologia a potoczność w przekazach audiowizualnych dostępnych na YouTube

86%

Kaźmierczak M.

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nr 19

43-56

EN

This article concerns YouTube as the helpful service from the deontological perspective. There are many texts created by different users in this service. Big part of them refer to ethical issues. These texts are small forms which reveal big existential problems. There are six main topics of the article. First part concerns chances and threats in using of Web 2.0; YouTube is an example of this phenomenon. Social services on the Internet help to spread the official discourses, but also unofficial discourses. That is why we can observe the proliferation of commonness as the pattern of thinking and acting. Second part of the article refers to the philosophy of personalism. This kind of relection is important in the context of the social services on the Internet. Third part reveals some cultural phenomenons depended on the morality and immediacy. Fourth part consists of the interpretation of the peculiar example. The audiovisual text titled: For Jonah Mowry. Whats going on? became the source of many ethical explanations. The author of the article treats YouTube as the space of drama in the another part. The personal relations among users are shown in the perspective of the texts which are presented on this medium – it is the last topic of this article.

PL

Small Forms, Big Problems. Deontology and Commonness in the Audiovisual Texts Presented on the YouTube This article concerns YouTube as the helpful service from the deontological perspective. There are many texts created by different users in this service. Big part of them refer to ethical issues. These texts are small forms which reveal big existential problems. There are six main topics of the article. First part concerns chances and threats in using of Web 2.0; YouTube is an example of this phenomenon. Social services on the Internet help to spread the official discourses, but also unofficial discourses. That is why we can observe the proliferation of commonness as the pattern of thinking and acting. Second part of the article refers to the philosophy of personalism. This kind of relection is important in the context of the social services on the Internet. Third part reveals some cultural phenomenons depended on the morality and immediacy. Fourth part consists of the interpretation of the peculiar example. The audiovisual text titled: For Jonah Mowry. Whats going on? became the source of many ethical explanations. The author of the article treats YouTube as the space of drama in the another part. The personal relations among users are shown in the perspective of the texts which are presented on this medium – it is the last topic of this article.

5

Teleologiczne źródła samozobowiązania

86%

Kopeć A.

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tom 40

49-65

EN

The article presents the problem of self-commitment as the foundation of one’s identity. It refers to the conceptions of Immanuel Kant and Christine Korsgaard to expose the role of norms in shaping one’s identity. However, it stresses the fact that the process of self- constitution as a result of self-commitment needs also a teleological frame. Self-commitment requires an aim to explain why it is worth undertaking it. Kant’s teleology can be found in his humanism while Korsgaard’s teleology in her identifications with norms. They both seem to understand humanity as a value and an end. Hence humanity appears as the sources of obligation and motivation. Understanding humanity as a value makes self-commitment not only possible but also meaningful.

6

Od deontologii żołnierskiej do etyki żołnierza jako etyki zawodowej

86%

Świniarski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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tom nr 2(31)

234-248

EN

The article deals with problems of soldiers ethics as one of kinds of professional ethics. These considerations have been included in the structure of professional ethics which shows the aim, good, responsibilities, conscience and obligations. In this structure perspective, the soldiers’ ethics undergoes historical changes, from obligations ethics (deontology) to responsibilities ethics. In the process of transformation, there proceeds a differentiation of formerly uniform ethics of soldiers’ obligations into at least four ethics of soldiers’ re sponsibilities. These are the following: ethics of military technicians and engineers; ethics of military logists (close to recently popular business ethics); ethics of military command and control (close to management and leadership ethics); ethics of combat (closest to the tradition of military ethos). The differentiation of this kind relates not only to soldiers but also numerous professions formerly not included in special ethics norms. At the same time in the process of transformation there appears departing from traditional central values which define the aim and good in the ethics structure. Honour ( so important in the obligation ethics) loses its importance to dignity which becomes a central value in the responsibilities ethics

7

Dziennikarstwo na rozdrożu – między deontologią i teleologią

72%

Leśniczak R.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2016

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tom 25

|

nr 1

71-81

EN

The aim of this article is to clarify two important concepts of ethics with regard to profession of journalist, that is deontology and teleology, and to determinate their mutual possible relationship. Deontological and teleological types of journalism coexist and indicate the importance of philosophical and ethical basis in the work of all those who provide information in mass media. Those two important dimensions of journalism help to answer the question what the work of journalists should look like in terms of mission or profession.

8

Znaczenie etyki zawodowej funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej

72%

Kowalczyk J.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2023

|

tom 15(15)

67-84

EN

The article undertakes an in-depth analysis of the importance of the principles of professional ethics in regards to Prison Service officers and finding an answer to the question of what values and norms are crucial for the functioning of this formation. In addition, key threats to the professional ethics of officers and employees of the Prison Service were characterized.

PL

W artykule podjęto się pogłębionej analizy znaczenia zasad etyki zawodowej funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej oraz znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, jakie wartości i normy są kluczowe dla funkcjonowania tej formacji. Ponadto scharakteryzowano kluczowe zagrożenia dla etyki zawodowej funkcjonariuszy i pracowników Służby Więziennej.

9

Granice autonomii etyki. O potrzebie uwzględniania wyników nauk empirycznych w etyce (The limits of ethics autonomy. Ethics takes into account the empirycal data)

72%

Szutta N.

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tom 39

49-72

EN

This paper focuses on the psychological realism requirement which should be met by any ethical theory. Even if one should not make normative conclusions out of descriptive presumptions, there are still some limitations resulting from our nature about which one should remember when formulating moral ideals. One should not impose moral ideals which may require of people more than they would ever be able to bear. The paper’s aim is to emphasize how important it is to ethics to pay attention to the empirical research carried out within psychology which show that a large part of our thought and volitional processes is automatic or semi-automatic. This means that ethicists cannot exclusively concentrate on regulating reflective processes which underlie consciously made decisions. If ethics is to avoid marginalization, ethicists must also focus on those automatic processes which control human thinking and action, especially in the circumstances of a total “ego-depletion”, e.g. when we are tired, hungry, or under a strong influence of unstable emotions. The paper shows that virtue ethics is this kind of ethical approach which meets the psychological realism condition most successfully.

10

Media w czasie pandemii. O etycznych wyzwaniach dziennikarza czasów kryzysu

72%

Chlebowski M.

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nr 3 (5)

37-51

EN

Codes of journalistic ethics were not written for the times of global threat to the lives and health of many people. There are no clear and straightforward words of advice on how to report on coronavirus pandemic. There are however many challenges, as news services nowadays are a story about medical staff and patients fighting the disease, about race with time to find a vaccine, and about employers and governments battling to stop the economic crisis. Reliable, honest and responsible journalism is perhaps more important now than it ever was. This article presents the main risks and ethical challenges that journalists are facing in times of pandemic.

PL

Kodeksy etyki dziennikarskiej nie zostały napisane na czasy globalnego zagrożenia dla zdrowia i życia wielu ludzi. Nie ma w nich prostych i jasnych wskazówek, jak relacjonować wydarzenia, takie jak pandemia koronawirusa. A wyzwań jest mnóstwo, bo newsy to teraz opowieść o walce lekarzy i pacjentów z chorobą, o walce z czasem, by znaleźć szczepionkę; o walce pracodawców i rządów, by powstrzymać kryzys gospodarczy. Rzetelne, uczciwe i odpowiedzialne dziennikarstwo jest teraz ważne być może bardziej niż kiedykolwiek wcześniej. W artykule przedstawiono główne zagrożenia i wymagania etyczne dla dziennikarzy pracujących w czasach epidemii.

11

Code of ethics - review of problems associated with codification of professional practice

72%

Huryk I.

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2011

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tom Nr 2(30)

93--96

EN

The Principles of the Architect's Professional Ethics which were adopted on November 24, 2002, during the Extraordinary Conference of the Chamber of Architects proved to be so impermanent that a new Architect's Code of Professional Ethics, based on the draft of the code pre-pared by the Architects' Council of Europe, was adopted already on December 18, 2005. As it turned out later in practice, many of its provisions cause doubts among both the members of the Chamber of Architects commenting it and among judges of the disciplinary courts who should resolve disputes immediately. The necessity to interpret the rules included in the code was the reason for organizing trainings in the National Chamber.

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestie: zależności pomiędzy etyką zawodową a moralnością zawodową, roli architekta jako osoby uprawiającej zawód zaufania publicznego, normowania zachowań profesjonalnych, etyki aspiracji, celowości istnienia kodeksu etyki architekta.

12

Deontologiczna perspektywa badań medioznawczych wizerunku polityków

72%

Leśniczak R.

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 1

69-86

EN

This article is an attempt to look at media research of politicians’ image. The first part deals with two basic deontological principles: truth and objectivism principles. These are basic ethical criteria of research which is meant to adequately describe a political actor and his political activity presented in the media. The research on the implementation of objectivism and truth principles verification of potential differences between media message and reality. This message concerns the methods of perception, description and relating by mass media the information about a given politician and his views. The author presents some theoretical considerations about methodological tools which check how journalists or more widely media workers, who participate in the political communication processes, implement truth and objectivism principles. In order to reach this objective it is necessary to understand correctly the principles of truth and objectivism which are presented in this article. It must be remembered that media coverage should mirror the reality, existing situation and it should not promote such message as politicians desire or which will be similar to a journalist’s personal worldview. The second part of the text is the reflection on the meaning and possible limitation of critical discourse application analysis in media research of politicians’ images. Critical discourse application in a new research approach which offers a new research perspective in creation and reception of media image. This publication is an attempt to complement existing theoretical concepts connected with media contents research and political communication processes analysis from a deontological perspective.

13

Etyka zawodowa policjanta. Część I. Wprowadzenie do badań

58%

Urban P.

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tom 2

|

nr 12

173-203

EN

The professional ethics of a policeman constitutes a certain set of moral principles, covering both, those generally applicable in a particular era and society, and those arising from the character of the profession. According to police officer’s code of ethics, whose main objective is to respect human dignity in every situation and in relation to everyone, ethics should be an expression of a police officer’s responsibility towards and for people. The aim of the article is to show the ethical aspects of the Police in Poland, the process of shaping the principles of ethics and the knowledge of the rules of conduct among police officers and au-thorities. These issues have been presented in the historical as well as contemporary dimen-sion with reference to the new operating philosophy - Community Policing.

PL

Etyka zawodowa policjanta stanowi pewien zbiór zasad moralnych, obejmujących zarówno powszechnie obowiązujące w określonej epoce i społeczeństwie, jak i wynikające ze specyfiki wykonywanego zawodu. W myśl zasad etycznych, których głównym postulatem jest poszanowanie godności ludzkiej w każdej sytuacji i w stosunku do każdego, etyka, nie powinna być dla policjanta tylko dodatkiem, lecz wyrazem jego odpowiedzialności wobec człowieka i za człowieka. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie aspektów etycznych Policji w Polsce oraz procesu kształtowania się zasad etyki oraz ich znajomości w organach policyjnych i w świadomości policjantów. Problematyka ta została ujęta w wymiarze historycznym, a także współczesnym z wyraźnym uwzględnieniem nowej filozofia działania – Community Policing.

14

Etyka w służbie cywilnej

58%

Oleksy K.

Studia z Zakresu Nauk Prawnoustrojowych. Miscellanea

|

2015

|

tom V

237-248

PL

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przeanalizowanie problematyki związanej z kwestią etyki zawodowej członków korpusu służby cywilnej w Polsce, oraz znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytania o stan służby cywilnej w RP, jej kondycję etyczną, podstawy i problemy etyki zawodowej, którą się kieruje. Istotna część rozważań poświęcona jest kodeksowi etyki służby cywilnej. Czy taki kodeks jest potrzebny? Czy jego tworzenie to tylko przejaw przemijającej mody? Czy administracja rządowa i służba publiczna to miejsca, w których celowe jest wprowadzenie modelu zarządzania typu korporacyjnego? Nadrzędną wartością, jaką autor wiąże z prezentacją swojego punktu widzenia, jest zainicjowanie dyskusji, w tym dyskusji naukowo-akademickiej, dotyczącej powyższych kwestii. Rozważania w niniejszej pracy oparto, w pierwszej kolejności, o wieloletnie doświadczenia zawodowe twórcy – pracownika administracji podatkowej skorelowane z przepisami prawa obowiązującymi w badanej materii oraz wybraną literaturą.

EN

The aim of this study is to analyze issues related to ethics of the civil service corps members in Poland and find answers to questions about the state of the civil service corps in the Republic of Poland, their ethical condition, basis of professional ethics and the problems that follow. A significant part of the discussion is devoted to the ethical code of civil service corps. Is such a code needed? Whether its creation is just a manifestation of a transitory fashion? Is the government administration and the public service, the place where it is useful to introduce such a corporate management model? The principal value of what the author hopes with this presentation of his view point, is to encourage a discourse, including scientific and academic discourse on the issues mentioned above. Considerations in the study were based primarily on years of professional experience of the creator - an employee of tax administration, in correlation with the regulations in the this matter and selected literature.

15

Etické konsekvence posunu od deontologického principialismu k utilitarismu v kontextu poskytování lékařské péče v období pandemie covidu-19

58%

Randa M.

|

nr 2

59-71

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic, which quickly became global, brought with it, in addition to consequences in the form of a large number of infected and dead, also worrying ethical issues. The enormous increase in the number of infected patients in need of pulmonary ventilation or ECMO causes increasing pressure on available resources and, due to the depletion of these resources, means the need for an effective triad of patients. In an overloaded health system, the doctor must decide which patients will be provided with intensive care and which will not. In principle, this is a question of ethics and distributive justice. In times of crisis, a utilitarian approach is generally applied, based on the principle of maximizing benefits for as many patients as possible. In times of pandemic, a utilitarian approach seems necessary. However, for first-line physicians who are forced to perform an effective patient triad, this means a departure from the deontological paradigm that underlies the discreet physician-patient relationship. The decision to provide medical care, given the lack of resources that doctors have to make, entails a moral burden that cannot be ignored.

CS

Pandemie covidu-19, která se rychle stala celosvětovou, s sebou kromě konsekvencí v podobě vysokého počtu nakažených a zemřelých přinesla i znepokojivé etické problémy. Enormní růst počtu nakažených pacientů, kteří potřebují plicní ventilaci, případně ECMO1 , způsobuje rostoucí tlak na dostupné zdroje a znamená, v důsledku vyčerpání těchto zdrojů, nutnost efektivní triáže pacientů. V přetíženém zdravotním systému se musí lékař rozhodnout, kterým pacientům bude poskytnuta intenzivní péče, a kterým nikoliv. V zásadě se tak jedná o otázku etiky a distributivní spravedlnosti. V krizovém období se všeobecně aplikuje utilitaristický přístup spočívající na principu maximalizace přínosů pro co největší počet pacientů. V době pandemie se tak zdá, že utilitaristický přístup je nezbytný. Pro lékaře v první linii, kteří jsou nuceni provádět efektivní triáž pacientů, to však znamená odklon od deontologického principialismu, který je základem diskrétního2 vztahu lékař–pacient, jenž je založen na respektování čtyř základních bioetických principů: non-maleficence, beneficence, spravedlnosti a respektu k autonomii. Deontologická podstata diskrétního vztahu lékaře k pacientovi formuluje i zdůvodňuje morální maximu3 odkazem na kategorický imperativ4 , který zároveň zdůvodňuje i další morální maximy: úctu k lidské důstojnosti či princip spravedlnosti. Rozhodnutí týkající se poskytování lékařské péče s ohledem na nedostatek zdrojů, která musí lékaři činit, s sebou přináší morální zátěž, kterou nelze opomíjet.

16

Effective internal controls and governance: analysis of ethical culture and ethical evaluations on whistleblowing intentions of government officials

58%

Zakaria M. , Abd Manaf K. , Nurmala Sari E. , Syed Yusuf S. N. , Abdul Rahman R. , Hamoudah M. M.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

|

tom Vol. 23, No. 1

487--502

EN

This study examines the ethical culture and ethical evaluations on the whistleblowing intentions of government officials. Whistleblowing is the most effective internal controls to expedite integrity and thus would protect the urban from harm and destruction. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 282 officials from one of the Malaysian city councils and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) of partial least square approach (PLS) version 3. The findings indicated that all the three variables namely organizational ethical culture, deontological and teleological evaluations were significant factors of whistleblowing intentions. The discoveries provide beneficial insights to the government, policy and lawmakers, city councils, and academicians that the likelihood of whistleblowing intentions depends on ethical evaluations of rules compliance (deontology), perceived consequences (teleology), and strong ethical culture. Nurturing whistleblowing culture does not only elevate the public trust towards the city council but also foster effective internal controls and good governance.

PL

Niniejsze badanie analizuje kulturę etyczną i oceny etyczne dotyczące intencji zgłaszania nieprawidłowości przez urzędników państwowych. Informowanie o nieprawidłowościach (Whistleblowing) to najskuteczniejsza kontrola wewnętrzna, która przyspiesza integralność, a tym samym chroni miasto przed niesprawiedliwością i destrukcją. Dane zostały zebrane za pomocą kwestionariuszy rozesłanych do 282 urzędników z jednej z malezyjskich rad miejskich i przeanalizowane za pomocą Modelowania Równań Strukturalnych (SEM) z metodą najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS) w wersji 3. Wyniki wskazują, że wszystkie trzy zmienne, a mianowicie kultura etyczna organizacji, deontologiczna oraz oceny teleologiczne były istotnymi czynnikami intencji sygnalizowania nieprawidłowości. Odkrycia dostarczają cennych informacji rządowi, politykom i prawodawcom, radom miejskim i naukowcom, że prawdopodobieństwo intencji informowania o nieprawidłowościach zależy od etycznej oceny przestrzegania zasad (deontologia), postrzeganych konsekwencji (teleologia) i silnej kultury etycznej. Pielęgnowanie kultury informowania o nieprawidłowościach nie tylko zwiększa zaufanie publiczne do rady miasta, ale także sprzyja skutecznej kontroli wewnętrznej i dobremu zarządzaniu.

17

Stosuj ustawy i rób, co chcesz? Pojęcie niezawisłości a deontologiczny model cnót sędziowskich

58%

Rocławska A.

|

tom 78

81-95

EN

This article explores judicial independence in light of a deontological model of virtues. It analyses judicial decisions and attitudes in the process of application of law, arguing that their aspirations to pursue judicial virtues are a secondary requirement against an overriding demand for abiding by law. The thesis is that judicial independence is a kind of a system presupposition that judges have some qualities which help them not only to fulfil their duties, but also to rise to ethical challenges during adjudication. The author recalls two theories of judicial reasoning in hard cases and tries to answer the question which of the theoretical models – by H. L. A. Hart or R. Dworkin – proposes a better characteristic of the judicial practice in the Polish justice system.

PL

W niniejszym artykule autorka rozważa niezawisłość sędziów w świetle modelu deontologii cnót. Analizuje ich decyzje i postawy w toku stosowania prawa, argumentując, że aspiracje, by realizować sędziowskie cnoty, mają charakter wtórny względem nadrzędnych wymogów przestrzegania prawa. Stawia tezę, że przestrzeń niezawisłości stanowi wyraz swoistego zaufania ustrojodawcy, iż sędziowie posiadają dyspozycje, które umożliwiają nie tylko wywiązywanie się z obowiązków, lecz także sprostanie wyzwaniom etycznym podczas orzekania. Przywołuje teorie orzekania w trudnych przypadkach autorstwa H. L. A. Harta i R. Dworkina oraz próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, który z teoretycznych modeli – Hartowski czy Dworkinowski – lepiej charakteryzuje praktykę orzeczniczą polskiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości.

18

Is Rawls’s ‘justice as fairness’ deontological?

58%

Kędziora K. , Kędziora K.

|

2021

|

nr 4