Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Gra carillonu ratusza Głównego Miasta w Gdańsku w świetle procesu konfesjonalizacji

100%

Popinigis D.

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tom 6

11-23

EN

The idea of confessionalization, introduced to history teaching at the end of the 1970s, refers to a phenomenon, characteristic for modern (especially early-modern) times, of mutual creation of pre-modern statehood in Europe based on the cooperation between the autonomous Church and the state. The confessionalization in the social and religious life of Gdańsk was especially influen-tial after the Lutheran church had rooted in the city in mid-16th century. The Gdańsk City Council was quick and efficient in taking control over the local Protestant church to become its actual superior. Its power manifested for instance in issuing the so-called church regulations (Dangizer Kirchenordnung) which ordered the course of services and other religious ceremonies, as well as the decrees specifying the precise standards of behavior for the inhabitants of Gdańsk. Another tool applied by the Council to introduce the social discipline in the spirit of the Protestant moral code was the Main Town Hall carillon. This automatic instrument consisting of a set of fourteen chime bells was ordered by the City Council in the Flemish region of North Brabantia in 1559. Two years later (1561) it was installed inside the cupola of the belfry of the Main Town Hall — the seat of the authorities of the city, to become its unquestionable adornment. The Protestant hymns flowing from the bell tower were used not only to measure time and announce important social and political events taking place in Gdańsk itself and beyond, but also to remind the inhabitants of the instrument’s patron, on the one hand to underline the generosity of the Council, and on the other — as a forceful indication of the actual authority holder in the city on the Motława.

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In-between Calvinism and Islam: Ali Bey's Transcultural Translation of the Bible into Turkish in the Time of Confessionalization

88%

Ayşen Kaim A.

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nr 3

439-461

EN

Albertus Bobovius/Ali Ufkî Bey was a typical go-between of his time, a learned translator and convert who benefited from his double religious sensitivity. As a consequence, he was able to create a transcultural translation of the Bible in the 17th century. This paper brings context to these aspects of his life. Ali Ufkî Bey created his works on religion during a time of intensive confessionalization, when Istanbul was a hub for many political interests with various religious and cultural options intersecting in the Ottoman capital. The project of translating the Bible to the national languages of Islam was carried out according to the vision of an alliance between Islam and reformed Christian groups, supporting the thesis of Calvino-Turkism, promoted by John Amos Comenius. As oriental scholars were lacking sufficient command of Turkish, they had to commission highly qualified go-betweens. There were two competing plans: Dutch Calvinist and Anglican. Bobovius was a part of the Dutch plan, along with Yahya Bin Ishak, a Jewish dragoman. The strategies of translation chosen by Bobovius were very modern according to the present knowledge of the art of translation, but in his era, there were difficulties in choosing the right language register and the right religious imagery to find proper equivalents. Underestimated by his contemporaries, Bobovius was rehabilitated by today’s linguists, and his “Turkish Bible” is still in use today. The text does not contest the religious identity of the author of this translation of the Bible but presents the hybridity of this figure against the background of the wider historical and confessional context of 17th-century Istanbul. It also provides examples of Bobovius’s translation choices and an initial interpretation of his methodology of timeless transcultural translation, from the perspective of contemporary translation theories. In the light of contemporary transcultural studies, present-day scholarship may treat Ali Ufkî as a transcultural agent and a gifted go-between.

3

Conceptualizing Inter-religious Relations in the Ottoman Empire: The Early Modern Centuries

51%

Gara E.

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2017

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tom 116

PL

This article presents the points of view from which interreligious relations in the Ottoman world have been approached in academic historiography, the frames of interpretation and concepts that have been used, and the critical reassessments and revisions that are currently underway. Conceptions about the position of the non-Muslims and the nature and forms of interreligious relations in the Ottoman Empire have changed perceptively over the last half century. The mosaic world of subjugated nations and self-governed religious communities (millets) that lived parallel and distinct lives gave its place, in the last two decades of the twentieth century, to the plural society of extensive interreligious interaction at individual or communal level. In tandem came the shift from an emphasis on the oppression of the non-Muslims to that on toleration. We are now in a new phase of revision which focuses on the forms, extent and limits of toleration and intercommunal interaction, and pays close attention to change over time.

4

Teoria konfesjonalizacji Heinza Schillinga i Wolfganga Reinharda w kontekście potencjału modernizacyjnego Polski

51%

Windyga I.

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nr 4

159-178

EN

The aim of this article is to discuss the theory of confessionalization created by two German historians of religion – H. Schilling and W. Reinhard. This theory was in opposition to the Marxist vision of the overlapping confessional processes of change in early- -modern Europe, and also represented the late 70’s and 80’s of 20-th century the competitive paradigm to M. Weber’s recognition of the sociology of religion. In his reflections on the theory of the confessionalization put emphasis on the idea of modernization W. Reinhard potential of the catholic confessionalization, arguing that by my opinion that this fundamental social process present in Polish history, has an influence in the modern ages on Poles’ attitude Poles towards work who’s belonging to the Roman Catholic Church in the vast the majority. Therefore, as an important element in the modernization of the country, I consider the formation of a specific work ethic represented by the overwhelming number of its citizens who are also members of a particular religious community. In this paper, I have done an overview of the foreign literature (mainly German) – in Poland practically inaccessible, and unknown.

PL

Celem artykułu jest omówienie teorii konfesjonalizacji autorstwa dwóch niemieckich historyków religii - H. Schillinga oraz W. Reinharda. Teoria ta powstała w opozycji do marksistowskiej wizji zachodzenia procesów przemian konfesyjnych we wczesnonowożytnej Europie, a ponadto stanowiła od przełomu lat siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych XX wieku konkurencyjny paradygmat wobec ujęcia socjologii religii przez M. Webera. W swoich rozważaniach nad teorią konfesjonalizacji kładę nacisk na tezę W. Reinharda o modernizacyjnym potencjale konfesjonalizacji katolickiej, argumentując to moim przekonaniem, że ów fundamentalny proces społeczny obecny w polskiej historii, ma również we współczesności wpływ na postawę Polaków wobec pracy przynależących w zdecydowanej większości do Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. A zatem za ważny element modernizacji państwa uznaję ukształtowanie się określonej etyki pracy reprezentowanej przez przeważającą liczbę jego obywateli, którzy jednocześnie są członkami określonej wspólnoty wyznaniowej. W niniejszej pracy dokonałam przeglądu literatury obcojęzycznej (głównie niemieckiej) - praktycznie w Polsce niedostępnej, a przez to mało znanej.