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EN
There are more than 17,5 million items of live animals transported across the European Union per year. In spite of that conservationists were not able to enforce restriction of maximal transport time. From this reason the Commission of European Union strive to improve the conditions of live animal transportation. European Union makes the rules of live animal transportation stricter. The aim of new, stricter regulations is to reduce the stress of animals and to prevent animals from ill-treatment during the transportation process.
EN
Aim of the present research was to apply a solid state reaction route to fabricate Aurivillius-type ceramics described with the formula Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) and reveal the influence of processing conditions on its crystal structure. Pressureless sintering in ambient air was employed and the sintering temperatures were 850 and 1080 °C. It was found that the fabricated BFTO ceramics were multiphase ones. They consisted of two Bim+1Fem-3Ti3O3m+3 phases, namely the phase with m=5 (i.e. the stoichiometric phase) and m=4 (i.e. the phase with a reduced number of layers in the slab). Detailed X-ray diffraction patterns analysis showed that both phases adopted the same orthorhombic structure described with Fmm2 (42) space group. The ratio of weight fractions of the constituent phases (m=5): (m=4) was ~30:70.
EN
The article describes the condition of the wooden buildings created in the interwar period in the Lublin region and the method of its conservation, taking into account legal forms in force in Poland and in the world. This is a very substantial topic, because buildings of this type are increasingly disappearing from the landscape of a small city, in favor of catalog construction, thereby destroying the unique small-town landscape.
EN
Carapace length and width as well as condition were analysed in 2336 Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, caught in 1999-2007 in the Odra River estuary (Poland). Their condition was assessed using the Fulton coefficient and the carapace width-individual weight relationship. September through November catches netted the highest number of crabs (83.60% of the total sample); males accounted for 53.56% of the crabs caught at that time. Males showed a significantly higher mean individual weight, significantly higher carapace width and length, and a higher Fulton coefficient than the females. The lowest mean individual weight, carapace width and length, and the highest condition coefficients were recorded in those crabs caught in 1999-2000. Later on, the mean carapace width and individual weight increased, and the increase was accompanied by a reduction in condition of the crabs. Causes of the differences are being sought in environmental changes taking place in the Odra estuary.
EN
The mud crab is the only non-indigenous xanthid encountered in the River Odra estuary. In 2007-2008, the crabs were collected, using fish traps, to determine sex and to follow variations in individual weight and carapace length and width over a year. Sex-dependent differences in the crab morphometry were studied as well. The largest catch was that obtained in September (23.48% of the total number of 264 individuals) and October (31.82%). Male crabs accounted for 56.44% of the total number; males dominated in autumn (September-December) and spring (March, May, June) catches. Males showed significantly wider carapaces (16.81 š3.98 mm; range: 5.60-22.90 mm) and mean individual weight (2.15 š0.94 g; range: 0.15-3.93 g) than females (mean carapace width of 15.05 š3.33 mm; range: 5.30-19.80 mm, and mean individual weight of 1.47 š0.60 g; range: 0.13-2.56 g). Of the 11 morphometric characters analyzed, expressed in relative values (%), related to the carapace width, males showed significantly larger claw dimensions (CHL1, CHW1, CHH1, CHL2, CHW2, CHH2) and smaller abdomen widths (AW).
EN
In the Polish costal zone of the Baltic Sea two similar looking gobies – sand goby and common goby occur. In quantitative investigation both species are often taken as an one, because of difficulties in distinguish them. There are a few methods to differentiate sand goby and common goby - body pigmentation, shape of head and pigmentation of a spleen (Ławacz 1965). During the investigation it was proofed that compared species differ from each other also in biological characteristic. In the Gulf of Gdańsk spawning-season starts for sand goby in March and ends in September, for common goby it lasts from March to August. They have different sex ratio, but they have similar range of a HSI and GSI coefficients. Those differences and similarities are important for future investigations because they show that sand goby and common goby should be separated in studies
EN
Seasonal changes in gametogenesis, spawning behaviour and morphometric parameters of Macoma balthica and Mytilus trossulus from two depth zones in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) were investigated. The studies allowed the authors to make observations of the ecophysiological features of both species and revealed major differences in the weight index between deep and shallow water subpopulations. Both condition and gametogenesis probably depend mainly on the availability of nutrients and on temperature changes. The data showed that Mytilus trossulus spawned earlier at the shallow water station than at the deeper one. No differences were observed between the run of the Baltic clam’s reproductive cycle at 10 m and at 75 m depths.
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EN
In this review the influence of ectoparasites on nestlings' of some hole-nesting birds is discussed, especially the impact on nestlings' mortality or condition.
EN
The aim of this article is to substantiate pedagogical conditions of formation of interpretative culture in the future music teachers and their implementation.Research methodology. The mentioned pedagogical conditions we implemented during the educational workshop «Basics of formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers».Results. Pedagogical conditions chosen are effective, because the level of formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers increased.Novelty. Novelty is to determine the interpretative culture and pedagogical conditions of formation of music teachers’ interpretative culture, as well as implementation of educational workshops while forming experiment.In our opinion, interpretative culture of the future music teacher is a holistic integrative education, which is reflected in the understanding and interpretation of music and educational reality in the totality of its processes, events, structures, interpersonal relationships, which is based on a set of knowledge and skills, and on creative experiment aimed at identifying the meaning of musical and pedagogical texts.We define pedagogical conditions of interpretative culture of future teachers of music as circumstances affecting directed reflection and reflection of their own professional musical and educational activities and ensure the effectiveness of the educational process. Namely: the promotion of future music teachers’ guidelines on the formation of interpretative culture; implementation of the hermeneutic approach in the educational process; self-actualization of future music teachers in the context of the studied construct.The practical significance. The teacher of music, whose formed interpretive culture can adequately understand and interpret works of art, educational and musical texts, thus attracting students to the world of music, develop their spiritual, emotional, sensory perception, enrich their aesthetic experience. It is concluded that the chosen pedagogical conditions promote formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers.
EN
The first step towards condition based maintenance of the milling plant is the implementation of on- line condition monitoring of the mill. The following paper pr esents and analyses methods of monitoring the key performance factors of a vertical spindle mill that is suited for implementation on older power stations, i.e. the quantity (mass flow rate) and quality (particle fineness) of the pulverised fuel produced by the mill. It is shown herein that the mill throughput can be monitored on-line using a simple mill energy balance that successfully predicts the coal the roughput within 2.33% as compared to a calibrated coal feeder. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the coal moisture is a critical measurement for this method to be adopted as an on-line mass flow monitoring tool. A laser based particle size analyser tool was tested for use in the power plant environment as an on-line monitoring solution to measure pulverised fuel fineness. It was revealed that several factors around the set-up and operation of the instrument have an influence on the perceived results. Although the instrument showed good precision and repeatability of results, these factors must be taken into account in order to improve the accuracy of the reported results before the instrument can be commissioned as an on-line monitoring solution.
EN
The author explores the meaning of animal companion figures in popular literature. The article presents a few examples of novels and autobiographical forms which use the companion animal character, like “A Street Cat Named Bob” by James Bowen, “Cleo: How an Uppity Cat Helped Heal a Family” by Helen Brown, “A Dog's Purpose” by W. Bruce Cameron and “The Art of Racing in the Rain” by Garth Stein. Some of the books were filmed, most of them became bestsellers, which raises the question about reasons of their popularity. As scholars claim, popular literature has, among others, a therapeutic function. This corresponds with therapeutic function of companion animals, like dogs and cats. Sociologist Adrian Franklin (1999) claims that companion animals provide us ontological security in modern societies. The article examines the ways of providing different kinds of security by using an animal character.
EN
The article discusses the problem of possibility of creating conditions in the contract of waiver of succession in the light of a polish law. The article is an attempt to set acceptable limits for creating conditional contracts of waiver of succession. The author expresses the view that it is generally possible to create conditional contract of waiver of succession, but in his opinion, it is acceptable only for a suspensive conditions, fulfilled before the moment of an opening of inheritance. Otherwise, the contract has no legal effects.
EN
The main focus of the study is on evaluation, from entrepreneurs perspective, of the current and the future desired level of activity on the part of the state for creating favorable conditions for accommodation and food facilities’ development within the Lublin province. In April and May 2013, in the Lublin province a sample of 317 accommodation and food companies was interviewed through computer-assisted web interview (CAWI). According to the entrepreneurs the state shows little involvement in creating solutions facilitating business activities. Among the most severely criticized the following were indicated: tourism and fiscal policies, and too high charges imposed on employers on account of employing workers. Changes are needed in these areas. Many of the interviewed claimed that in the future the state should intensify activities aimed at both para-tourist and tourist infrastructure development.
PL
Opracowanie koncentruje się na ocenie z punktu widzenia przedsiębiorców obecnej, a także pożądanej w przyszłości aktywności państwa w tworzeniu uwarunkowań sprzyjających rozwojowi punktów i zakładów gastronomicznych oraz obiektów noclegowych funkcjonujących na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Badanie metodą wspomaganego komputerowo wywiadu CAWI (ang. computer-assisted web interview) na próbie 317 przedsiębiorstw świadczących usługi gastronomiczne i noclegowe zrealizowano w kwietniu i maju 2013 roku na obszarze województwa lubelskiego. W opinii przedsiębiorców państwo generalnie mało aktywnie włącza się w kreowanie rozwiązań ułatwiających prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej. Szczególnie krytycznie oceniono przyjętą politykę turystyczną i fiskalną oraz zbyt wysokie obowiązkowe obciążenia pracodawców wynikające z faktu zatrudniania pracowników. W tych obszarach potrzebne są zmiany. W opinii wielu uczestników badania państwo w przyszłości powinno intensyfikować działania prowadzące do rozwoju infrastruktury ogólnej, a także turystycznej.
EN
The main aim of the present study was to determine the effect of low salinity conditions (3 PSU and 7 PSU) on the hatching success, growth and mortality of Orconectes limosus. The results revealed that berried females survived exposure to salinities of 3 PSU and 7 PSU whilst incubating their eggs. The reproductive success reached 100% at both salinities. The length increment of young crayfish per molt was larger at 7 PSU than at 3 PSU – but their condition was affected by higher salinity. The mortality among juveniles reached approximately 50% within 5 weeks of hatching at both salinities.
PL
Jakość powietrza wewnętrznego nie określają wyłącznie parametry cieplno-wilgotnościowe, ale również jego czystość. Powietrze to powinno być zbliżone składem chemicznym do świeżego powietrza zewnętrznego. Nie powinno również zawierać drobnoustrojów chorobotwórczych oraz mikroorganizmów środowiskowych w dużych stężeniach. Z uwagi na ilość czasu jaką spędzamy w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych, należy dążyć do zapewnienia w nich właściwych warunków środowiska wewnętrznego, odpowiedniego mikroklimatu i zdrowych warunków bytowych, a także warunków pracy i wypoczynku.
EN
Indoor air quality is determined not only by thermal and humidity parameters, but also by its purity. This air should have a chemical composition similar to that of fresh outside air. It should also not contain pathogenic microorganisms and environmental microorganisms in high concentrations. Due to the amount of time we spend in closed rooms, we should strive to ensure proper internal environment conditions, appropriate microclimate and healthy living conditions, as well as working and rest conditions.
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