Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Potencjał kolokacyjny leksemów telefon i komputer w świadomości językowej dzieci pięcioletnich

100%

Makowska K.

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nr 22

223-248

EN

In the communication process, it is necessary to use specific collocations that language users begin to include in their lexical resources at an early stage of language acquisition. The aim of this study is to investigate the productive collocation competence (i.e. the ability to use collocations that are fixed connections of at least two words with integrated meaning) in preschoolers. The research group consisted of forty five‑year-olds whose mother tongue was Polish, and whose task was to provide fourteen verbal collocations with the lexemes telefon ‘telephone’ and komputer ‘computer/laptop’ based on the situation described to them.

2

THE EFFECT OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK ON THE COLLOCATION COMPETENCE OF IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS

100%

Jafarpour A. A. , Sharifi A.

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nr 3

3-17

EN

Collocations are one of the most important elements in language proficiency but the effect of error correction feedback of collocations has not been thoroughly examined. Some researchers report the usefulness and importance of error correction (Hyland, 1990; Bartram & Walton, 1991; Ferris, 1999; Chandler, 2003), while others showed that error correction was of little or no use (Leki, 1990; Truscott, 1996). However, teachers use error correction feedback of collocations most of the time in teaching even though it has not been proven whether there was effect on the improvement of collocation competence of EFL students or not. The researcher tried to investigate the effect of error correction feedback on various categories of lexical collocations (V+N, Adj.+N, N+N), and grammatical collocations (Adj.+Prep.,V+Prep., N) in this study based on Benson, Benson and Ilson's (1986) collocations model. The results revealed that error correction feedback was significant and had a positive effect on the collocation competence at advanced and intermediate levels, but not at the elementary level.

3

Wybrane stałe związki wyrazowe w translacji

100%

Gładysz M.

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2019

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nr 53

331-342

EN

This article attempts to determine the types of interlingual equivalents of Polish and German collocations and denomination units on the basis of previously identified collocational and denominational features of word compounds and to consider the possibility of using the conducted research from the field of collocational and denominational theory in translational practice. Incorrect translation of collocations, resulting largely from the lack of awareness of this phenomenon by translators, reduces the stylistic value of the translated fictional text, and in the case of a professional text, it can even lead to terminological inconsistencies. Regarding denominational units, the translator must be aware of the entire complexity of denomination and specify the denominational motives and the grammatical and onomasological structure of the particular denominational units in order to answer the question by which structures it is possible to express similar motives in the target language.

4

Las construcciones verbo-nominales en la enseñanza de ELE

88%

Pascual-López X.

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nr 2

87-96

EN

This paper proposes an approach to verb-noun constructions that allows them to be understood holistically, which facilitates the acquisition of their distinctive features (for example, the presence or absence of an article) and their effective correlation with certain communicative functions and situations. Therefore, their use will not only be lexically and grammatically appropriate, but the apprentices will be able to make use of them as a whole acquired and associated with a certain communicative situation or function. As a result, their fluency will gain naturalness and will be closer to native.

5

Le lexique transdisciplinaire des écrits scientifiques dans les mémoires de diplôme des étudiants polonophones de français

88%

Sowa M.

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tom 49

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nr 2

57-71

EN

The issue that we aim to investigate in this paper is related to the design of lexical resources which Polish university students use in the process of writing an academic text in French. In the course of the research, we concentrate on the transdisciplinary lexis composed of, on the one hand, cross-disciplinary terminology typical of scientific writings, and, on the other hand, of abstract, non-specialised vocabulary. In this regard, special focus is given to transdisciplinary collocations referring to scientific objects and procedures. The research is conducted on a corpus consisting of BA and MA theses written by Polish university students of French in Romance philology and applied linguistics faculties.The work progressed as follows. Firstly, the types of transdisciplinary collocations present in students’ theses were identified. They were then juxtaposed with the lexical resources gathered in the corpus of scientific texts in French (Corpus Écrits scientifiques en français). Finally, the manner in which students used the investigated collocations was analysed so as to identify the possible difficulties faced by non-native students of French. The objectives of this research are linguistic and didactic at the same time. Specifically, it aims to inventorystudents’ lexical resources, their scope and, as a result, to consider pedagogical solutions intended to enrich transdisciplinary vocabulary used in the process of writing scientific texts in university context. The analysis performed shows a weak presence of collocations containing scientific names. The students’ repertoire of lexical resources is relatively poor and not very varied. It is necessary to undertake more indepth work on the linguistic correction of the items mobilized.

6

O kilku typach innowacji frazeologicznych w powieści McDusia Małgorzaty Musierowicz

87%

Miękus P. A.

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nr 29

EN

The aim of this thesis is the analysis and interpretation of selected phraseological innovations in the Małgorzata Musierowicz’s novel McDusia. The author elaborates on extended supplementary innovation and mixed paraphrasing and innovation of collocations, which are combined into two idioms. Analysis and interpretation of the selected types of phraseological innovations in the Małgorzata Musierowicz’s novel McDusia lead to the following conclusion: both are justified in terms of situation. The purpose of phraseological innovations is to make narration more expressive and stress the anthropocentric point of view. Phraseological innovations individualize the characters’ utterances and make featured situations more imaginable. Their role is stylisation, what means that the most often they recall paterns of Polish colloquial language not including swear words.

7

Alejka, bukiet, sponsor, tester: o pewnym typie neosemantyzmów w języku polskim

75%

Zabawa M.

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nr 5

366-376

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kilku wybranych najnowszych neosemantyzmów w polszczyźnie. Artykuł skupia się na analizie następujących słów: „alejka”, „bukiet”, „sponsor” oraz „tester”. Krótko przypomniane są starsze znaczenia omawianych słów, a następnie przedstawione nowe użycia tych wyrazów, ilustrowane cytatami z Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego.

EN

The aim of the paper is to present a few newest neosemanticisms in Polish. The bibliography on semantic innovations in Polish is already quire rich, but new constructions appear in the language all the time; thus, the constant research in the field is a necessity. The present paper concentrates on the analysis of the following words: "alejka", "bukiet", "sponsor" and "tester". The old meanings of the words are briefly described (on the basis of the monolingual Polish dictionary Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego) and then new meanings are analyzed, with the illustration of quotations from the National Corpus of Polish.

8

Phrasemes with the component “eye” in German academic language

75%

Targońska J. , Targońska J.

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tom 40

9

Zum Fanal-Charakter von Kollokationen und ihrer Begriffsbestimmung

75%

Księżyk F.

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tom 140

171 - 186

EN

The vogue for collocations indicated in the title of the present paper refers to an observation made by Hausmann, who treats collocations as a global term which signals the phraseological turn in the lexicography and is used in an inflationary way (cf. Hausmann 2007: 229 and Reder 2006: 17). The present paper demonstrates that the infl ationary use of collocations does not correspond with an agreement on which linguistic phenomena are denoted by the term.

10

O pojęciu jednostki tekstu prawnego

71%

Gębka-Wolak M. , Moroz A.

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tom 38

67-84

EN

The article discusses the linguistic status of specialist vocabulary, as well as the procedures used for its identification and description. Our theoretical analysis is based on a selection of penal law texts. The purpose of the article is to define the notion of legal text unit and to prove its relevance for linguistic research. The paper presents the relationships between a legal text unit, a language unit, a collocation and a term. We sug-gest that in order to identify specialist language units, the analysis should be based on a corpus consisting only of texts representing each particular field. Finally, the article discusses the basic mechanisms used for transforming general language units into legal language units.

11

Clichés and pragmatemes

63%

Mel’čuk I.

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2020

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tom 32

9-20

FR

In order to properly classify the phraseme (that is, a constrained, or non-free, expression) No parking, a universal typology of lexical phrasemes is proposed. It is based on the following two parameters:• The nature of constraints- Lexemic phrasemes: the expression is constrained with respect to freely constructed meaning.- Semantic-lexemic phrasemes: the expression is constrained/non-constrained with respect to the meaning constrained by the conceptual representation.- Pragmatemes: the expression is constrained with respect to pragmatic conditions, that is, to the extralinguistic situation of its use (in a letter, on a street sign, on a package of perishable food).• The compositionalityThe expression can/cannot be represented as regular “sum” of its components.As a result, we have, firstly, the following major classes of lexical phrasemes:1) Non-compositional lexemic phrasemes: idioms (˹cold feet˺, ˹shoot the breeze˺)2) Compositional lexemic phrasemes: collocations (rain heavily, pay a visit)3) Non-compositional semantic-lexemic phrasemes: nominemes (Big Dipper, New South Wales)4) Compositional semantic-lexemic phrasemes: clichés (See you tomorrow! | Absence makes the heart grow fonder.)For clichés, the least-studied class of phrasemes, a more detailed classification is proposed (as a function of the type of their denotation). Secondly, each phraseme (except a nomineme) and each lexemes can be pragmatically constrained, i.e. a pragmateme: ˹Fall out!˺ (idiom; a military command) | Take aim! (collocation; a military command) | Emphasis mine/added (cliché; in a printed text) | Rest! (lexeme; a military command).

12

Support (= Light) Verbs

63%

Mel'čuk I.

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2022

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tom 34

1-30

EN

The paper proposes a formal definition of support verb as (roughly) a semantically empty verb serving as a syntactic “prop” to a predicative noun such that the phrase V(support)(N) + N is synonymous with the verb V0 derived form N: ‘V(support)(N) + N’ = ‘V0(N)’, as in ‘to give an order’ = ‘to order’ or ‘to receive an order’ = ‘to be ordered’. The following points are discussed: support verbs as collocates, representation of support verbs in terms of lexical functions, semantic and syntactic properties of support verbs, semantic additions to support verbs (in particular, causation and phasic meanings), realization verbs, and the role of support verbs in theoretical and applied linguistics.

13

Aksjologiczno-pragmatyczny obraz sumienia we współczesnej polszczyźnie

63%

Kaczor M.

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nr 2

EN

Conscience is an element of the linguistic portrayal of the human person. The manner in which conscience is conceptualized in a language certifies that it is an intellectual judgment, moral imperative, moral reflection, a force to do good and a force restraining from evil. Specific linguistic connections certify what is meant by conscience in contemporary Polish. The contexts of occurrence of conscience allow for distinguishing two orientations, which are not only characteristic of Christian thought. They are: axiological orientation and pragmatic orientation. The first can be found in texts of a legislative nature, the second – points to the sociological and psychological motivations for using the concept in a specific context. This allows for a reconstruction of the image of conscience on the basis of specific mental operations that affect the formation of specific language constructs.

14

Sémantické preference intenzifikačních výrazů ve finštině

63%

Vorlíková Z.

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nr 1

87-104

EN

This paper investigates the phenomenon of intensification from the point of view of semantics. Specifically, such intensifiers, which by their meaning specify the degree of the property, at the same time exhibit other semantic features. In communication, they can express, for example, what kind of feelings a given utterance evokes in the speaker. The analysis of intensifiers and their collocates is performed on Finnish material. Two groups of intensifiers are compared with the finding that the semantic features of the intensifiers themselves affect their collocability; but apparently synonymous intensifiers also have different semantic preferences.

15

Prolegomena ke kvantitativní onomastice

51%

David J. , Místecký M.

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nr 2

301-320

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research.

16

Srovnání kolokací totalitního jazyka v bývalém Československu s jazykem současným1

51%

Schmiedtová V.

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tom 96

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nr 2

165-179

EN

The goal of this small sample study is to explore what possible effects a political situation and the ideologization of public discourse may have on language and its lexis. Using two corpora, one composed of the 1952, 1969 and 1977 texts characterizing the totalitarian language of the former Czechoslovakia and the other based on contemporary texts, the study compares the seven most frequent collocates of seven selected lemmas (four nouns and three adjectives) found in the Totality corpus and the control contemporary language corpus. The comparison shows that longterm use of ideologically motivated word combinations may influence the associative semantic component of otherwise neutral words and result in change of their semantic prosody, or at least in abuse of their prosody. Hence the delimitation of a totalitarian discourse vocabulary must take into account not only ideologically marked lexis, but also the syntagmatic aspects of the discourse.

17

Techniki językoznawstwa korpusowego wykorzystywane w krytycznej analizie dyskursu. Przegląd

51%

Kamasa V.

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nr 2

100-117

PL

Krytyczna analiza dyskursu (KAD) jako nurt z pogranicza socjologii i językoznawstwa skupia się na analizie roli dyskursu w umacnianiu i reprodukowaniu relacji władzy i dominacji, zaś badaniu empirycznemu podlegają przede wszystkim różnego rodzaju teksty. Właśnie koncentrację na tekście uznać można za jedną z przyczyn wzrastającego zainteresowania wykorzystaniem metod językoznawstwa korpusowego w takich analizach. Prezentacji tych metod poświęcony jest niniejszy artykuł. Przedstawione zostaną podstawowe strategie doboru korpusu do badań w ramach KAD oraz najczęściej wykorzystywane metody: analiza frekwencji, analiza słów kluczowych, analiza kolokacji i analiza konkordancji. Zaprezentowane zostaną także przykłady zastosowania poszczególnych metod w różnorodnych tematycznie badaniach. Przegląd metod podsumowany zostanie omówieniem korzyści wypływających z ich zastosowania oraz kosztów, które się z nimi wiążą.

EN

The paper aims to present corpus methods most commonly used in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The issues of corpus design for CDA will be discussed and methods frequently used in such analysis will be presented: frequency lists, keywords, collocations, and concordances. Moreover, examples of research using this methods will be overviewed to provide an account of the variety of subjects and conclusions the discussed methods might lead to. The paper will conclude with some remarks on benefits and costs related to the usage of corpus methods in CDA

18

Synthetism and Analytism of Linguistic Units in Croatian-Polish Comparative Approach on the Example of Croatian “Sudjelovati” and Polish “Take Part”, “Participate” (“Brać/Wziąć Udział”, “Uczestniczyć”)

51%

Baer M.

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tom 23

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza porównawcza chorwacko-polska analitycznych i syntetycznych jednostek języka będących semantycznymi ekwiwalentami międzyjęzykowymi na przykładzie chorwackiego czasownika sudjelovati i jego polskiego odpowiednika w postaci kolokacji brać/wziąć udział i synonimicznego czasownika uczestniczyć. Analiza semantyczna została przeprowadzona w oparciu o definicje słownikowe dla wskazanych jednostek języka, a następnie jej wyniki porównane z uzusem językowym w postaci zdań wyekscerpowanych z korpusów narodowych chorwackiego i polskiego. Analiza została uzupełniona o badanie analityczności i syntetyczności jednostek językowych oraz ich międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji semantycznej i strukturalnej w stylu administracyjnym na podstawie korpusu równoległego chorwacko-polskiego tekstów aktów prawnych pozyskanych z bazy Eur-Lex. Zostało wykazane, że od struktury formalnej jednostki języka ważniejsze jest znaczenie, gdyż niezależnie od tego, czy np. dla języka polskiego w zdaniu występowała kolokacja, czy czasownik syntetyczny, przekazana treść była zbieżna, również w odniesieniu do ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej z językiem chorwackim. Rozbieżności w przekładzie uwidocznione na podstawie korpusu równoległego wynikały ze zmian składniowych wprowadzanych do analizowanych tekstów przez tłumaczy prawa unijnego w Chorwacji i w Polsce.

EN

The main aim of this paper is Croatian-Polish comparative analysis of analytical and syncretic units of language, which are semantic, inter-linguistic equivalents, on the example of Croatian verb sudjelovati and its Polish counterpart in the form of collocation brać/wziąć udział and the synonymous verb uczestniczyć. The semantic analysis was carried out in accordance with dictionary definitions for aforementioned linguistic units, and then they were compared with linguistic uses in the form of sentences excerpted from national Croatian and Polish corps. The analysis was supplemented with analytical and synthetic research of linguistic units and their inter-linguistic semantic and structural equivalence in administrative style on the basis of parallel Croatian-Polish textual corps of legal acts obtained from the base EurLex. The analysis showed that a meaning, however, is more important than a formal structure of linguistic unit, because, regardless of whether for example in Polish language, there was collocation or synthetic verb in a sentence, transferred content was convergent, in reference to inter-linguistic equivalence, with Croatian language. Discrepancies in translation, seen on the basis of parallel corps, resulted from syntax changes which were introduced in analysed texts by translators of EU law in Croatia and Poland. This analysis may be useful from the point of view of glottodidactics and translation.

19

Sources of data and methodological foundations of a contrastive linguistic analysis of emotion concepts

38%

Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk B. , Wilson P. A.

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tom 74

157-190

EN

The aim of the paper is a presentation of methodological foundations of semantics of emotion concepts in contrastive linguistic analyses and identifying the sources of data in Polish and English obtained by less frequently used research methods. The main assumption is the presence of not fully determinate concepts in linguistic semantics and the need to interpret emotion concepts in terms of prototypical meanings and cluster models. This requires the application of cognitive linguistics categories and cultural models of emotions and emotion events. The methodological part demonstrates the qualitative and quantitative nature of sources and research (GRID, sorting and ranking, cognitive linguistic analysis of corpus data, metaphoricity). The examples analyzed in fuller detail are Eng. compassion and Pol. współczucie in their respective emotion clusters. The conclusions present implications of this interdisciplinary and multimethod approach to develop a new methodology of contrastive research in emotion studies.

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja podstaw metodologii badań nad znaczeniem pojęć wyrażających emocje i uczucia w aspekcie kontrastywnym oraz wskazania na źródła danych do badań na przykładzie języka polskiego i angielskiego w kontekście rzadziej stosowanych metod badawczych. Głównym założeniem pracy jest obecność znaczeń nie w pełni określonych w semantyce językowej oraz konieczność interpretacji znaczeń emotywnych w kognitywnych terminach znaczeń prototypowych z jednej strony i klasterów znaczeniowych z drugiej. Wymaga to sięgnięcia do kategorii językoznawstwa kognitywnego oraz kulturowych modeli uczuć i emocji oraz zdarzeń emotywnych. Wczęści metodologicznej pracy zaprezentowano źródła i badania danych ilościowych oraz, czerpiące z inspiracji językoznawstwa kognitywnego, badania jakościowe pojęć emotywnych i ich metaforyki (kwestionariusze GRID, zadania online sortowania i rankingu oraz badania korpusowe). Jako przykład omówiono angielskie pojęcie compassion w szerszym klasterze emotywnym oraz polskie pojęcie współczucie, jak też wzorce ich występowania w autentycznym materiale językowym. We wnioskach przedstawione są implikacje tak pojętych analiz interdyscyplinarnych, czerpiących z połączenia metodologii i źródeł badań psychologicznych, socjologicznych, kulturowych i językowych dla nowego podejścia w językowych badaniach kontrastywnych.