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EN
Metastasis accounts for most of deaths caused by cancer. The increasing body of evidence suggests that changes in N-glycosylation of tumor cell proteins such as increased branching, increased sialylation, polysialylation, decreased fucosylation, enhanced formation of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X antigens are among important factors determining metastatic potential of tumor cell. Most of the adhesion proteins, e.g., integrins, members of immunoglobulin superfamily, and cadherins are heavily N-glycosylated. The other proteins involved in adhesion, like galectins and type-C selectins, recognize N-glycans as a part of their specific ligands. In this review we focus on recent reports concerning the contribution of N-glycosylation of tumor cell adhesion molecules and some selected membrane proteins in the tumor invasion and metastasis.
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tom 42
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nr 2
EN
Proteasomes or multicatalytic proteinases have recently been discovered in mammalian cells. These enzymes are major non-lysosomal proteinases of eukaryotic cells that can account up to 1% of the soluble cellular protein. Our previous studies indicated that multicatalytic proteinases are present in parasitic nematodes of sheep. In this study we have demonstrated that the method described by Rivett et al. (1994) and used for mammalian cells, can give reasonably good preparations of proteasomes from Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae. Further, the inactivation of proteasomes activity by antisera suggests that enzymatic activity of proteasomes is recognised by the immune system of sheep.
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Content available Physical activity and protein requirement
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tom 06
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nr 2
EN
The range of solar radiation reaching the air-water inter-phase, medium wave UV radiation, i.e. UVB 290–320 nm and UVA 320–400 nm, is of the highest biological importance due to its harmful effects. Radiation within this range causes DNA damage (lethal effect) or limits the growth of organisms by inhibiting enzyme synthesis, reducing active transport, or by inducing mutations. The studies were carried out in 2007 based on samples water collected from surface microlayer (SM) (up to 150 μm) and subsurface water (SSW) (25 cm) of pelagic zone of eutrophic lake. The representative collection of bacterial strains was isolated from collected samples. The following are measured: the DNA and cellular protein synthesis activity, respiration activity of the bacteria and activity of hydrolytic enzymes in control cultures, subjected to UVB radiation (applied dose 100 mW cm⁻²) and with and without humic substances (HS) (final concentration 100 mg L⁻¹) playing role of compounds potentially protective from UV radiation. UVB irradiation had the strongest inhibiting impact on production of DNA in bacterial cells (12–23% of that in non-irradiated samples). UVB radiation also inhibits the synthesis of cellular protein (27–43% of that in non-irradiated samples) and bacterial respiration activity (44–48%). UVB radiation had by far the lowest impact on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. HS may function as a protective agent against UV radiation only in DNA synthesis. No significant differences in response to UVB were found between planktonic and neustonic bacteria.
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