Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O źródłach teorii przyczynowania celowego w tomizmie konsekwentnym

100%

Szczepkowska W.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2008

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tom 6

|

nr 1

517-532

2

Moral Responsibility for Natural Disasters

100%

Dranseika V.

Human Affairs

|

2015

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tom 26

|

nr 1

73-79

EN

My aim in this paper is to explore the idea of human moral responsibility for (the outcomes) of natural disasters. First, I discuss the claim that there is often a human causal contribution to negative outcomes of even such paradigmatic natural disasters as earthquakes, typhoons, and volcano eruptions. Second, I attempt to move away from discussions attributing human causal responsibility to discussions attributing human moral responsibility for such outcomes (and to the obstacles to such attributions). I suggest that in most (perhaps even all) cases of moral responsibility for the outcomes of natural disasters moral responsibility is grounded in culpable negligence, including culpable failure to prevent the side-effects of our actions or omissions.

3

Causality in models of thermal processes in ship engine rooms with the use of Bond Graph (BG) method

100%

Cichy M. , Kneba Z. , Kropiwnicki J.

Polish Maritime Research

|

2017

|

tom S 1

32--37

EN

With a single approach to modeling elements of different physical nature, the method of Bond Graph (BG) is particularly well suited for modeling energy systems consisting of mechanical, thermal, electrical and hydraulic elements that operate in the power system engine room. The paper refers to the earlier presented [2] new concept of thermal process modeling using the BG method. The authors own suggestions for determining causality in models of thermal processes created by the said concept were given. The analysis of causality makes it possible to demonstrate the model conflicts that prevent the placement of state equations which allows for the direct conduct of simulation experiments. Attention has been drawn to the link between the energy systems models of thermal processes with models of elements of different physical nature. Two examples of determining causality in models of complex energy systems of thermal elements have been presented. The firs relates to the electrical system associated with the process of heat exchange. The second is a model of the mechanical system associated with the thermodynamic process.

4

Speed, human reality, and the ribovirocell concept of human existence in the COVID19 and post-COVID19 space-time Ribovirocell and resilience to COVID19

100%

Iheanetu C. , Tamášová V. , Tandlich R.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2024

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tom 15

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nr 29

38-61

EN

In this follow up paper, the ribovirocell concept from the first part of the study is linked to the ontological realm of human reality before, during and in the aftermath of COVID19. During this fluid space-time, human reality is multi-faceted and often very complicated. The authors present a division of the reality into fundamental reality and situational reality. Fundamental reality is based on the (physical) laws of nature such as the speed of light as a fundamental physical constant. This reality spans beyond the course of time as perceived by humans, which is beyond the duration of a single or multiple human lifespans and beyond the duration of the COIVD19 pandemic. Next to fundamental reality and overlapping with it, exists the situational reality, which humans experience directly themselves during their lifetime(s). Actions of humanity and of individual human beings contribute to the shaping of the situational reality. Examples of the situational reality can be e.g. experiencing atrocities that humanity has committed, humanity’s actions to prevent such atrocities in the future, as well as human progress in eliminating poverty/inequality in the world. At least, some aspects of human lives take place at the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality. The COVID19 pandemic is linked to the concepts and the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality that human’s experiences, such as speed of pandemic impact and shifting nature of reality. The ribovirocell state of one’s self is linked to the way to apply the speed as a threshold concept for resilience in the coronavirus space-time and the post-COVID19 world

5

On the Relation Between Health and Income: A Cross-Country Analysis

100%

Kobylinski K. , Tyrowicz J.

Central European Economic Journal

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2018

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tom 5

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nr 52

EN

An examination of the correlation between health and wealth cannot determine the direction of causality between the two. Countries’ geographic characteristics have an important effect on health, and they are plausibly uncorrelated with other determinants of wealth. This paper uses two climate variables – population-weighted temperature and precipitation – to obtain instrumental variables estimates of the effect of health on wealth.

6

The reaction of the WIG stock market index to changes in the interest rates on bank deposits

100%

Przekota G. , Szczepańska-Przekota I.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 20, No. 1

97-110

EN

Determination of the relationship between the money market and capital market is particularly important from the point of view of taking a decision on the location of investment capital. It may help to forecast future states. This study seeks to determine the relationship of the interest rate on deposits in zloty with the WIG stock index and the volume of turnover on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Analysis of correlation and VAR models are used. Analysis of long-term correlation indicates a negative relationship between the interest rate on deposits in banks and the value of the WIG stock-index. However, this may be spurious. The dependence between these variables may be more complex and should rather be seen as short term. It seems that in general the impact of an increase in interest rates on the value of the WIG index is negative in the short term, just as in the long term. In addition, in the short term these variables can move in the same direction. The results obtained in the research are consistent with results obtained for other national markets. This applies in particular to the relatively weak, negative correlation described above.

7

Causality between foreign direct investment in the automotive sector and export performance of Macedonian economy

100%

Damoska Sekuloska J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

|

2018

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tom 13

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nr 3

427-443

EN

Research background: Foreign direct investment is perceived as a valuable tool for economic growth. The growth could be realized more or less as a set of benefits depending on the FDIs features. In the period from 2009 to 2016 a remarkable increase in the share of FDIs inflow in automotive sector in Macedonian economy was noticed, from 2.8% to 14.1%. Thus, there seem to be good reasons to examine the issue of how the increased FDI inflow expressed through the remarkable in-crease of FDIs inflow in the automotive sector. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze the causality between the increased FDIs inflow in the automotive industry and a remarkable export growth. The research interest of the study is to recognize the importance of the FDIs inflow structure as a determinant of the export structure. Methods: Within the paper a model is developed that identifies the FDIs as a factor of growth of the export performances. A regression analysis is used to examine the correlation between the FDIs inflow and export. In order to examine causality, the Granger causality test is applied between the FDIs inflow and increased export. Findings & Value added: The results suggest that FDIs create a good basis for quantitative and qualitative shift in the export structure of the Macedonian economy. The paper associates growth of sectoral export with the growth of FDIs in that sector. Due to the increased FDI inflow in the automotive industry, this sector has significantly increased its share in the total Macedonian export. The paper indicates that FDIs can be considered as a way of engagement in the global supplying chains, which additionally influences positively the competitiveness and export performance of the host suppliers.

8

Context and Animacy Play a Role in Dynamic Decision-Making

100%

Osman M. , Ananiadis-Basias A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

|

2013

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tom 9

|

nr 2

61-78

EN

Perception, judgment, and reasoning are all processes that are sensitive to cues to animacy (i.e. the presence of signals that indicate an object behaves as if it has intentions and internal goals). The present study investigated the following question: Does animacy facilitate decision-making in a dynamic control system? To address this, the present study used a dynamic decision-making task and compared behavior in four different contexts (Abstract, Animate-Social, Inanimate-Social, Inanimate-Non-social). Participants were randomly allocated to one of these contexts, and in each version they were required to learn to manipulate variables in order to bring the dynamic system to a desirable state and maintain it at that level. The findings suggest that it is not animacy per se that facilitates decision-making behavior, but rather the presence of a context. However, animacy made an impact on the type of strategic behavior implemented when interacting with the dynamic system. We argue that context induces general beliefs about causal relationships in dynamic environments that generalize across animate as well as inanimate contexts.

9

Existence

100%

Skorupski J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2013

|

nr 24

5-16

XX

The question what really—ultimately, basically, and so forth—exists remains a fundamental question of philosophy. It is also, however, a prime example of how misleading it can be to try to answer a philosophical question without first taking pains to clarify it. In this case, clarification has turned out to be difficult and controversial, which leads to a meta-question: Is this apparently fundamental question—the ontological question—also a pseudo-question, a question that should be dissolved rather than solved? This paper answers for an answer that is somewhat Meinongian.

10

Causal reversibility in individual token interpretation of Petri Nets

100%

Benamira A.

Computer Science

|

2020

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tom T. 21 (4)

489-511

EN

Causal reversibility in concurrent systems means that events that the origin of other events can only be undone after undoing its consequences. In opposition to backtracking, events that are independent of each other can be reversed in an arbitrary order; in other words, we have flexible reversibility with respect to a causality relationship. An implementation of individual token interpretation of Petri Nets (IPNs) has been proposed by Rob Van Glabbeek et al.; the present paper investigates a study of causal reversibility within IPNs. Given N as an IPN, by adding an intuitive firing rule to undo transitions according to the causality relationship, the coherence of N is assured; i.e., the set of all reachable states of N in the reversible version and that of the original one are identical. Furthermore, reversibility in N is flexible, and their initial state can be accessible in reverse from any state. In this paper, an approach for controlling causal-reversibility within IPNs is proposed.

11

Using of the VAR Model in Analysis of Interest Rates Relationship in Poland

100%

Rembeza J. , Przekota G. , Technical University of Koszalin I. o. E. a. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2009

|

tom 228

PL

W opracowaniu analizowano powiązania pomiędzy dziennymi, miesięcznymi, rocznymi i pięcioletnimi stopami procentowymi w Polsce. W analizie wykorzystano modele VAR, funkcje odpowiedzi na impuls oraz dekompozycję wariancji. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że dominuje oddziaływanie stóp długookresowych na stopy krótkookresowe. Taki charakter powiązań wskazuje na występowanie zwrotnej, wzmocnionej reakcji stóp procentowych.

EN

In this research it is examined the relationship between daily, monthly, yearly and 5-yearly interest rates in Poland. VAR model was used in analyze, the impulse response function and variance decomposition. These results indicate that there is influence of long-term interest rates on short-term rates. Such a relationship indicates the presence of feedback, an enhanced response rates.

12

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

100%

Trzęsicki K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

|

2015

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

139-162

EN

The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.

13

Imperfect Causality

100%

Mazlack L. J.

Fundamenta Informaticae

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 59, nr 2,3

191--201

EN

Causal reasoning is important to human reasoning. It plays an essential role in day-to-day human decision-making. Human understanding of causality is necessarily imprecise, imperfect, and uncertain. Soft computing methods may be able to provide the approximation tools needed. In order to algorithmically consider causes, imprecise causal models are needed. A difficulty is striking a good balance between precise formalism and imprecise reality. Determining causes from available data has been a goal throughout human history. Today, data mining holds the promise of extracting unsuspected information from very large databases. The most common methods build rules. In many ways, the interest in rules is that they offer the promise (or illusion) of causal, or at least, predictive relationships. However, the most common rule form (association rules) only calculates a joint occurrence frequency; they do not express a causal relationship. If causal relationships could be discovered, it would be very useful.

14

The reaction of the WIG stock market index to changes in the interest rates on bank deposits

100%

PRZEKOTA G. , SZCZEPAŃSKA-PRZEKOTA A.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2010

|

tom 20

|

nr 1

97-110

EN

Determination of the relationship between the money market and capital market is particularly important from the point of view of taking a decision on the location of investment capital. It may help to forecast future states. This study seeks to determine the relationship of the interest rate on deposits in zloty with the WIG stock index and the volume of turnover on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Analysis of correlation and VAR models are used. Analysis of long-term correlation indicates a negative relationship between the interest rate on deposits in banks and the value of the WIG stock-index. However, this may be spurious. The dependence between these variables may be more complex and should rather be seen as short term. It seems that in general the impact of an increase in interest rates on the value of the WIG index is negative in the short term, just as in the long term. In addition, in the short term these variables can move in the same direction. The results obtained in the research are consistent with results obtained for other national markets. This applies in particular to the relatively weak, negative correlation described above.

15

On the analytic properties of the S-matrix for the unknown interactions surrounded by centrifugal and rapidly decreasing potentials

88%

Olkhovsky V.

Open Physics

|

2011

|

tom 9

|

nr 1

13-44

EN

The analytic structure of the non-relativistic unitary and non-unitary S-matrix is investigated for the cases of the unknown interactions with the unknown motion equations inside a sphere of radius a, surrounded by the centrifugal and rapidly decreasing (exponentially or by the Yukawian law or by the more rapidly decreasing) potentials. The one-channel case and special examples of many-channel cases are considered. Some kinds of symmetry conditions are imposed. The Schroedinger equation for r > a for the particle motion and the condition of the completeness of the correspondent wave functions are assumed. The connection of the obtained results with the usual (temporal) causality is examined. Finally a scientific program is presented as a clear continuation and extension of the obtained results.

16

Ludwik Silberstein o przyczynowości w przyrodzie

88%

Flin P. , Stępień A.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

|

2011

|

nr 49

138-148

PL

In this paper we present the opinions of Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) on the question of causality in the scientiﬁc investigations. The discussion is based on the examples taken from physics and astronomy. Silberstein is convinced that the principle of causality is an important heuristic law, a diﬀerent kind of law of nature (as, for example, Kepler’s laws or Ohm’s law).

17

Research on Online Condition monitoring for Complex System based on Modified Broad Learning Systems

88%

Wang C. , Liu J.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2024

|

tom Vol. 26, no. 2

art. no. 183600

EN

Complex systems contain numerous interacting components, thus deep learning methods with powerful performance and complex structure are often used to achieve condition monitoring. However, the deep learning methods are always too time-consuming and hardware-demanding to be loaded into complex systems for online training and updates. To achieve accurate and timely monitoring of complex system state, based on broad learning system (BLS), an online condition monitoring method is proposed in this paper. GeneralBLSs are based on a randomly generated hidden-layer, usually perform poorly in high-dimensional data classification tasks. In this work, based on correlation and causality, two modified BLSs are proposed and mixed to establish the online monitoring system. Specifically, logistic regression (LR) and structural causal model (SCM) are considered to form rough predictions of the system state, thus to replace the randomly generated ones with no practical significance. The effectiveness of the proposed online monitoring method is verified by both simulation data and real data.

18

Oko i Skarbiec Prawdziwego Prawa, zwój siódmy: Głęboka wiara w przyczynę-i-skutek

88%

Kigen D. , Kanert M.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2017

|

tom 7

|

nr 1

157-165

EN

Źródło przekładu: Kawamura Kōdō (Red. i przyp.). Dōgen zenji zenshū, dai 2 kan. Tōkyō: Shunjūsha.

19

Semantics for Specialising Attack Trees based on Linear Logic

88%

Horne R. , Mauw S. , Tiu A.

Fundamenta Informaticae

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 153, nr 1/2

57--86

EN

Attack trees profile the sub-goals of the proponent of an attack. Attack trees have a variety of semantics depending on the kind of question posed about the attack, where questions are captured by an attribute domain. We observe that one of the most general semantics for attack trees, the multiset semantics, coincides with a semantics expressed using linear logic propositions. The semantics can be used to compare attack trees to determine whether one attack tree is a specialisation of another attack tree. Building on these observations, we propose two new semantics for an extension of attack trees named causal attack trees. Such attack trees are extended with an operator capturing the causal order of sub-goals in an attack. These two semantics extend the multiset semantics to sets of series-parallel graphs closed under certain graph homomorphisms, where each semantics respects a class of attribute domains. We define a sound logical system with respect to each of these semantics, by using a recently introduced extension of linear logic, called MAV, featuring a non-commutative operator. The non-commutative operator models causal dependencies in causal attack trees. Similarly to linear logic for attack trees, implication defines a decidable preorder for specialising causal attack trees that soundly respects a class of attribute domains.

20

The minimum wage in Poland and its connection to unemployment: Evaluating causality

88%

Sikora A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

|

2021

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

65-77

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena zależności między wynagrodzeniem minimalnym, zatrudnieniem i bezrobociem w Polsce. Przedstawiono przegląd teoretycznych aspektów płacy minimalnej, głównych motywacji za jej stosowaniem, a także potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji. Płaca minimalna w Polsce zostaje przedstawiona na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej. Wykorzystując metodę Toda-Yamamoto oraz dane kwartalne GUS i ILOSTAT obejmujące lata 2002–2019, zbadano przyczynowość Grangera między indeksem Kaitza a wybranymi wskaźnikami rynku pracy. Wyniki wskazują na istnienie jednokierunkowej przyczynowości Grangera między wskaźnikiem Kaitza a ogólną stopą bezrobocia. Nie wykryto podobnych zależności w przypadku pozostałych badanych wskaźników, w tym między innymi stopy zatrudnienia i stopy bezrobocia wśród osób młodych.

EN

The paper’s primary goal is the evaluation of the relationship between minimum wage, employment, and unemployment in Poland in the past two decades. It presents an overview of theoretical aspects of minimum wages, the main motivations behind its implementation, as well as potential negative consequences. The minimum wage in Poland is presented in comparison to other European Union countries. Finally, using a Toda-Yamamoto approach and quarterly data covering the years 2002–2019, the Granger causality between the Kaitz index and selected labour market indicators is examined. The results indicate the presence of unidirectional Granger causality between the Kaitz index and the general unemployment rate. It does not indicate similar relationships for other examined indicators, including employment rate and youth unemployment rate.