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2005
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tom Vol. 9, nr 2
179--185
EN
On the basis of the simplified formulation of Hsieh [6] for interfacial stability problems, a general dispersion relation of Kelvin-Helmholtz stability in the presence of mass, heat transfer, porous media, surface tension and magnetic field is obtained to generalize the problems studied in references [7-10]. It is found that magnetic field, heat transfer, surface tension and streaming have a stabilizing effect, while porous media has a destabilizing effect on unstable modes.
EN
A pulsed capillary discharge has been the subject of various experimental and theoretical studies. A jet of copperhydrogen plasma with a cylindrical symmetry has been developed as a light source for spectroscopic measurements. The electron density of the plasma was obtained by using the Hβ spectral line of the hydrogen component plasma. The electron temperature was determined by means of the Boltzmann method applied to the copper profiles emitted by the plasma jet. The copper and hydrogen lines were broadened principally by the Stark effect. The electron density of the plasma was found to be about 2×1017 cm–3 and the electron temperature about 20000K.
EN
The stability criterion of a fluid cylinder (density p) embedded into a different fluid (density p¹) is derived and discussed. The model is capillary unstable in the domain 0 p the model is purely unstable for all short and long wavelengths. In m≠0 modes the self-gravitating model is neutrally stable as p = p¹ and ordinary stable as p¹ < p but it is purely unstable as p¹ > p. The streaming destabilizing effect makes the self-gravitating instability worse and shrinks the stable domains. The stability analysis of the model under the combined effect of the capillary and self-gravitating forces is performed analytically and verified numerically. When p¹ < p the capillary force and the axial flow have destabilizing influences but the densities ratio p¹/p has a stabilizing effect on the gravitating instability. If p = p¹ the streaming is destabilizing but the capillary force is strongly stabilizing and could suppress the gravitational instability. When p¹ > p the capillary force improved the gravitational instability and created much domains of stability and moreover the instability of the self-gravitating force disappeared in several cases of axisymmetric disturbances.
4
88%
EN
The hydro magnetic capillary stability of a streaming gas cylinder pervaded by an azimuthally varying magnetic field, surrounded by bounded fluid has been investigated for all kinds of perturbations. The problem is formulated, solved and upon applying appropriate boundary conditions, the dispersion relation is derived and discussed. The uniform magnetic field pervaded in the fluid is strongly stabilizing and that independently on the kind of perturbation. The azimuthally varying magnetic field in the gas region is purely destabilizing in the symmetric perturbation while it is so or otherwise in the asymmetric perturbation according to restriction. The radii ratio of the fluid-gas cylinder has a stabilizing tendency. The streaming has strong destabilizing influence for all short and long wavelengths. The capillary force is purely stabilizing in the asymmetric perturbation while it is so or not in the symmetric perturbation based on the wavelength is being shorter or longer than the gas cylinder circumference. Upon certain restrictions the destabilizing effect of the model could be suppressed and stability sets in.
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Content available remote Model adsorpcji pary wodnej w kapilarze
75%
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tom z. 14
75--80
EN
In the work a model of water vapour and superficial moisture flow in a single capillary is presented taking into account the phenomenon of water vapour adsorption on the capillary walls. Basing on the condition that the capillary pressure gradient is constant the expression, describing a distribution of thickness of liquid film in the capillary, is derived.
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tom R. 88, nr 9b
141-144
EN
A micro heat pipe’s (MHP) performance is largely determined by its capillary limit. Based on comprehensive analyses of lower backflow resistance of working fluid in trapezium-grooved-wick MHP and greater capillary suction in a sintered-wick MHP, this paper established the mathematical model of capillary limit for a MHP with the compound structure of a sintered wick on trapezium-grooved substrate. The analyses show that a MHP with such compound structure has a higher capillary limit than that a MHP with a simplex sintered- or trapezium-grooved wick structure.
PL
Właściwości podgrzewanej mikrorurki zależą od parametrów kapilary. W artykule zaprezentowano model matematyczny mikrorurki z kapilarą uwzględniający skład. Zaproponowano optymalizacje konstrukcji.
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tom R. 50, nr 10-11
640-643
PL
Przedstawione wyniki badań przeprowadzono w celu określenia wpływu rodzaju proszku żelaza, dodatków miedzi i fosforu, gęstości wyprasek oraz czasu spiekania na morfologię kapilar oraz na porowatość całkowitą, otwartą i zamkniętą uformowanych metodą prasowania i spiekania kształtek. Analizę wyników badań przedstawiono w aspekcie procesu infiltracji.
EN
Results of a research work aimed to determine an effect of a kind of iron powder, additions of copper and phosphorus, density of compacts and sintering time on the morphology of capillaries and on overall, open and closed porosity of the profiles formed by pressing and sintering, have been presented. The obtained results have been analysed from a point of view of infitration process.
8
63%
EN
Purpose: Computer simulations are widely used for designing, which contributes to a cheaper equipment developing process. In the last years computer simulations have begun to be also applied in different instances of microfluidics, especially in microchip electrophoresis (where an electrophoresis process takes place in the microcapillaries manufactured on the surface of the small plate) which is interesting for us. However, there are no many commercial programs enabling simulations of microfluidics. The programs existing in the market are recently developed as microscale brings new possibilities but also unpredictable effects and challenging problems. The aim of this paper is to develop a mature technique helpful in designing electrophoretic microchips [1-4]. Design/methodology/approach: Temperature distributions occurring during capillary electrophoresis because of Joule heating effects will be calculated with use of the CoventorWare™ software. Findings: Computer simulations with the model of capillary, with the same geometry as the real one, are presented. Numerical simulation results are compared with the real data from the capillary electrophoresis process. Practical implications: This is the first step to create a reliable tool for designing microfluidic devices. Originality/value: This comparison shows an ability of the CoventorWare™ software to design electrophoretic microchips.
9
Content available remote Masowy przepływomierz kapilarny do badań kinetyki uwalniania zasorbowanego gazu
63%
PL
Zbudowany masowy przepływomierz kapilarny służy do pomiarów kinetyki uwalniania zasorbowanego w próbce węglowej gazu. Badana próbka umieszczona w szczelnym pojemniku jest na wstępie nasycana gazem do stanu równowagi sorpcyjnej. Następnie, po usunięciu nadmiaru gazu z pojemnika, obserwowany jest wypływ uwalnianego gazu do atmosfery. Masowy wydatek gazu wyrażany w mol/s, wyznaczany jest na podstawie rejestracji spadku ciśnienia na kapilarze przez którą uwalniany gaz opuszcza pojemnik z próbką. Przepływomierz posiada cztery zakresy pomiarowe: 0-150 μmol/s, 0-45 μmol/s, 0-18 μmol/s i 0-4 μmol/s, które mogą być zmieniane w trakcie obserwacji wielogodzinnego procesu desorpcji gazu z próbki, zwiększając w ten sposób zakres dynamiki obserwacji procesu uwalniania. Przedstawiono szczegółowy opis budowy i działania przepływomierza, a także przykładowe, zarejestrowane za jego pomocą przebiegi kinetyki uwalniania zasorbowanego w próbce gazu.
EN
The newly constructed capillary flow meter is used for measuring the kinetics of the release of gas adsorbed in a coal sample. The mass flow rate is expressed in mol/s. It is obtained basing on the registered pressure decrease in the capillary, which accompanies the process of gas release from the sample through a test capillary, to the atmosphere. The flow meter features four measuring ranges: 0-200 mol/s, 0-50 mol/s, 0-20 mol/s and 0-5 mol/s, which can be varied during the gas desorption process lasting several hours to improve the flow meter’s sensitivity. The construction and operating principle of the flow meter is outlined. The registered diagrams of the process kinetics are provided, too.
EN
The present analysis discusses the solute transport process in a steady 2D (axial and radial) laminar flow of blood through a permeable, finite length capillary. Blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid and the solute is absorbed at the capillary wall with a linear irreversible reaction rate. The velocity profile is obtained by a regular perturbation technique, whereas the transport coefficients depicted by the Gill generalized dispersion model are solved numerically. A number of different scenarios are considered, namely transport with no-reaction, weak absorption, strong absorption, low filtration or high filtration, etc. In the initial stages, the temporal behaviour of the dispersion coefficient is identical to those cases when there is no radial velocity. For the combined effect of radial and axial velocities, however, the dispersion coefficient is lower for a high absorption rate than for a weak absorption rate. Diffusion is accelerated with higher values of filtration coefficient. Owing to the opposite effects of radial diffusion and radial velocity, the solute particles require more time to reach the steady state. The analysis finds applications in, for example, reactive nutrient and pharmacological transport in capillary hemodynamics.
PL
W pracy opisano nowe rozwiązanie techniczne - przykrywkę do pionowego wprowadzania kapilary spektrometru absorpcji atomowej do naczynia teflonowego podczas analiz małych objętości roztworów próbek. Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zastosowaniem tej modyfikacji w technice wstrzykowej w połączeniu z płomieniową metodą atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej (AAS) do określania składu chemicznego izolatów międzymetalicznej fazy γ' otrzymanych z wieloskładnikowych stopów na osnowie niklu oraz izolatów węglikowych uzyskanych z nieledeburytycznych stali narzędziowych.
EN
In this work a new technical solution - a polystyrene glass cover to provide control to a horizontal capillary atomic absorption spectrometer in a teflon crater container is used during the analysis of small volumetric samples. The results of the research show that under these modifications, the injection technique in connection with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is used to determine the chemical composition of intermetallic γ' phase isolates and carbide isolates. The γ' phase isolates were obtained from high temperature nickel-base alloys and the carbide isolates from non ledeburitic high-speed steel.
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tom 2
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nr 6(11)
2.1-2.8
UK
Стаття присвячена вивченню впливу зовнішніх фізичних чинників на прискорення процесу виробництва цукатів. Встановлено, дифузія цукрового сиропу в рослинну сировину здійснюється капілярними силами, тобто силами змочування. На цей процес основний вплив здійснює пористість сировини. Скоротити час приготування цукатів можна шляхом штучного збільшення пористості рослинної сировини або руйнування клітинної оболонки (мембрани) рослинної сировини.
EN
This article deals with studying the impact of external physical factors on the acceleration of the process of candied fruit production. It is proved, that the diffusion of sugar syrup into raw plant carried in by capillary forces, or the forces of wetting. The porosity of materials affects this process the most. To reduce cooking time is possible by artificial increasing the porosity of plant material or by the destruction of the cell membrane of the plant material.
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tom R. 49, nr 8
407-411
PL
Przedstawiono od strony teoretycznej i doświadczalnej wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące wpływu wielkości i morfologii kapilar na stopień wypełnienia kapilar cieczą podczas infiltracji w atmosferze gazowej. Przedstawiono równania opisujące wysokość wzniesienia i stopień wypełnienia w prostych kapilarach nieprzelotowych oraz hydrodynamiczny warunek infiltracji cieczy do kapilar o złożonej morfologii. Wyniki rozważań teoretycznych zweryfikowano z wynikami badań doświadczalnych na przykładzie infiltracji wody i miedzi do kapilar z proszku i włókien wolframu.
EN
The paper presents, from theoretical and experimental point of view, selected issues related to an effect of a size and morphology of capillaries on their space filling with a liquid during infiltration in a gas atmosphere. Equations describing height of a rise and the degree of filling of simple closed capillaries and hydrodynamic condition of a liquid infiltration into capillaries of a complex morphology have been presented. Results of theoretical considerations were verified with experimental data taking infiltration of water and copper to capillaries from tungsten powder and fibres as an example.
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tom R. 46, nr 8
380-384
PL
Na strukturę i na własności kompozytów wytwarzanych metodą infiltracji zasadniczy wpływ wywiera charakterystyka kapilar w porowatych kształtkach przeznaczonych do infiltracji. Praca przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczące: kształtowania struktury kapilar w porowatych kształtkach ze stali szybkotnącej pod wpływem dodatków grafitu, miedzi i węglika WC; wpływu morfologii kapilar na przebieg infiltracji oraz na strukturę i własności infiltrowanych miedzią kompozytów na osnowie stali szybkotnącej M3/2.
EN
The structure and properties of composites, generated by infiltration, are principally influenced by the characteristic of capillaries in the porous, shaped, steel elements destinated for infiltration. The paper presents the investigation-results, refering to formation of the structure of capillaries in porous, high-speed steel shape-elements, under the influence of graphite, copper and carbide, WC, additions, and influence of capillaries-morphology on the run of infiltration and on the structure of copper-infiltrated composites with high-speed steel M3/2 matrix.
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