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EN
Kaempferide (3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 1), a naturally occurring flavonoid with potent anticancer activity in a number of human tumour cell lines, was first semisynthesized from naringin. Based on Mannich reaction of kaempferide with various secondary amines and formaldehyde, nine novel kaempferide Mannich base derivatives 2-10 were synthesized. The aminomethylation occurred preferentially in the position at C-6 and C-8 of the A-ring of kaempferide. All the synthetic compounds were tested for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (Hela, HCC1954, SK-OV-3) by the standard MTT method. The results showed that compounds 1, 2 and 5-10 were more potent against Hela cells with IC50 values of 12.47-28.24 μM than the positive control cis-platin (IC50 41.25 μM), compounds 5, 6, 8 and 10 were more potent against HCC1954 cells with IC50 values of 8.82-14.97 μM than the positive control cis-platin (IC50 29.68 μM), and compounds 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 were more potent against SK-OV-3 cells with IC50 values of 7.67-18.50 μM than the positive control cis-platin (IC50 21.27 μM).
EN
This work concentrated on the utility of hydrazonoyl halides in synthesis of bioactive heterocycles like triazoles, pyrazoles, pyrimidines and their fused derivatives which have a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical value. Herein we discussed the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing fused pyrimidine rings derived from hydrazonoyl halides and their significant pharmaceutical importance as anticancer agents. New fused pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were prepared via reaction of enaminone 2 with and 6-amino-2-thioxo-pyrimidin-4-one and then with hydrazonoyl chlorides 6a-h. In addition 3-amino-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile (12) was submitted to react with carbon dioxide to afford 3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4-dithioxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (15), which act as key molecule for synthesis of new series of fused prymidinethione derivatives containing coumarine moiety via its reaction with different selected derivatives of hydrazonoyl halides 6a-h. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectral data (IR, H1NMR and Mass spectrometry) and microanalytical methods. Also, they screened for their anticancer activity.
EN
A series of new benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro for possible anticancer activity. Their effect of proliferation into selected tumor cell lines at normoxia and hypoxia conditions was determined by WST-1 test. Additionally, apoptosis test (caspase 3/7 assay) was used to check the mode caused by the agents of cell death. Four of the examined compounds (7, 8, 13, 11) showed a very good antiproliferative effect and three of them were specific for hypoxia conditions (8, 14, 11). Compound 8 was the most cytotoxic against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells at hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia/ normoxia cytotoxic coefficient of compound 14 (4.75) is close to hypoxia/normoxia cytotoxic coefficient of tirapazamine (5.59) - a reference compound in our experiments and this parameter locates it between mitomycin C and 2-nitroimidazole (misonidazole). Screening test of caspase-dependent apoptosis proved that exposure to A549 cells of compounds 7-8 and 13-14 for 48 h promote apoptotic cell death. These results supplement our earlier study of the activity of new potentialy cytotoxic heterocyclic compounds against selected tumor cells.
EN
Phenolic extracts of apple and carrot juices and apple and carrot tissue, and selected pure compounds were examined for their ability to decrease the viability of human colon cancer cells (HT29 and LoVo) in vitro. In addition, apple and carrot juices were supplemented with phloretin and chlorogenic acid, respectively, to simulate genetically modified products with enhanced levels of these phytochemicals and screened as described above. Amongst the pure compounds tested, phloretin was shown to have the greatest effect on the viability of both cell lines. Here we report that phloretin has a marked effect on the survival of colon cancer cells at concentrations as low as 50 μmol/L, and therefore shows significant anticarcinogenic potential. With regard to the effect of the phenolic extracts of apple and carrot tissue, that from transgenic carrot decreased cell viability by as much as 20% at the highest concentration (200 μg/mL). Phenolic extracts of control carrot and control apple tissue had little effect. However similar extracts of apple juice supplemented with either 500 or 1000 μmol/L phloretin reduced the survival of LoVo cells to 10% and showed marked activity at 100 μmol/L. Apple juice alone did not reduce cell viability, probably because the concentration of phloretin was too low. This information supports the recommendation that consumers should be encouraged to eat more fruit and vegetables, especially those containing compounds such as phloretin. There is also potential for food producers and manufacturers to develop products with enhanced flavonoid content, either by conventional breeding, transgenically or by supplementation.
PL
W pracy badano wpływ ekstraktów fenolowych z surowców roślinnych (sok z jabłek i marchwi, hodowle tkankowe korzeni jabłek i marchwi) oraz wybranych czystych chemicznie związków fenolowych na przeżywalność dwóch linii komórek nowotworowych jelita grubego (HT29 i LoVo) w warunkach in vitro. Ponadto wzbogacono naturalny sok z jabłek i marchwi, odpowiednio, floretyną i kwasem chlorogenowym w celu symulacji produktów genetycznie modyfikowanych posiadających podwyższony poziom związków fenolowych i zbadano ich wpływ na przeżywalność komórek nowotworowych. Wśród testowanych czystych chemicznie związków fenolowych, floretyna wykazała największą skuteczność w obniżaniu przeżywalności badanych linii komórek nowotworowych (tab. 2), już w stężeniu 50 μmol/L znacznie obniżyła przeżywalność badanych komórek. Spośród surowców roślinnych, ekstrakty fenolowe z transgenicznych korzeni marchwi najskuteczniej obniżyły przeżywalność komórek nowotworowych (tab. 2), ekstrakt fenolowy w stężeniu 200 μg/mL obniżył przeżywalność komórek o 20%. Natomiast ekstrakty fenolowe z kontrolnych korzeni marchwi i jabłoni wykazały znacznie mniejszy efekt na przeżywalność badanych komórek (tab. 2). Warto zaznaczyć, że wzbogacenie soku z jabłek floretyną doprowadziło do obniżenia przeżywalności badanych komórek już przy stężeniu floretyny wynoszącym 100 μmol/L a stężenia powyżej 500 μmol/L obniżyły przeżywalność komórek LoVo aż o 90% (tab. 3). Sam sok z jabłek nie był skutecznym czynnikiem w obniżaniu żywotności komórek w warunkach in vitro (tab. 3), prawdopodobnie z powodu zbyt niskiego naturalnego stężenia floretyny. Zamieszczone informacje powinny skłonić konsumentów do regularnego spożywania większych ilości warzyw i owoców, szczególnie tych produktów, które zawierają duże ilości floretyny (jabłka). Ponadto doniesienia te powinny nakłonić przedsiębiorców do uzyskiwania produktów o podwyższonym poziomie związków fenolowych poprzez tradycyjne techniki rolnicze lub poprzez dodatki do żywności.
EN
A novel protease with a molecular mass of 15 kDa was purified from fresh fruiting bodies of the wild mushroom Amanita farinosa. The purification protocol entailed anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The protease was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose but adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and SP-Sepharose. It demonstrated a single 15-kDa band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) and a 15-kDa peak in gel filtration. The optimal pH and optimal temperature of the protease were pH 8.0 and 65 °C, respectively. Proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells was inhibited by the protease with an IC50 of 25 µM. The protease did not have antifungal or ribonuclease activity.
EN
 Little was known about biological activities of compounds from the medicinal mushroom of the genus Pholiota. A lectin from the Pholiota adiposa has now been isolated and its properties tested. The isolation procedure included ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose, and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration (FPLC) on Superdex 75. The lectin was composed of two identical subunits, each with a molecular mass of 16 kDa. Its N-terminal amino-acid sequence showed little similarity to sequences of other Agaricales lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was stable at temperatures up to 50oC, and in NaOH and HCl solutions with concentrations less than 25 mM. It was inhibited by inulin (12.5-200 mM), but enhanced by Cu2+ (6.25-25 mM), Fe2+ (12.5-25 mM), and Al3+ (6.25-25 mM) ions. The lectin showed antiproliferative activity toward hepatoma Hep G2 cells and breast cancer MCF7 cells with an IC50 of 2.1 μM and approximately 3.2 μM, respectively. It exhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. When compared with P. aurivella lectin, the only Pholiota lectin published to date, P. adiposa lectin differs in chromatographic behavior, molecular mass, N-terminal sequence, and effect of cations on hemagglutinating activity. In the case of the lectin from P. aurivella, its antifungal, antiproliferative, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities have not been determined.
PL
Przedstawiono syntezę hydroksylaktonów zawierających w pozycji β podstawnik fenylowy, p-metylofenylowy, p-metoksyfenylowy oraz benzo[1,3]dioksolowy. Substratami w tej syntezie były γ,δ-nienasycone estry, z których trzy (3a–c) zostały otrzymane wcześniej z odpowiednich aldehydów aromatycznych, a ester z układem benzo[1,3]dioksolowym (3d) uzyskano w dwuetapowej syntezie z (E)-4- (benzo[d][1’,3’]-dioksol-5’-ylo)-but-3-en-2-onu (1). Hydroksylaktony 4a–d, 5a–d i 6a–d otrzymano w wyniku bezpośredniej reakcji kwasu m-chloronadbenzoesowego (m-CPBA) z estrami 3a–d w obecności kwasu trifluorooctowego. Zsyntezowane β-arylo-δ-hydroksy-γ-laktony 4a–d poddano testom na aktywność antyfidantną i antyproliferacyjną. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, iż związki z podstawnikiem fenylowym i p-metylofenylowym (4a i 4b) mają dobrą aktywność deterentną wobec owadzich szkodników magazynowych, podczas gdy hydroksylaktony z grupą metoksylową w pierścieniu aromatycznym (4c) lub pierścieniem dioksolowym (4d) wykazują zauważalną aktywność antyproliferacyjną wobec linii komórkowej kostniakomięsaka człowieka (U2-OS).
EN
(E)-4-(Benzo[d][1’,3’]-dioxol-5’-yl)-but-3-en-2-one was reduced with NaBH4 in MeOH at 0°C to resp. alc. converted then to Et(E)-(benzo[d][1’,3’]-dioxol-5’-yl)-hex-4-enoate with MeC(OEt) 3 in presence of EtCOOH at 138–140°C. The ester was then lactonized in CHCl3 with m-ClC6H4COOH in presence of CF3COOH at room temp. to a mixt. of trans- -4-(benzo[d][1’,3’]-dioxol-5’-yl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one (yield 8%) and 4-r-(benzo[d][1’,3’]-dioxol-5’-yl)- 5-c-hydroxy-6-t-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one (yield 0.2%). Similarly, Et(E)-3-phenylhex-4-enoate, (E)-3-(p-methylphenyl) hex-4-enoate and (E)-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)hexen-4-enoate were converted to resp. dihydrofuranones (yields 9%, 8% and 10%, resp.), tetrahydropyranones (yields 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.3%, resp.). The dihydrofuranones were studied for antifeedant and antiproliferative activity and biolog. tests. The compds. with Ph and p-MeC6H4 substituents showed good deterrent activity towards storage insect pests. The compds. substituted with O-contg. benzene rings had noticeable antiproliferative activity towards human osteosarcoma cell line.
EN
Natural and synthetic lactones containing an aromatic ring exhibit a number of biological properties, e.g. antiproliferative, antifeedant or antimicrobial activity. This review deals with the synthesis and biological properties of lactones containing an aromatic substituent in the β-position of the lactone ring. The described group of compounds includes halolactones, hydroxylactones, unsaturated lactones and products of reductive dehalogenation of iodolactones. In addition to chemical transformations, biotechnological methods for obtaining optically active lactones have also been described, including the use of lipases in the chemoenzymatic pathway leading to the production of halolactones, kinetic separation of hydroxylactones in the process of enzymatic transesterification, microbial hydrolytic dehalogenation of iodolactones and enantioselective hydrolysis of the lactone ring. The biological activity of the obtained β-aryllactones was also briefly characterized.
EN
Anti-proliferative activity was investigated of C18:2 9cis,11trans (conjugated linoleic acid – CLA) isomer isolated from sheep milk fat. The research was conducted on sheep milk fatty acids in natural composition (FA-1) containing 2.0% of the C18:2 9cis,11trans CLA isomer and preparation enriched with CLA, containing up to 9.2% of the CLA isomer (FA-2). The process of enrichment of FA-1 was carried out in two steps. Step I was to remove mid-chain-length saturated fatty acids, primarily C16,by forming adducts with urea (to obtain FA-U), while in step II the short-chain acids were removed by way of supercritical extraction with CO2. The final preparation obtained (FA-2) contained 9.2% of the C18:2 9cis,11trans isomer. A natural sheep milk fatty acid composition (FA-1), the CLA-enriched product (FA-2) and a commercial CLA preparation (CP) were tested for anti-proliferative activity against the cells of human cervical carcinoma (KB), and leukaemia (HL-60). The ID50 dose (resulting in a 50% inhibition of cell proliferation) of FA-2 was found lower than that of the CP preparation. The SRB test showed.
PL
Do badań nad aktywnością antyproliferacyjną głównego izomeru kwasu linolowego C18:29c,11t (CLA),wybrano tłuszcz mleka owczego, który zawiera 1,8-3% izomeru. Porównywano efekt działania kwasów tłuszczowych mleka owczego, zawierających 2,0% izomeru C18:29c,11t (FA-1), kwasy po wzbogaceniu w izomery CLA przez zatężenie do 9,2% (FA-2) oraz handlowy preparat syntetyczny zawierający około 80% CLA. Aktywność antyproliferacyjną FA-1, FA-2 i preparatu handlowego (CP) badano wobec komórek dwóch linii ludzkich nowotworów: raka szyjki macicy (KB) oraz białaczki promielocytarnej (HL-60). Wartość ID50 (dawka powodująca zahamowanie proliferacji 50% populacji komórek nowotworowych) preparatu FA-2 była niższa niż ID50 preparatu handlowego. Wyniki testu SRB wykazały zahamowanie proliferacji komórek KB, dla wagowo identycznych dawek (100 μg/ml), wyższe dla preparatu FA-2 niż dla preparatu CP – odpowiednio 85,3% i 69,5%. Wyniki testu MTT wykazały zahamowanie proliferacji komórek HL-60, również wyższe dla preparatu FA-2 niż dla CP – odpowiednio 99,0% i 69,0%. Kwasy tłuszczowe mleka owczego bez modyfikacji (FA-1) wykazały niewielką aktywność wobec obu badanych linii komórek nowotworowych – około 10%.
EN
Research into potential anticancer agents has shown that 2-methoxyestradiol exerts antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo in an estrogen receptor-independent manner. Due to its limited biological accessibility and rapid metabolic degradation, several new analogues have been developed in recent years. This study investigated the in vitro effects of a novel in silicodesigned compound (C16) in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7), an estrogen receptor-negative breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a nontumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Light microscopy revealed decreased cell density, cells blocked in metaphase and the presence of apoptotic characteristics in all three cell lines after exposure to C16 for 24 h. Polarizationoptical transmitted light differential interference contrast revealed the presence of several rounded cells and decreased cell density. The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that C16 exerted antiproliferative activity. Significant inhibition of cell growth was demonstrated after 24 h of exposure to 0.2 μM C16 in all three cell lines. However, the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cell line recovered extremely well after 48 h when compared to the tumorigenic cell lines. This indicates that C16 acts as an antiproliferative agent, possesses antimitotic activity and induces apoptosis in vitro. These features warrant further investigation.
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