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PL
In the paper the pros and cons of expressing an author’s personality in academic style have been analyzed. The idea that extremely depersonalized academic texts incur considerable stylistic losses has been defended. The necessity of presenting a well-balanced expression of an author’s personality has been proved.
EN
The article discusses the issue of collaborative writing during classes of academic writing for advanced students of English as a foreign language. It describes a research project in which the influence of collaborative planning on the quality of written discourse was analysed. The research found that essays based on the plan constructed by students in pairs were better in terms of organisation, linguistic variety, content and accuracy than essays written by these participants individually. Moreover, the questionnaires written by the participants revealed their positive attitude to collaborative essay planning.
EN
The article presents the organisation of a scientific text in terms of the structuralsemantic types of sentences (sentence models) used in it, based on the system of sentence models developed for this type of text. This system consists of four models:syntactic patterns with prototypical meaning assigned to them, each of which includes base sentences and transformed sentences. The analysis is preceded by a description of the transformations leading to changes in the model qualification of the sentence,underlying which are primarily the processes of semantic and syntactic derivations.After counting the base and transformed sentences – representatives of separate models occurring in the texts – the organisation of the scientific text appears as a hierarchical structure, organised around the sentences of the relational model. The next mostfrequent models in terms of frequency are the activity model, the existence model, and the characterisation model. The analysis carried out contributes to a better understanding of the syntactic layer of the text as a determinant of scientific style, thusfilling the gap in knowledge of this element of stylistic characteristics of scientific texts in the humanities.
EN
Jan Mukařovský (1891-1975) is a character who does not need to be introduced to Polish humanists. Recognized as a leading representative of structuralism, the so-called Prague School has its place in the history of literary theory, as well as the entire school of thought. Most of Mukařovsky’s texts, as well as those by others from Prague, which we know today as articles in magazines or books, were given at the meetings of the Prague Linguistic Circle as lectures. The presence of Czech structuralism, including the work of Jan Mukařovský, is not a closed issue in Poland. In the article, we will trace the Polish presence of his texts from the 1940s to the latest translations by Aneta Daszuta, which also contain critical studies and those are Zamierzone i niezamierzone w sztuce (Warsaw 2014) and Studia semiologiczne (Warsaw 2017).
CS
Jan Mukařovský (1891-1975) je postava, kterou není třeba polským humanitním vědcům představovat. Uznávaný za předního představitele strukturalismu tzv. pražské školy má své místo v pracích o dějinách literární teorie, stejně jako celý směr. Většina Mukařovského textů, i jiných Pražanů, které dnes známe jako články v časopisech nebo knižní publikace, byla jako referáty přednesena na shromážděních Pražského lingvistického kroužku. Přítomnost českého strukturalismu, včetně prací Jana Mukařovského, v Polsku nepředstavuje uzavřenou otázku. V článku budeme sledovat polskou přítomnost jeho textů od 40. let 20. století po poslední překlady Anety Daszuty, které jsou vlastně kritickou edicí, jde o Zamierzone i niezamierzone w sztuce (Warszawa 2014) a Studia semiologiczne (Warszawa 2017).
PL
The subject of the analysis is the presence of Jan Mukarovsky’s texts in the field of Polish literary theory and aesthetics. The achievements of Czech structuralism, of which he was an outstanding representative, seem to be indisputable, since to this day they are a more or less conscious element of modern knowledge about literature. The Czech structuralism heritage still amazes and intrigues with its scale, and it undoubtedly continues to be a grateful object of research by Polish theoreticians and translators.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono relacyjny model zdaniowy w systemie innych modeli, zakreślono pole modelu w oparciu o różnorodną semantykę tworzących go czasowników relacyjnych, semantyczne role i taksonomiczne klasy argumentów. Opisano procesy derywacji semantycznej, w których wyniku pole modelu relacyjnego poszerza się kosztem predykatów pierwotnie czynnościowych. Nowa semantyka wielokrotnie skutkuje kształtowaniem się nowych paradygmatów gramatycznych. Istnienie czasowników z tzw. wahającą się semantyką daje możliwość nadawcy tekstu naukowego ujmować czynności intelektualne zarówno agentywnie, jak i impersonalnie.
XX
In the article the author describes the relational sentence model against a background of other sentence models, presents the semantic field of the model on the basis of different semantic groups of verbs, semantic roles and taxonomic classes of the actants. Processes of semantic derivation were described which result in the expansion of the relational model’s field due to agentive predicates of action. New semantics often results in the development of new grammatical paradigms. Due to predicates with unstable semantics, authors of academic texts can choose between agentivity or impersonality while describing the intellectual activities.
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