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Starving Srebrenica and the Recipes for Survival in the Bosnian War (1992–1995)

100%

Slavková M.

2019

tom 106

nr 3

297-316

This article discusses the topic of food scarcity, hunger, and survival strategies in the context of the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. I open up the question of the role of food in the armed conflict using prevailingly the example of Srebrenica (and partially Sarajevo) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where I have undertaken long-term ethnographic fieldwork between 2013–2018. I argue that the people concentrated in the UN ‘Safe Area’ of Srebrenica were intentionally subjected to mass starvation prior to the genocide. One of the most commonly adopted strategies against the food insecurity was food self-provisioning. In particular, I focus on the everyday strategies that emerged during the armed conflict with a focus on humanitarian aid and the consumption of wild and semi-wild plants. I am trying to show that the bio-cultural knowledge of food and food self-sufficiency play an important role in increasing the individual survival chance in times of overall material scarcity and starvation.

Konflikty religijne jako podłoże zamiaru ludobójczego na przykładzie konfliktu bośniackiego

100%

Spychalska A.

nr 3

25 - 34

The article presents the issue of religious conflicts as acause of genocide intent. The author based hers considerations on an analysis of the war in Bosnia (1992–1995). Though it was not a religious war, religion was an important instrument in this conflict. First, it became the primary factor in defining ethnic groups — enemies and allies. Second, religious symbols and religious rhetoric were used to foster nationalist ideology, gain public support for bloody war and provide justification for aggression and mass atrocities. In this way, religious differences used for achieving political goals became the reason for one of the most shocking genocides — the Srebrenica massacre.

Cooking with Nothing: War Cuisine in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995

86%

Slavková M.

nr 3

225 - 235

This article elaborates on the topic of food in the context of an armed conflict. It asks what happens to the social actor and his/hers „everyday bread“ in the conditions of extreme hunger and overall material scarcity? Using the example of eating practices during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s the author explores the issue of everyday subsistence strategies during the radical structural changes. She developes a thesis, that the ability of improvisation and the knowledge of the natural environment in the time of crises, significantly increases a chance of survival. Moreover, She also argues that in some situations food can be used as a tool of power and a marker of social exclusion. In extreme cases, targeted groups and individuals can be intentionally starved out. These research conclusions are based on author‘s longterm ethnographic and historical research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the town of Srebrenica and Sarajevo.

Les lieux de mémoire victimaire en Europe : une culture commune et concurrente

81%

El Kenz D.

nr Zvláštní číslo – Le monde de la littérature

160-176

Since the 1990s, memorials and museums devoted to the victims of the massacres perpetrated in the twentieth century have multiplied in Europe, then in the world. This social, political and cultural fact is new. It reveals a radical change in historical representation where for centuries, only the victorious hero was celebrated in official history. In this context, specific memory sites, called “victim memory places”, have emerged. The Second World War is the turning point in this history of memory. The memory of the Holocaust is the model. But other memories, often competing, have also developed recently.This study proposes to record this break in the long duration of the history. Where does this memory come from, which is attached to the victims rather than to the victors? What are the main stages of its emergence? Today, does the memory of the victim gather or oppose the Europeans? As a first step, we will try to understand why the memorials in tribute to the victims did not appear rather, despite a living tradition of victimhood. In a second step, we will analyze the causes that explain the advent of places of memory victim in Europe: the rupture of the world wars, the Shoah and the fall of the Berlin Wall. We will examine how this memory can be an issue at once symbolic and political. Lastly, through the example of the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial, we will see how this tradition has been interpreted in the light of the Muslim religion.