Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Mocarstwo globalne – Stany Zjednoczone po II wojnie światowej

100%

Kiwerska J.

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nr 2(355)

97-113

EN

The United States took upon themselves the effort to shape the postwar international order already during the Second World War. Therefore the end of the war made a demand on the American politics to meet new challenges on the international arena. The enormous potential of the USA in 1945 and a new geopolitical situation, the threat posed by the Soviet Union included, compelled America to assume the role of a global power with all its consequences. Only the United States could cope with the new responsibilities in international relations. It meant for America a departure from its traditional principle of isolationism and involvement in world affairs on an unprecedented scale. In this way America became for the n ext decades a major if not the main creator and factor of international order.

2

Recenzja: Die Lungenheilkunde im Nationalsozialismus, Hrsg. Robert Loddenkemper, Nikolaus Konietzko, Vera Seehausen, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Berlin 2018, ss. 307, il., ISBN 978-3-9817734-3-9

100%

Magowska A.

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tom 8

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nr 1

96-98

PL

Recenzja

EN

Review

3

Koncepcje geopolityczne obozu narodowego w latach II wojny światowej

100%

Grott B.

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nr 11

173-191

PL

The Second World War and the anticipated victory over the Third Reich, together with the significant weakening of the USSR, became in Poland the reason for developing various new geopolitical concepts and plans for reshaping Poland’s previous borders. The menace of a new aggression from both of Poland’s powerful neighbours in the process to rebuild their previous positions of power brought forward the idea of a federation of middle-Eastern Europe countries (the so-called „Intermarium”) and a future creation of a sufficient barrier against possible aggressors. In Poland these issues were broadly discussed by the nationalistic fractions such as the National Party, the Confederation of the Nation, the Szaniec Group and the „Fatherland” Organisation. The latter two were especially productive in this area. There was a general agreement in the nationalist movement regarding the necessity to move Poland’s borders to the lower Oder and the Lusatian Neisse. Some concepts reached even further, planning the creation of a Lusatian Coutry or indeed the reslavisation of Mecklenburg. Especially active in this regard was Professor Karol Stojanowski, the leader of the People’s National Military Organisation and the author of brochures propagating ideas such as „The West Slavic Country” and „The Reslavisation of Eastern Germany”. A very interesting concept of the „Great Nation” was presented by an endecian ideologist Adam Doboszyński in a brochure of the same title, in which Doboszyński propagated not only the federation of the „Intermarium” countries, but also predicted a gradual merging of these nations into a single „Great Nation” and even the eventual development of a common language.

4

Skiing, Mountaineering and Mountain Tourism Practiced by the Soldiers of the Polish 2nd Rifle Division during the Internment in Switzerland between 1940–1945

100%

Rak L.

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2016

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tom 15

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nr 4

121-131

PL

Celem pracy było opisanie aktywności fizycznej żołnierzy 2 Dywizji Strzelców Pieszych w zakresie uprawiania narciarstwa, alpinizmu i turystyki górskiej podczas ich internowania w Szwajcarii w latach 1940–1945. Dokonano analizy następujących materiałów źródłowych: źródeł archiwalnych, wydawanego przez internowanych żołnierzy pisma „Goniec Obozowy”, wspomnień internowanych żołnierzy oraz literatury. Druga Dywizja Strzelców Pieszych była formowana we Francji od listopada 1939 r. W czerwcu 1940 r. została skierowana, w składzie 45 Korpusu 8 Armii Francuskiej, do walki z armią niemiecką. Po ciężkich walkach w okolicach miasta Belfort i po wyczerpaniu amunicji, większość żołnierzy dywizji przekroczyła granicę szwajcarską i została internowana. W czasie internowania żołnierze polscy byli zatrudniani do wielu rodzajów prac. Mieli również możliwość kontynuowania nauki, rozpoczętej przed wybuchem II wojny światowej, w wyznaczonych obozach internowana. W czasie wolnym żołnierze podejmowali różne rodzaje aktywności fizycznej. Popularne było uprawianie narciarstwa oraz tenisa stołowego. Uprawiano również turystykę górską oraz alpinizm, osiągając w tym zakresie znaczne sukcesy. Polscy żołnierze-sportowcy uzyskali znaczącą pomoc od Young Mens Christian Association, dzięki której pozyskiwano sprzęt sportowy. Pomimo trudnych warunków, w jakich przebywali internowani polscy żołnierze w Szwajcarii w latach 1940–1945, w czasie wolnym czynnie uprawiali oni narciarstwo, alpinizm i turystykę górską.

EN

The aim of the study was to describe physical activity of Polish soldiers in the field of skiing, mountaineering and mountain tourism during their internment in Switzerland between 1940–1945. Method of research. The following source materials were analysed: archival sources, the papers of the “Goniec Obozowy” [“The Camp Messenger”] published by the interned soldiers, relations of the interned soldiers and literature. Results. The Polish 2nd Rifle Division was formed in France from November 1939 until May 1940. In June 1940, the division, as a part of the 45th Corps of the 8th French Army, was sent into battle against the German Army near the Belfort district. After running out of ammunition in the exhausting battle, most of the soldiers of the division managed to break through to Switzerland, where they were interned. During the internment the soldiers were engaged to do many different kinds of work. In designated internment camps, they were allowed to continue their education which they began before the outbreak of the Second World War. In their free time, soldier took up different kinds of physical activity. The most popular were skiing and table tennis. Mountain tourism and mountaineering were common as well and Polish soldiers were quite successful in that field. Polish soldiers gained significant support from the Young Men's Christian Association, which provided them with sports equipment. Conclusion. Despite difficult living condition, Polish soldiers interned in Switzerland in the years 1940–1945, they went in for skiing, mountaineering and mountain touring.

5

Zbiory Pruskiej Biblioteki Państwowej w Krakowie

100%

Rutowska M.

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2012

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nr 3(344)

123-139

EN

The article presents the vicissitudes of a part of the collections of the Prussian State Library in Berlin, housed in the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow since 1947. “Berlinka”, as the collection is commonly called, remains in Cracow as no solution of the problem of Polish cultural goods robbed and destroyed by the Third Reich during the Second World War has yet been arrived at in a form that would satisfy both parties. According to W. Kalicki, the author of publications on “Berlinka”, the “Cracow treasure” is the last prisoner of the great war.

6

Imperium Słowiańskie. Konfederacki projekt powojennej jedności Europy Środkowej

100%

Grott O.

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nr 11

205-217

EN

The Confederation of the Nation, the ideological continuation of the National Radical Camp Falanga during the Second World War, created a concept for the post-war order in Central Europe which would be guaranteed by a new geo-political construct – the Slavic Empire – with borders defined by the three seas: the Baltic, the Black and the Adriatic. Poland, with its Western borders significantly expanded compared to the pre-war period and in union with Lithuania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, would take the lead of the proposed block. Despite the name of the proposed supernation, the Baltic countries as well as Romania and Hungary were welcome to participate in shaping the new future. The Confederates did not see any other option for either Poland or any other countries of the Intermarium. The leader of the Confederation of the Nation Bolesław Piasecki wrote: „No other choice remains, as either we, as the culturally paramount nation among the Slavs, take up and implement the idea of designing the geo-political Slavic bloc, or the Poles and all Slavs fall into a civilizational abyss, becoming slaves to foreign forces and their own unawareness. (…) If our iron will is lacking, it is easy to imagine Europe without Poland and the rest of Slavs as actors of history”.

7

Interpretation in the Supreme National Tribunal in Poland (1946‑1948)

100%

Tryuk M.

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tom 24

en

EN

This article presents the work of interpreters in the trials before the National Supreme Tribunal established in Poland in 1946 to judge Nazi criminals after the Second World War. Based on archival sources of the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, it presents for the first time the identities of the interpreters recruited for this unique tribunal in the history of the Polish judicial system as well as for the practice of conference and court interpreting in Poland. It examines the interpreting practices during seven multilingual and multicultural trials, where simultaneous interpreting was applied for the first time, and discusses the issues of trust and control over the interpreters involved in war crimes tribunals.

8

Die Genauigkeit des Erinnerns: Die Reise nach Pommern von Christian Graf von Krockow

100%

Pastuszka A.

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2009

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nr 33

64-77

EN

The article deals with various forms and strategies of remembering the past. Krockow’s book, which is an important voice in German discourse on remembering the lost motherland, belongs to the current of non-fiction and the literature of memory. The author deliberately mixes styles and genres: a loose tale about the olden days, a historical essay, family history, personal recollections and an account of a journey. The description of Pomerania as a littleknown province of the former German East, presented from the historical and sociological perspective, is far from nostalgic as it offers a critical look at the most recent history of Germany. The reconstruction of the history of the region as well as the mentality of its inhabitants constitutes the author’s personal method of coming to terms with the German ideology which led to the Second World War, expulsion and the loss of the motherland.

9

Olimpijczycy w służbie niepodległości

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Lawer D.

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2019

159-169

EN

The aim of this study is to present the fate of Polish Olympians representing their coun try during the Olympic Games as well as their huge contribution and ezorts for the res-- toration of Polish independence. First of all, the article discusses the direct participation of the future squad members in a struggle for boundaries of a second Polish republic in years 1914–1921 as well as their contribution in a movement against German invaders in years 1939–1945. The goal of this paper is also to present the fates of some pre-war sport ambassadors aer Poland’s regaining independence with the help of Soviets. Described here is the Soviet attitude towards the athletes involved in Polish Underground Movement who were recognized by the communistic government as potentially dangerous. The fate of this small group of Olympians is similar to the fate of millions of Poles during the wartime. It was a common feature for almost all of them to be a part of Polish-German War in 1939, the Warsaw Uprising; they were sent to concentration or war camps, and took part in liberating the country in the last phase of the war. During the war many of them shown bravery and sacrice for which they were awarded combat distinctions. The memory of Polish heroes and their contribution for the country is still rooted in the nation. ey gave happiness for the citizens on sport arenas but at the same time, when the freedom was threatened, they fullled their civil duty.

10

Recenzja: Tuberculosis and War. Lessons Learned from World War II, eds. John F. Murray, Rober Loddenkemper, Progress in Respiratory Research Vol. 43, Series Editor Felix J. F. Herth. KARGER Basel 2018, ss. 232, il., ISSN 1422-2140, eISSN 1662-3932, ISBN 978-3-318-06094—2, e-ISSN 978-3-318-06095-9

100%

Magowska A.

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tom 8

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nr 1

99-100

PL

Recenzja

EN

Review

11

Byli polscy robotnicy przymusowi w dzisiejszym krajobrazie pamięci. Prawie zapomnieni

100%

Woniak K.

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2017

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nr 1(362)

43-55

EN

The article is an attempt to investigate the scale, form and scope of memory about forced laborers in the Polish symbolic landscape. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of monuments and plaques dedicated to former forced laborers. In the period of the Polish People’s Republic workers were a group of Second World War victims which was too common be given a special place in the collective memory of Poles. Only the creation of the Association of Poles – Victims of the Third Reich at the end of the 1980s opened the space for a symbolic commemoration of the deportation of Poles to forced labor in Germany. An opportunity to incorporate forced labor into the memory of the Second World War came with the debate on reparations from the German government at the beginning of the 21st century. In today’s Poland there are not many places dedicated to those nearly 3 million people who make up this specific group of victims of the German occupation of Poland. Numerous such places were established in the last few years, mainly as part of grassroots initiatives aimed at discovering the local history of a particular area. However, forced labor is still insufficiently present in the Polish memory of the Second World War.

12

“Uma história difícil de ser contada”: A experiência do deslocamento forçado e os dilemas da memória e do esquecimento

88%

Boschilia R. T.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2021

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nr 27

7-29

ES

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre os dilemas da memória e esquecimento presentes em relatos de sujeitos históricos que vivenciaram a experiência do deslocamento forçado. Para tanto, recorremos às narrativas de uma imigrante de origem polonesa, cuja trajetória pessoal foi marcada, de modo irreversível, pela experiência do recrutamento compulsório, no contexto da Segunda Guerra mundial. O registro de sua história de vida resultou de uma longa entrevista realizada a partir da metodologia da história oral, na qual ela fornece importantes elementos para refletir sobre a potencialidade das narrativas autobiográficas no exercício de reconstrução do passado, cujas imagens e representações emergem, sempre mediados pela relação interativa e inseparável com o tempo presente, no movimento dialético entre a história e a memória, a lembrança e o esquecimento, o silêncio e a narratividade, o dito e o sentido.

EN

This text aims to reflect on the dilemmas of memory and forgetfulness present in reports by historical subjects who experienced the experience of forced displacement. For that, we resort to the narratives of an immigrant of Polish origin, whose personal trajectory was irreversibly marked by the experience of compulsory recruitment, in the context of the Second World War.The recording of her life story resulted from a long interview conducted from the methodology of oral history, in which she provides important elements to reflect on the potential of autobiographical narratives in the exercise of reconstructing the past, whose images and representations emerge, always mediated for the interactive and inseparable relationship with the present time, in the dialectical movement between history and memory, remembrance and forgetfulness, silence and narrativity, saying and meaning.

13

[Esej] II wojna światowa w pamięci Polaków

88%

Suleja W.

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nr 2

51-58

14

Dekret Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej o odpowiedzialności karnej za zbrodnie wojenne z dnia 30 marca 1943 roku

88%

Uczkiewicz D.

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nr 2

79-123

EN

On 30 March 1943 the Decree of the President of the Polish Republic on Criminal Liability for War Crimes, the first normative act setting down the legal basis for persecution of war criminals issued by one of the Allies during the Second World War, was proclaimed. The promulgation of the decree can be considered as the turning point in the Polish government-in-exile’s policy towards the problem of the prosecution and punishment of Nazi criminals, which started in autumn 1939. After the announcement of the draft decree, developed by the Polish minister of justice, professor of state law, Wacław Komarnicki and by an international lawyer, professor of criminal law, Stefan Glaser in the spring of 1942, a fierce discussion on the legal act’s concept broke out in the Polish government and lasted until November 1942. Although all Polish politicians agreed on the need to define the principles of individual criminal liability for war crimes, the proposal to promulgate criminal legislation with retroactive effect aroused much controversy. However, as the course of these debates shows, the critical point was not the mere fact of violating the lex retro non agit principle. The scepticism of some Polish politicians towards this idea resulted from purely pragmatic reasons and was caused by lack of support from the American and British governments for the proposal to define legal frames for the future trials of war criminals (this attitude changed only in spring 1945). This article presents the genesis and provisions of the Decree of the President of the Polish Republic on Criminal Liability for War Crimes of 30 March 1943 in the context of international debates on international criminal law and individual liability for war crimes. It argues that the legislative works on the decree and its proclamation in March 1943 mark an important point in the process of shaping the concept of prosecution and punishment of war criminals during the Second World War.

15

Počátky spolupráce Československa a Polska při repatriaci svých občanů po druhé světové válce (do uzavření repatriační smlouvy)

88%

Friedl J.

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tom 99

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nr 3-4

297-321

EN

The subject of cooperation between Czechoslovakia and Poland in the repatriation of their citizens had heretofore remained marginal to the interest of historians. Yet at the same time there exist a great number of archival sources relating to this topic. In this study the author mainly made use of documents from the national Archives in Prague and the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, but the Polish archives are no less richly endowed. In the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw it is possible to study materials from the State Office of Repatriation, and reports from the Polish diplomatic representation are available at the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. On the basis of these sources, and with reference to findings from relevant scholarly literature that has been previously published, the author endeavors to present to readers the first months of Czechoslovak-Polish cooperation in the repatriation process and to analyze in detail the problems that both states had to cope with in organizing this migration. His narrative ends with the signing of the repatriation treaty between Czechoslovakia and Poland in September, 1945, which commences the next phase in cooperation on population transfers between both states.

16

Bandenbekämpfung: nacistické potírání nepřátel v týlu východní fronty

88%

Kordová V.

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2021

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tom 107

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nr 2

341-371

EN

The Soviet-led partisan war against the Germans behind the Eastern Front has been the subject of many controversies and inconsistencies in historiography, especially in assessments of consequences of the partisans’ activities. Very often, authors arrive at conclusions that partisan attacks were the main cause of German repressive forces’ harsh interventions against civilians. However, research focusing on analysis of the German repressive apparatus (police and paramilitary forces and the Wehrmacht itself ) very clearly illustrates that partisans can hardly be singled out as an isolated subject of research in the overall context of the Nazi offensive against enemies behind the front. The present study aims to analyze the crimes committed by Nazi repressive forces under the central term Bandenbekämpfung, which is usually understood as a synonym for the Nazis’ efforts at stamping out the partisans. The study interprets this term consistently on the basis of its physical forms, and it introduces it as an ideologically burdened concept, directly related to the concept of a war of annihilation (Vernichtungskrieg) waged by Nazi Germany in the USSR.

17

Between the Politics of History and Practice: Ukrainian Struggles with the Past. The Example of the Permanent Exhibition of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War

88%

Gontarska O.

Institute of National Remembrance Review

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2019

|

tom 1

265-280

EN

In 2015, as a result of implementing the Ukrainian decommunisation laws, the official name of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War was changed to the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War. The current exhibition at the museum depicts internalisation of Soviet myths in Ukraine as well as the problem of no explicit guidelines from state authorities regarding an official narrative. Also, developing a new concept of a museum dedicated to the history of Ukraine in the Second World War has been impeded by the ongoing war in the eastern part of the country. This paper discusses mutual relations and mismatches between Ukraine’s politics of history and museum practices. The change of the latter is much more languid and complex than in the case of merely changing street names or dismantling old monuments and erecting new ones.

18

AUSTRIACKO-ROSYJSKIE DIALOGI PAMIĘCI WSPÓŁCZESNE KONTEKSTY NARRACJI HISTORYCZNYCH O DZIAŁANIACH ARMII CZERWONEJ W AUSTRII

88%

Żakowska M.

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nr 1 (382)

163-184

EN

The aim of the article is to define the specificity and current contexts of contemporary narratives regarding the actions of the Red Army in Austria at the end and after the Second World War in opinion-forming Austrian and Russian magazines representing various political options. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the analyzed narrative threads relate to or reflect the dominant paradigms in contemporary memory policies in Austria and Russia. The author also assumed that their frequency and content were significantly influenced not only by the anniversary events related to 1945, but also by current international politics. The article uses the method of critical discourse analysis of press texts published in 2005-2020, which were selected using the quantitative method of keyword research. The main conclusion of the study is the confirmation of the initial hypotheses and the conclusion that the Austro-Russian memory dialogue takes place primarily between the right-wing circles in both countries.

19

Wielka Wojna Ojczyźniana – bilans wykluczenia

88%

Wojtkowiak J.

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nr 2(355)

207-216

EN

The article deals with the problem of exclusion and repression of whole social groups by the Stalinist regime during the so called Great Patriotic War. It purports to show that Stalin and his milieu tried to consolidate a majority of the society by means of excluding and subjecting to repressions arbitrarily chosen social groups, seeking in this way to reduce the threat posed by instant successes of the German army in the war against the USSR. The first such group comprised Red Army soldiers who surrendered to the Germans and were prisoners of war – they were declared traitors and so their families were to suffer repressions. Another group consisted of the national minorities residing in the Soviet Union - in 1941 those were Germans and later during the liberation of the country from German occupation it meant whole nations whose representatives collaborated with the German occupants. The author argues that contrary to the claims of the Russian propaganda, victory in the war was not treated by Stalin as the victory of all the Soviet Union citizens.

20

The help, care and lifesaving in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). An outline

88%

Theiss W.

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tom 33(1)

27-42

EN

The article is an attempt to outline the issue of help, care and lifesaving of the children in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). This attempt focuses on the following areas: individual trauma, population losses, the situation of danger, social solidarity, and actions of helping children. The article describes the main areas of war dangers and crimes committed against the children, and also the range and forms of helping children (institutional and individual). Apart from informative and ordering aims, the text signals the need of pedagogical-historical research on the history of childhood, seen from the perspective of the Second World War and occupation in the years 1939–1945.