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EN
The course of 20-year studies on the health of the population of Plock and its neighbourhood has been discussed as regards environmental pollution generated by refinery-petrochemical plant. Analysis of environmental factors and general principles of health-promoting phenomena were of particular concern. This paper demonstrates an increase in options of environmental factors in studies on health in ecologically polluted areas.
EN
During the years 1984-1990, red beet, carrot and parsley were cultivated in four selected allotment gardens situated near the Płock Petrochemical Works (central Poland). Leaves and roots were harvested, dried and analysed for nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and two forms of sulphur (total and sulphate). The accumulation of the heavy metals (except copper) was much higher in vegetable leaves than in the roots. This was especially true for manganese, iron, lead and chromium. Only two metals, cobalt and copper, were gathered in normal concentrations in all samples. Iron, chromium and cadmium were accumulated in above-normal amounts in all analysed vegetable organs. Overall, the contents of iron, chromium, zinc and nickel found in the examined vegetables were harmful for them. Total sulphur and sulphate sulphur showed highest levels in carrot leaves. In this organ both forms of sulphur occurred in amounts which were harmful to the plants. In general, the quality of examined vegetables, considering the accumulation of heavy metals and sulphur, was low because of very high levels of iron and chromium.
EN
In the hydrological cycle of river valley a vertical water fluxes are controlled by climate (precipitation and evapotranspiration). In the Vistula river valley near Plock periods of water recharge, surplus and deficit in the valley landscape units has been determined using Thornthwaite water balance method. A good tracer of that process is Cl and NO3 concentration in the ground water. Concentration of these elements in ground water varies depending on the landscape unit, under the dune fields is lowest due to a good recharge ratio. In all units lowest concentration of NO3 in the ground water are observed in a spring time due to a dilution effect in the period of water surplus in the fluvial system. In the chemistry of small creek Nida representing lateral river runoff reaching main valley a similar to ground water chemistry pattern has been observed. A lowest concentration of Cl (30-40 mg dm-3) and PO4 (0.25-1 mg dm-3) occur in spring time due to a dilution effect. Highest concentrations of Cl (50-70 mg dm-3) occur in late summer and fall. Spring time with a high runoff produces the highest loads of nutrients. Wetland on the floor of the Vistula river valley located in the lower reach of Nida catchment acts as a natural trap of the nutrients. It lowers concentration of PO4 during low flows by 55% and NO3 by 35 % Efficiency of reduction depends on the river discharge.
EN
The research on soil and consumption yield quality at the impact zone of the petrochemical plant in Płock (ZRiP), conducted in the 1970s and 80s, proved that the emissions from the plant threatened the agricultural production within the area. As the emission levels from the ZRiP have signifi cantly dropped in recent years, analyses were conducted in order to assess the current content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils as well as in wheat grain and potato tuber cultivated within the area. The results showed that the soils were not contaminated with above mentioned heavy metals, but the level of cadmium was exceeded in potato tubers collected from three research points and in wheat grain collected from one point.
PL
Prowadzone w latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych badania jakości gleb i plonu konsumpcyjnego w strefie oddziaływania płockiej petrochemii wskazywały, że emisje z tego zakładu stanowią zagrożenie dla możliwości prowadzenia na tym terenie działalności rolniczej. Ponieważ wielkość emisji z ZRiP w ostatnich latach istotnie zmniejszyła się przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę poziomu zawartości Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb i Zn w glebach położonych w sąsiedztwie tego zakładu oraz w ziarnie pszenicy i bulwach ziemniaków tam uprawnianych. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że gleby tego rejonu nie są zanieczyszczone badanymi metalami ciężkimi i może na nich być prowadzony każdy rodzaj produkcji ogrodniczej i rolniczej. W przypadku zawartości analizowanych pierwiastków metalicznych w plonie konsumpcyjnym stwierdzono nadmierną ilość cynku w bulwach ziemniaków (we wszystkich próbach) i ziarnie pszenicy (w jednej próbce).
PL
Porównano jakość sposobu żywienia mieszkańców Płocka w latach 1986/87 i 1998/99, posługując się metodą oceny częstości spożycia produktów spożywczych. Badanie przeprowadzono dwukrotnie u tych samych osób. Stwierdzono korzystne zmiany w żywieniu wyrażające się znacznym wzrostem częstości spożycia warzyw i owoców, zwłaszcza w postaci surowej, ponadto produktów zbożowych z pełnego ziarna, w mniejszym stopniu produktów mlecznych. Obserwowano częstsze spożycie tłuszczów roślinnych w postaci margaryn, natomiast rzadsze - masła.
EN
The qualitative assessment of nutrition of Płock citizens examined in 1986/87 (910 females and 693 males) and in 1998/99 year (566 females and 459 males) is presented. The results indicate an improvement of nutrition during 12-year period. Frequency intake of raw fruit and vegetebles, whole grain products and dairy products has been increased. An increase of margarine consumption and decrease of butter consumption has been observed.
EN
In the years 1984-1990 soil and ground water quality was defined in selected allotment gardens of Płock (central Poland) and in a household garden situated in a village about 25 km from the town. In soil, analysis covered the level of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn), and total sulphate sulphur and total nitrogen, and in ground water the metals mentioned above, as well as sulphate sulphur and nitrate nitrogen. These pollutants were accumulated in soil in mostly permissible amounts except for zinc and sulphate sulphur, which occurred in excessive amounts in all gardens. The soil pollution level in analyzed gardens did not decrease proportionally to the increasing distance from the Petrochemical Works. In all gardens an excessive accumulation of sulphate sulphur, iron, lead, cadmium, manganese and copper in ground water was noted, while chromium, nickel and cobalt appeared in nondetectable amounts. The pollution of ground water had some tendency to decrease with increasing distance from the works; however, this evidently applied only to iron.
PL
Badania prowadzone były w latach 1996–1997 na 20 trawnikach przyulicznych w Warszawie i 21 w Płocku. Ich celem była analiza i porównanie składu florystycznego trawników w oby miastach. Ruń trawników w Warszawie tworzyły średnio 103 gatunki, zaś w Płocku 80 gatunków. Ocena stopnia zadarnienia trawników była podobna w obu miastach i wynosiła około 92%. Średni udział w pokryciu runi dla traw wynosił 23,5% w Warszawie i 23,2% w Płocku, dla roślin motylkowatych odpowiednio 17,5% i 22,5%. Na trawnikach w obu miastach największy udział miały: koniczyna biała (Trifolium repens), życica trwała (Lolium perenne), koniczyna łąkowa (Trifolium pratense), lucerna nerkowata (Medicago lupulina), kostrzewa czerwona (Festuca rubra), perz pospolity (Agropyron repens). Trwałe formy życiowe — hemikryptofity stanowiły średnio 68% traw w pokryciu runi, podczas gdy wśród roślin motylkowatych — 83%. Ruń trawników przyulicznych w obu miastach zdominowały gatunki z klasy antropogenicznych zbiorowisk łąkowych i pastwi­skowych (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea).
EN
The research was conducted in 1996–1997 on 20 street lawns in Warsaw and 21 street lawns in Płock. The objective of research was to analyse and to compare the floristic composition of lawns in the both cities. On an average, 103 species were found in Warsaw and 80 in Płock on the examined surfaces. The sodding extent evaluation was similar for Warsaw and Płock, and it amounted ca. 92%. The level of grasses partition in the turf cover amounted to 23,5% in Warsaw and 23,2% in Płock. For leguminous plants, the share in Warsaw’s lawn turf amounted to 17,5%, in Płock 22,5%. The turf of lawns in the both cities was made mainly by local species — apophytes. Among grasses, in the both cities they stated average 87%, in the leguminuos group — 92%. The most frequent leguminous and grass species of lawns sward were: white clover Trifolium repens, perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne, red clover Trifolium pratense, black medic Medicago lupulina, red fescue Festuca rubra, couch-grass Agropyron repens. Perennial forms — hemicryptophytes composed 68% of the turf cover among grasses, while among leguminuos plants — 83%. The turf of street lawns was formed mainly by taxons from anthropogenic meadow and pasture systems (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) in the both aglomerations.
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