Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Excavation as Theatre

100%

Tilley C.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2004

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tom 52

5-13

EN

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and conceptual justification for large-scale rescue excavations. The article begins by challenging a predominant view, in which excavations are regarded as a process of rescuing the traces of the past in order to inhibit their potential destruction. But, it is argued, prevailing practices in archaeology leads to a pathological situation in which the technical instrumentation and the production of descriptive observational statements tends to become the principal goals of the discipline. The author points out that instead of emphasizing the development of conceptual structures which might help us understand how to interpret the past, we tend to accumulate more and more information with which in reality very little is done. This leads to the view that any further excavations remain largely unjustified. However, if excavations are conceived as experiments in interpretative activity, then they may play a central role in the development of a more reflexive and mature archaeological practice. To understand the discourses produced by archaeologists, relationships between the excavation and the site report and between excavations, the archaeological community and the public are explored. Indeed, contrary to the standard informational report, based on the myth of pure objectivity, an analogy to the dramatic performance is suggested. In this approach, the site report is considered as an effect of never ending interpretative activity, displayed in the theatre of excavation. The report is a result of a process of selection, recording, organization, inclusion and exclusion which takes place from the perspectives of different individuals and groups, and the discussions and relationships developed on the site. We might envision a site report which reflects back on excavation and critically interrogates all uncertainties. A reflection on some of these ambiguities and contradictions can help us understand how we may write differently and begin to challenge certain superannuated dominant practices. Therefore large-scale complex excavations and their reports provide unique opportunities for experiments in self-discovery. The exceptional position of an archaeological 'database' creates special responsibilities to society. The currently emerging cult of professionalism drastically reduces the scope of social vision, leaving in archaeologists' hands the decision as to which vision of the past the public should be provided with. If we want to appreciate the past and thus value it, we have to actively involve the public in discussion and interpretation of the past. Here excavation has a unique role to play as a theatre where people may be able to produce their own pasts which are meaningful to them. This approach advocates a socially engaged rather than a scientifically detached practice of excavation.(The paper appeared earlier in English in 'ANTIQUITY' vol.63(1989), pp. 275-280)

2

Metodologiczne podłoże bioetyki

100%

Adamkiewicz M.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2012

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tom 13

5-20

EN

The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethicThe article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. s and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival.

3

ON THE PARADOXICAL BASES OF MODERN SPEECH METHODOLOGY

100%

Pazukhin R.

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2006

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tom 48

95-110

EN

The aim of the article is to comment on the foundations of modern speech methodology. Modern speech theory rests on the concession that speech utterances are chains of discrete phonological units (individual 'sounds', 'phonemes', 'phones' etc.). Trying to unveil the postulated 'segments' in the continuous speech signal, three main versions of the speech segmentalism were proposed, based on the concepts of the 'microscopic', 'hidden' and 'mental' segmentation respectively. Vain pursuits for more than a hundred years have, however, discovered no trace of the sought 'segments' in speech flow. The crucial question of our speech investigations now remains: to proceed, or not to proceed any further, with this fruitless quest for 'speech segmentation'? The application of the so-called 'existential test' (an abstract analytic method used to appreciate the adequacy of empiric hypotheses) to the speech segmentation concept reveals the supposed 'phonological segments' being nothing more than self-contradictory methodological fiction. These 'segments' can never be found in speech wave.

4

The National Census 2002. Advantages and Disadvantages

80%

Jarosz M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2004

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nr 1(172)

9-18

EN

We draw knowledge about the society from various sources. Primary data are the most important: their dependability is the condition of credibility of the future analyses and publications. Moreover, as in case of the Polish National Census, it becomes the basis for governmental and parliamentary economic and social programs. The text underlines the benefits of the last census, its credibility as well as merits of the information it provides. It proved particularly helpful in case of a dramatic correction of the existing data regarding the scope of unemployment in Poland. Among the census' shortcomings we can find: the lack of basic data concerning the class structure of the society, economic and social diversification, educational opportunities of the children of famers, workers and intelligentsia. These are the kind of information, which are also not found in the Central Statistical Office databank.

5

KIERKEGAARD’S RELATION TO HEGEL AND QUELLENFORSCHUNG: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

80%

Stewart J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2013

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tom 68

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nr 1

17 – 26

EN

This article attempts to demonstrate the advantages of using the methodology of Quellenforschung or source work research when approaching the corpus of Søren Kierkegaard. The field of Kierkegaard studies has been long dominated by a number of misconceptions concerning the Danish thinker’s relation to Hegel, which has almost invariably been portrayed as singularly negative and critical. This article applies source work research to three different passages from Kierkegaard’s primary texts, where his alleged polemic with Hegel is thought to be in evidence. However, when the actual sources of his criticisms are determined, an entirely different picture emerges and the role of Hegel fades into the background.

6

ČÍTANIE ODZADU: ČO NEMUSELO VYJSŤ, ALE VYŠLO

80%

Marcelli M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

415 – 424

EN

This paper is concerned with the contributions which the review section of Slovak Ethnology published during the period from the journal’s inception to the end of the 1980s. Attention is focused on those reviews which were unforced, i.e. which drew attention to publications whose importance was not determined by the officially sanctioned plans for scholarly activity. The paper shows how these reviews, by drawing attention to foreign publications and projects, contributed to extending the research field and differentiating methodological premises.

7

VOCABULARY LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN THIRD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. HOW STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LEARNING GERMAN ORGANIZE THEIR PROCESS OF VOCABULARY ACQUISITION (German title - below)

80%

Tobiasz L.

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2008

|

tom 29

141-152

EN

(Title in German - WORTSCHATZLERNTECHNIKEN IM TERTIÄRSPRACHERWERB. WIE DEUTSCH LERNENDE ANGLISTIKSTUDENTEN IHRE LEXIKALISCHEN ERWERBSPROZESSE ORGANISIEREN). This article presents the results of a study carried out at the English Department of the University of Silesia among students in their 4th and 5th year. They learned English (L2) and German (L3 for the majority of them) in a translation group. Some of the students have also learnt another foreign language or other foreign languages. The study focused on lexical techniques used by the learners for the acquisition of German vocabulary. It shows that the students find out a word's meaning, memorize and retrieve it with the help of various semantic techniques, such as contextualization, visualization, association, translation into Polish or English, repetition, structuring, connecting, differentiation, learning by doing and multimodal acquisition. The data confirm the hypothesis of the author that experienced language learners organize their learning process in a highly individual way and try to make it more efficient by using different learning strategies and techniques.

8

WHO ARE THE SIGNIFICANT OTHERS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS?

80%

Wysocka M.

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2007

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tom 28

267-279

EN

The article provides a brief insight into the position and influence of the so-called .significant others in the learning process. To be more specific, the paper aims at distinguishing an individual who helps the learner to learn a language, presenting the characteristics of the .important figure, and defining the roles the person plays in learners' lives. The research findings emphasize a valuable contribution and effort the important figures take in order to shape learners' emotional states and attitudes towards learning, the language itself, and the TLC.

9

ON THE FORMATION AND CONDUCT OF GARDEN HISTORY

80%

Hunt J. D.

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2009

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tom 34

5-11

EN

The author states that garden history has established two unavoidable trajectories. The first is the investigation of the design and formal evolution of individual sites; this involves land holdings, patronage, available design skills and above all a focus upon formal moves, usually drawn first on paper and then transferred onto the ground. Art and architectural historians found this approach congenial and even familiar. The second trajectory sought to elucidate why sites were created in those ways: what were the motives of patrons, the education and inclinations of designers (including their knowledge of earlier forms), all of which tended towards a focus upon the meaning that a designed site held for its original creators and owners. Philosophers, historians of science and literary critics were particularly drawn to this mode of history. Both those approaches privileged the design of original sites, but what they did not generally seek to understand was how subsequent generations saw or (perhaps) remodeled the original designs. Garden history has been growing and developing rapidly over the last 30 or 40 years. The range of the subject along with the sheer quantity of work now produced in the larger history of landscape has increased by leaps and bounds. One must acknowledge here the considerable contributions – in both number and intellectual thrust – that have emerged in Europe (France most prominently, but Italy also) from a whole range of landscape architects, philosophers, geographers, and cultural commentators and historians of all sorts. Recognition of the ineluctably multi-disciplinary nature of garden historical enquiry, and the contributions to the subject therefore from an increased number of specialists in other fields, make every new endeavour potentially more challenging.

10

STORY TELLING AS KEY TO LEARNING (Opowiesc o przebiegu zycia jako klucz do uczenia sie)

80%

Bron A. , Lönnheden C.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2009

|

tom 10

81-97

EN

Reflective, autonomous learning of mature students was the main focus of the research project undertaken by seven European partners (including Poland) over three years (Promotion Reflective and Independent Learning in Higher Education - PRILHE, Socrates Grundtvig project 113869-CP-1-2004-1-UK-GRUNDTVIG-G1. http://www.pcb.ub.es/crea/proyectos/prilhe/index.htm). The aim of this article is to discover what reflections about learning accompany students when they tell their stories. One particular Swedish case from the project is presented to serve this purpose. The way of conducting life history interview is regarded a crucial methodological tool that allows researchers to initiate processes of reflection and self-reflection. The case involves a male mature student who, while narrating his story, is puzzled by a sudden reflection and deepening self-reflection on his way of learning, and by the possible consequences of such learning for his personal, social and working life. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the biographical interview with the student. His discovery that learning is not only an individual and unique course, but a social process in its own right, triggers reflection and a spontaneous or even an illuminating reaction based on biographical learning. In the last part of the article, the concept of biographical learning is extended and linked to identity work as well as to the notion of the self and the others. G. H Mead's theory of the self is used with the support of empirical data. The intention is twofold: to challenge the predominant view in contemporary higher education discourse that learners are unique and individual persons who learn in a specific and distinct way without being affected by others; and to go beyond the view of collective versus individual learning, and advance the idea that learning is a profoundly social process from the very start.

11

FAMILY STUDIES METHOD IN BEHAVIOR GENETICS. REPLY TO EWA WITKOWSKA AND BARTOSZ WITKOWSKI

80%

Siwy H. A.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2007

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tom 16

101-108

EN

The aim of this article is to discuss family studies method with its restrictions and to reply to the article placed in one of the previous volumes of the Psychology - Ethology - Genetics. The authors focused on reservations about construction and estimation of models used in the authoress research based on the family studies method. In response to comments model assumptions were discussed, relationships between particular variables were explained and estimation methods with statistical tests for model's goodness of fit were presented.

12

ASSESSING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CHANGES OF COPYRIGHT WORKS. METHODOLOGICAL PREVIEW UNDER THE CZECH LAW (Posuzovani opravnenosti zmeny autorskeho dila. Metodicky nahled podle ceskeho prava)

80%

Telec I.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2010

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tom 93

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nr 4

303-311

EN

The article is devoted to the legal assessment of the legitimacy of changes in eligibility of the copyright works under the Czech law. The article is structured as a methodological guide. Part of the paper deals with the description of the changes of the work (f. i. the modification) which occurred or to occur in the future. Other questions are focused on the practical or legal reasons for the modification of the works. Finally, the issues are focused on the different factual and creative elements of the work that are affected by changing of the work and on the influence of the changes to the aesthetic value of the copyright work.

13

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RECENT EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON ACADEMIC MIGRATION

80%

Mucha J. , Łuczaj K.

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2014

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tom 40

|

nr 4(154)

5-24

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss the most important methodological issues related to the study of ‘academic migration’, which we have encountered while preparing a research project on foreign-born academics in Poland. These issues are presented in the context of the migration of other highly skilled workers. Many of the analysed articles which concern migration of the highly skilled fall into methodological traps. Some do not take into account important cultural variables; others are concentrated on very specific problems, and – by employing sophisticated statistical techniques – provide conclusions of very limited generality. We start our analysis with the discussion of the most common research problems. Then we move on to discussing sources of data and methodologies. The last part summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of various methodological approaches often employed in academic migration studies. This study allows us to outline our above-mentioned research proposal. Drawing on this example we show how a qualitative research project may add to current knowledge concerning the group in question. Nevertheless, this subject is diffi cult per se, and some challenges seem impossible to overcome.

14

Otsinky investytsiynoyi pryvablyvosti rehionu: porivnyal'nyy pofaktornyy analiz

80%

Petrovs'ka S. A.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2012

|

tom 2 (56)

90-97

EN

The existing scientific and methodological approaches to the evaluation of investment attractiveness of the region are considered. The comparative analysis of descriptive and rating methodologies, domestic approaches and methods of Western agencies is conducted. It was established that the rating methodologies are more visible in obtaining economic results, but do not take into account the regional aspect of the industry, and the methods of Western agencies overcome this shortcoming. It was determined that none of the methodologies do not fully take into account the environmental aspect of the investment attractiveness of the region.

15

Metodyka analizy i projektowania systemu zarządzania innowacjami w przedsiębiorstwie

80%

Barczak B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

|

nr 885

107-126

EN

The paper presents a methodology for analysing and designing an innovation management system. The reflections are preceded by the interpretation of key terms associated with the innovation management system in an enterprise, a synthetic characteristic of modern models of the innovation process and a presentation of a model of innovation management in an enterprise.

16

Polityka w pięciu odsłonach: metatypologia zjawiska

80%

Czajowski A.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

|

tom 12

5-25

EN

The notions of “politics” and “political character” are more intuitive than scientific. They make difficult any distinguishing what is general, universal or political. They have a lot of logical mistakes in the definitions of political phenomena and also of typological shortages of such behaviors, like the political ones. The researchers try to classify a variety of concepts of politics. These categorizations capture the politics as it is commonly seen. For these reasons, they are insufficient. We need a comprehensive typology, capable of introducing the discipline, more precision as to the classification criteria, without demonstrating what the politics is. Taking into account my previous remarks, I propose the following approaches to this phenomenon: 1. common; 2. material and ideological-doctrinaire; 3. theoretical; 4. methodological; 5. sectional. Only within such general types, one might classify the politics according to its constituent characteristics and its different understandings.

17

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS: VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND FEASIBILITY

80%

Zach H.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2005

|

tom 37

|

nr 3

275-291

EN

All questionnaires, regardless of what they measure, must demonstrate good performance with regard to psychometric properties. Psychometrics is a branch of survey research that has developed methods how to quantify errors in measurement because no matter how well is the questionnaire prepared, observed data bears except of desired true data also measurement errors. You should distinguish notion psychometrics from psychometrics used in sociological practice. There is no Slovak equivalent for psychometrics (as a branch of survey research) at the moment, although term psychometrics is common abroad and comprehended correctly. But we can also say we are introducing methodological requirements for data collected through the questionnaire surveys that should be satisfied prior to any statistical manipulation. Rehák (1998) noticed the quality of data determinate the quality of results. In general, questionnaires collecting research data should satisfy requirements of validity, reliability and feasibility. Criteria and standards in psychometrics are not defined as strict rules, but rather as ranges within you would expect certain indicators to fall if the questionnaire is operating correctly. Also the strict limit showing which and how many tests must be used to proof the quality of questionnaire is missing. According to the most of reviewed literature authors use the same set of tests that vary only in number of tests according to which psychometrics areas were tested. Methodology, how to test your quality of data collected through the questionnaire survey, is demonstrated on empirical Slovak data achieved through the Multi-country Survey Study (MCSS) questionnaire.

18

Méthode et pratique du portrait: sur les traces des traducteurs

80%

Whitfield A.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2012

|

tom 59

175-184

EN

This article describes the method and practice of the portrait as a means of acquiring a more profound appreciation for the complex values, goals and work process of literary translators. Based on empirical research, the portrait method brings together biographical material on the translator, bibliographical data on his/her translations, writings, and other texts or interviews on translation, information on his/her professional implication and activities, and details concerning his/her work process and relations with writers and publishers. However, the over-arching goal of the portrait is not simply to provide a compilation of the translator’s achievements, but to make inferences, through a holistic approach to the data, about his/her underlying motivations and aspirations, and by so doing, to better understand the meaning he/she attributes to his/her work. Portraits of Émilie du Châtelet, Hannah Josephson and Patricia Claxton illustrate how the open-ended portrait methodology can enlarge our understanding of the translation process.

19

An Opus Magnum of Michal Heller

80%

Eilstein H.

|

2008

|

tom 17

|

nr 1(65)

19-40

EN

An excellent book recently published by Michał Heller 'is devoted to the struggle with the most difficult questions one may put to the universe' (p. 237) . It brings to the layperson a presentation of the main cosmological hypotheses discussed nowadays at the scientific forum and focuses on the difficulties addressed in these proposals. At the same time Heller presents in this work his philosophical-cum-theological views on other issues, particularly on the question of the existence of God and of the relation of God to the empirical reality. Moreover, he encompasses in his purview some methodological questions concerning empirical cognition. The authoress concentrates on the philosophical-cum-theological contents of the book and criticizes some of Heller's views by contrasting them with the atheistic standpoint.

20

Problém retrospektivní diagnostiky v dějinách lékařství

80%

Cerny K.

DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)

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2008

|

tom 41

|

nr 3

145-154

EN

The paper was intended to be an introductory exposition for workshop about acceptability of a retrospective diagnosis. It deals with various methods used in the history of medicine, and with problems which are related to them. In the beginning it describes shortly development in the medical historiography that took place during the last three decades. It emphasizes those approaches which have not been discussed in the Czech ambient so far. The paper focuses above all on methods suggested by Jon Arrizabalaga, Giorgio Cosmacini, and Roy Porter. In other words it describes socio-constructivistic history of medicine and medicine that is seen using 'patient's view'. In the second part the paper describes how relativity in the modern approach affects the most basic terms of medicine: health, healing, illness, disease, etc. The aim is to show that once we leave secure area of institutional history or medical biographies we face a whole lot of serious obstacles.