Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

JOURNALISTIC METAPHOR AND THE PICTURE OF THE WORLD

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Coneva L. M.

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2006

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tom 15

259-281

EN

The paper analyses metaphor in Russian and Bulgarian journalistic discourse. The study is of interest not only because of the similarities between the two languages, but also because of the similarities between the extra linguistic conditions that generate metaphors. The paper discusses major thematic groups of metaphors, specific features of the metaphoric transfer as well as their role in the creation of a picture of the world. The analysis of journalistic metaphors enables is to find the similarities and differences in the metaphoric picture of the world of Russians and Bulgarians.

2

Toward a Shared Metaphoric Meaning in Children's Discourse: The Role of Argumentation

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Bokus B. , Garstka T.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2009

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tom 40

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nr 4

38-48

EN

The text deals with the phenomenon of understanding and interpreting metaphoric expressions in children. Of the many metaphoric figures, one type was selected: the so-called 'psychological-physical metaphors' that illuminate a psychological experience by appealing to an event in the physical domain. The data consist of children's discussions in pairs, in which they make a joint interpretation of metaphors including a dual-function adjective, e.g., a hard person, a sweet person, an empty person. A hundred and forty-four dialogues between peer dyads were recorded from three age groups (48 dialogues from each group): 6;6-7;6, 8;6-9;6, and 10;6-11;6. The children's task was to prepare an interpretation of metaphorical expressions for two television quiz shows, one for peers and one for young preschoolers. The research design was balanced for age, gender, and order of metaphoric interpretation in the two experimental variants. Following Quignard's model (2005), the authors analyzed children's argumentation as a particular case of dialogical problem solving, whereby children had to understand the metaphoric meaning and convey it to the potential addressee. The results show an interesting dynamic in the argumentative orientation of the pro and the contra type, depending on the age of interlocutors. The frequency of metaphoric interpretations in opposition to those presented by the partner decreases with the children's age, but the frequency of compound proposals with the use of the partner's contribution increases. For the younger addressee, children most frequently interpret metaphors as descriptions of magical situations.

3

Metaforyzacja przestrzeni w Sylorecie Wacława Potockiego (propozycja lektury)

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Jurkowska E.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2013

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tom 4

265-275

EN

The article is a proposal of interpretation of Wacław Potocki’s seventeenth century romance Syloret. The author emphasizes that the poet’s neo-Stoical romance may be read in a universal way, as a reflection on the human condition, hardships of existence and variability of fortune, as the realization of the tropes, reaching back the ancient tradition, of peregrinatio vitae and theatrum mundi. She also draws our attention to the poet’s personal experience, which could affect the form of the poem.

4

Metaphorical Meaning and its Interpretations

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Kulka T.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 1-3

64-79

EN

The author continues the preceding exchange of views on the nature of metaphor with the American philosopher Nelson Goodman that has been published in 'Poetics Today'. He offers his own theory of metaphor, which assumes a middle ground between Goodman's semantic theory and Davidson's pragmatic conception. The article also presents another argument in support of the thesis that there are only true metaphors, and that the logical space assumed by Goodman for the metaphorical falsehood is already reserved for the category of statements that are nonsensical.

5

ŠACH AKO METAFORA MATEMATIKY

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Kvasz L.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2015

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tom 70

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nr 3

175 - 187

EN

The proponents of analytical philosophy often draw a comparison between mathematics and chess. Their metaphor is to suggest that both the result of mathematical calculation and the content of the mathematical statement are determined by the rules of “mathematical game” of some kind and independent of status quo. The steps made in a given calculation or proof arguments are game moves – and similarly to a position in chess the position in a “mathematical game” has no factual content. The aim of the article is to question the metaphor at issue and show the multiple characteristics of mathematical symbols that make them principally different from chessmen. The arguments introduced are to show that contrary to chess mathematics enables us to understand the world, discern its structure and grasp its coherence. The metaphor in question thus can be labelled as systematically misleading.

6

POLISH PHOTOGRAPHY CRITICISM VS. THE PROBLEM OF AVANT-GARDE, MODERNITY AND METAPHOR IN THE LATTER PART OF THE 1950s

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Jurecki K.

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2006

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tom 31

199-214

EN

After the end of the social realism in Polish photography in the mid-1950s, the critics turned to the problems of modernity, metaphor and reportage. The critics, mainly Janusz Bogucki and Urszula Czartoryska, reflected on the artistry of photography and its value principally on the basis of the categories of realism and report documentality. Czartoryska, on the other hand, tried to relate them to the concept of modernity present both in the fine arts and culture of those times. From today's perspective the most important are the opinions of Bogucki and Czartoryska who, as opposed to others, tried to analyse and highly estimated artistic works that went beyond the purity of form of photography as art, i.e. beyond the literary and humanistic reportage (for instance, the works by Zdzislaw Beksinski, Marek Piasecki, Bronislaw Schlabs). The key concept of modernity had a very broad research model. The term was variously interpreted, even with inclusion of reportage, or experimental film by Andrzej Pawlowski. The criticism was backed up by the theoretical texts of Zbigniew Dlubak focused on painting metaphor, an artist of avant-garde opinions and aspirations, in his texts postulated the 'purity' of form of art of photography distanced himself both from the tradition of pictorialism, expressionism and figurative surrealism. In general, all Polish critics allowed abstraction in photography only when a photograph preserved its mimetic character, without the elements of graphic art or painting. Such critics as Bogucki and Czartoryska, and to a lesser extent Ligocki, accompanied with their texts the more modern artists of the 1950s in Poland.

7

THE CONTRASTIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE METAPHORICAL FIELD 'APPEARANCE' IN THE LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT (IN THE RUSSIAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES)

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Balashowa L. V.

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2006

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tom 15

219-136

EN

The article comprises the analysis of the metaphorical field 'Appearance' in the Russian and Polish languages. In this respect, the authoress singles out the subgroups which are productively enriched by figurative naming units. It is emphasized, among other things, that figurative naming units are regular not in naming vitally important human organs, but in the nomination of those parts of the body which reveal diversity from one human to another and can be evaluated from the point of view 'attractive / unattractive'. The contrastive analysis in the linguocultural aspect leads to the conclusion that representatives of both ethnic groups demonstrate a more or less homotypic ideal of a good-looking person. The differences are related to the degree of spread of certain types of appearances among the Russian and the Polish. The special attention is given to the fact that evaluative image-metaphor is concentrated mainly in the high-flown or, vice versa, in the low colloquial styles of speech, in which the expressive function is a dominant one. It is also of the great importance that, regardless the styles of speech, metaphors in both languages are formed by the same models, largely homotypic in the languages in question. The usage of the specific metaphorical naming units is connected with the cultural characteristics of the two nations as well as with their specific perception of the world as a whole.

8

THE CONCEPTUAL IMAGES OF ANGER IN SPANISH AND POLISH IDIOMS (Las imagenes conceptuales dela ira en los fraseologismos Espanoles y Polacos)

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Gajos A.

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2007

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tom 28

115-132

EN

In the paper the authoress intends to present the analysis of the conceptualisation of the feeling of anger that is done on the basis of selected Polish and Spanish idioms. The aim of her contrastive investigations, carried out in the spirit of Cognitive Grammar, is to demonstrate the analogy between the conceptual images of anger in Polish and Spanish. The analysis of conventional linguistic units, having both metaphorical and metonymic basis, is done within the dimensions of TIME, SPACE, the sense of TOUCH (in the aspect of temperature, pressure and colour) and SIGHT. The comparison of conceptual metaphors, that constitute the basis of both Polish and Spanish phraseology, allows one to discern the similarities in the conceptualisation of the feeling of anger in the two languages. Anger is usually conceptualised as SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, CONTAINER, FIRE, RED COLOUR, ARMED OPONENT or RUSHING CAR. Anger generally manifests itself as a negative and harmful feeling and its connection with how it is experienced and expressed by means of conventional behaviours referring to common cultural, psychological and physiological patterns testifies to the fact that there is an analogy in the way it is conceptualised in both Polish and Spanish phraseology.

9

METAFORA V KOGNITÍVNOVEDNOM MODELOVANÍ

100%

Gáliková S.

World Literature Studies

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2011

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tom 3 (20)

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nr 3

28 – 40

EN

There has been an ongoing intensive research of the nature of human mind in contemporary cognitive science. The author ś aim is to point out the role of metaphorical language in the experimental and theoretical mind studies. The analysis subject is to emphasize heuristic and argumentative function of metaphor in models of cognitive science representatives. Viability of this strategy appears by solving problems reaching beyond the imaginary boundaries of disciplines, f.e. reality-fiction, literal-metaphorical, text understanding, the nature of truth etc. putting significance on the function of metaphorical language in art, philosophy and science has become a great challenge for reconsidering traditional approaches to the study of human mind, body and reality.

10

The first Cologne Epode of Archilocus

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Mayer P.

Antik Tanulmanyok (Studia Antiqua)

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 1

1-14

EN

The first Cologne Epode of Archilochus (196a W2) is widely considered to be a poetic account of a malicious seduction, committed or invented and uttered in revenge by the poet. The narrator as rejected suitor of Neobule seduces her younger sister, reaching his goal both by means of a promise of future marriage and of a proposition for sex on the spot. Actually, the first conception can not be proved or even made probable by the text. On the other hand the sexually coded proposition of the man (vv. 21-24) should rather be taken as a sparkling double-voiced utterance, understood in its metaphorical sense only by the male publicum of the iambos, whereas for the girl being equivalent to an invitation to innocent conversation. These observations, along with psychological and reception-aesthetical considerations, make a strong case for the minority opinion, that the Cologne Epode as erotic poem relates the meeting between a man filled with desire (rather than with thirst for vengeance), and an unknown virgin, who is unlikely to be the younger sister of Neobule.

11

FORMULATION OF QUALITY-QUANTITY RELATIONSHIP IN TOPONYMY BY THE EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND METAPHORS

100%

Krsko J.

Slavica Slovaca

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2006

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tom 41

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nr 1

61-68

EN

The author of the study deals with the use of metaphor and metonymy in the formation of toponyms. The commonest use in proper nouns is that of resemblance with appellatives known to people from their everyday lives - 'brdo' (harness), 'hreben' (comb), 'sedlo' (saddle), 'nohavice' (trousers), 'noznice' (scissors)… Long distance of the object from the settlement was expressed by people metaphorically, using the names of distant countries and cities - America, Canada, Kamchatka, Peking, Mexico... In some toponyms, the expressive words are used to denote poor-quality soil, too distant objects etc.

12

THE FUNCTIONS OF METAPHORS IN THE RELATIONS OF POLAND WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION (Funkcje metafor w relacjach Polski z Unia Europejska)

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Kazmierczak M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2009

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nr 3(332)

213-230

EN

The article concerns methapors taken from the political language. The author investigates the lingustic representations of relations (rooted in the historical context) between Poland and the EU. These metaphors were active in the public discourse and their meanings influnced the social reception of the Polish accession to the UE. The common aspect of these lingustic figures is the tacit conviction about the 'fatalism of history' in Polish politics. The author also discusses the social and international understanding of metaphors in foreign mass media. The main hypothesis concerns an important influence of speech acts on internal and external politics - in the lingustic perspective - where metaphors create images and representations of reality. In the Polish context, these metaphors are rooted in the semantic field implicated by associations with 'death', 'sacrifice', 'prejudice' and 'uncertainty'.

13

METAPHORICAL ASPECTS OF SELECTED SIGNS IN POLISH SIGN LANGUAGE

100%

Kosecki K.

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2008

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tom 29

67-74

EN

Cognitive linguistics studies language as a reflection of human mind. Many cases of concept-formation are based on metaphor. Though most of the analyses point out to the presence of metaphor in natural languages, also sign languages involve this conceptual mechanism. Comparative analysis of linguistic expressions and signs for such fundamental concepts as time, support, illness, and others, proves that they reflect the same conceptual metaphors. This, in turn, supports the Generalisation Commitment and the Cognitive Commitment as fundamental hypotheses of cognitive linguistics.

14

A ja jestem jedynym dowodem”. O poezji fantastycznonaukowej

100%

Leś M.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2013

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tom 4

187-203

EN

The author of the article presents three concepts of the existence of poetry in the framework of the science-fiction literary convention. The first of the concepts, concretized by Suzette Haden Elgin, recognizes a possibility of creating a lyrical monologue from inside of an assumed fantastic reality. The other one, more risky, confronts the scientific discourse with an intimate confession in the framework of allegory and hyperbole. The third one, represented by Samuel R. Delany, Adam Roberts and Seo-Young Chu’s views, recognizes the existence of poetry as a holistic dimension of the science-fiction convention.

15

'DISCORDANT DISCORD': METAPHOR AS 'PHARMAKON' AND AN UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT OF GETTING OUT OF A STALEMATE (DANIEL NABOROWSKI'S 'ON THE EYES OF THE ENGLISH PRINCESS') (Polish title - below)

100%

Bohuszewicz P.

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2009

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tom 50

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nr 4-5

313-325

EN

(Title in Polish - 'Niezgodna niezgodnosc': metafora jako 'farmakon' i nieudana próba wyjscia z impasu (Daniel Naborowski, 'Na oczy królewny angielskiej...)') This article is a polemical rejoinder to the previous interpretations of 'On the Eyes of the English Princess', a poem dedicated by Daniel Naborowski (1573-1640) to Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I of England and wife of Frederick V of the Rhenish Palatinate. The poem is not only a poetic, playful 'tour de force', but also an attempt at demonstrating the 'impossibility of metaphor'. The imaginative analogies which constitute the metaphor are structured like the 'pharmakon': each of them represents an irreducible duality with a surplus of meaning, over and above the intended likeness. Naborowski wants to break the stalemate by reaching out for a 'super-metaphor': the eyes, as we can see, represent not just one of the features evoked in such poetic statements, but all of them, at the same time. However, even this gambit can hardly change anything: the agglomeration of all the discrete analogies cannot alter their ambivalent nature. Instead of constructing a 'discordia concors', recommended by the rhetoricians, Naborowski ends up with what can be described as a discordant discord

16

Salomon Maimon and the Metaphorical Nature of Language

88%

Pargacova L.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2009

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tom 46

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nr 2

167-177

EN

This article is concerned with the metaphorical nature of language in the conception of Salomon Maimon (1753-1800), one of the most distinctive figures of post-Kantian philosophy. He was continuously challenging the theories that attributed a metaphorical character to language, which were widespread in eighteenth-century British, French, and German philosophy. Particularly notable was his attack on Johann Georg Sulzer (1720-1779). The core of the dispute concerned different views on the relationship between the sphere of the senses and the sphere of the intellect. Whereas Sulzer understood them simply as analogical, Maimon dissolved the disparity, convinced that each stems, albeit separately, from the transcendental activity of consciousness. He applied this method of argumentation also in essays on literal meaning and figurative meaning.

17

FIGURATIVE SPEECH AS A REPRESENTATION OF MEANING

88%

Heller D.

World Literature Studies

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2011

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tom 3 (20)

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nr 3

62 – 71

EN

Complexity and plasticity of speech is manifested inter alia by the fact that there are not a few speech phenomena that cannot be understood literally. One of the tasks of contemporary psychology of speech and cognitive psychology is to reconstruct the structure and the process of the production and reception of figurative speech. The most important forms of the figurative speech are metaphor and irony. According to the classical rhetoric a metaphor substitutes the actual meant word another whereas the substitutive or comparative theory comprehended a metaphor as an analogy. According to the interaction theory the metaphoric meaning is generated by the mutual incidence of two ideas. As concerns the irony it is similar. The model of the process of understanding the figurative speech assumes first the reception of the literally meaning whose incoherence with the context influences the inference of actually meant (Searle). Gibbs created the contradictory model of “direct access” that assumes understanding the figurative meanings without the regress to literally meanings. Nevertheless, there is still open question left: What happens to the literally meaning in the end of the process of understanding the figurative expression? Neither conception of synchronous being aware of literally and non-literally meaning does not make it possible to explain the emotional and motivational dimensions of esthetical liking, endearment, and favour the research of which often starts from the figurative speech. The author ś contribution focuses on the figurative speech as a representation of meaning.

18

STRATEGIES OF THE CONSTRUCTING OF CREDIBILITY OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND IN THE FACE OF CULTURAL-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION AFTER 1989 YEAR (Strategie budowania wiarygodnosci Kosciola Rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w obliczu transformacji kul

88%

Leszczynska K.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2010

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tom 8

103-115

EN

The aim of my article is to answer to the question about methods of maintaining of credibility of the Roman Catholic church in Poland (understood as an institution). My presentation will be based on the research which included analysis of content of the official and unofficial documents of Roman Catholic Church in Poland (between 2000-2008) concerning the social problems related to the political and economic modernisation in the context of European integration process, especially discussion about European Constitution. In my article I will concentrate on presentation one of the strategy, that is: dichotomisation of the reality on the clearly distinguished 'we' and 'they'. Peter Berger stressed that in this strategy religious institution perceived new, pluralistic world in the cathegories of the threat religious order.

19

IN SEARCH OF PHILOSOPHICAL IMAGINATION: PRESENCE, DEPTH, AND PARTICIPATION

88%

Polak M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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tom 36

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nr 3

17-43

EN

After a brief introduction to the problem of imagination (understood as an object of philosophical inquiry), the author establishes his principal distinction between two kinds of imagination: representing and participating. He also proposes a more detailed analysis of the latter, including a review of his privileged metaphors (source and warmth) and conceptual connections (presence and participation). Moreover, the article is devoted to the question of the relation between the philosophy of presence and the philosophy of absence, approached from an imaginative perspective. In conclusion, the author presents theses concerning philosophical activity itself, which is developed along the following lines: experience - vision - notion.

20

La traduction en images et l’image du traducteur à travers les âges

88%

Mariaule M.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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tom 59

25-39

EN

This article analyses the past figure of the translator through metaphorical representations of translation. Indeed, from Ciceron onwards, translation, but also its various manifestations, has beenmore metaphorised than defined or explained. The first part of the analysis deals with positive as well as negative metaphors on translation and the translator, while the second part is more concerned with the metaphors that have been used to characterise, advocate or reject different types of translation.