Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Measurements of radon flux and soil-gas radon concentration along the main central thrust, Garhwal Himalaya, using SRM and RAD7 detectors

100%

Bourai A. , Aswal S. , Rawat M. , Prasad M. , Naithani N. , Joshi V. , Ramola R. C.

|

tom Vol. 61, no. 4

950--957

EN

Radon in the Earth’s crust or soil matrix is free to move only if its atoms find their way into pores or capillaries of the matrix. 222Rn atoms from solid mineral grains get into air, filling pores through emanation process. Then 222Rn enters into the atmosphere from air-filled pores by exhalation process. The estimation of radon flux from soil surface is an important parameter for determining the source term for radon concentration modeling. In the present investigation, radon fluxes and soil-gas radon concentration have been measured along and around the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in Uttarkashi district of Garhwal Himalaya, India, by using Scintillation Radon Monitor (SRM) and RAD7 devices, respectively. The soil radon gas concentration measured by RAD7 with soil probe at the constant depth was found to vary from 12 ± 3 to 2330 ± 48 Bq m–3 with geometrical mean value of 302 ± 84 Bq m–3. The significance of this work is its usefulness from radiation protection point of view.

2

Analysis and comparison of the three spatial tests: MRT, MCT and HSAT

89%

Babály B. , Bölcskei A.

|

tom Vol. 30

9--15

EN

Visual-spatial skills are present in the everyday activities of engineers and architects. During tertiary education, it is extremely important to develop the ability to interpret threedimensional objects and their connections. The paper deals with spatial abilities of first year civil engineer and architect students from Szent István University, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, in the light of three consecutive tests: Mental Cutting Test, Mental Rotation Test and the Spatial Ability Test created by Séra and his colleagues. All the surveys proved development in spatial skills during the first year studies, which we discuss from different aspects. We introduce the concept of saturation index, as a refinement of measuring development. Beside the statistical analysis and comparison of results, the paper also deals with the critics of the tests.

PL

Umiejętności wizualno-przestrzenne są istotne w codziennej pracy zawodowej inżynierów i architektów. W czasie studiów wyższych niezwykle ważne jest rozwijanie umiejętności interpretowania obiektów trójwymiarowych i ich powiązań. Praca dotyczy badania wyobraźni przestrzennej studentów I roku Inżynierii Lądowej i Architektury z Uniwersytetu Szent István oraz Wydziału Architektury i Inżynierii Lądowej Uniwersytetu Ybl Miklós, w świetle trzech następujących testów: Mental Cutting Test (MCT), Mental Rotation Test (MRT) i test wyobraźni przestrzennej stworzony przez Séra i jego szkołę (HSA). Wszystkie badania dowiodły rozwoju wyobraźni przestrzennej podczas pierwszego roku studiów, który omawiamy w różnych aspektach. Wprowadzamy pojęcie wskaźnika nasycenia, jako udoskonalenie pomiaru rozwoju. Poza analizą statystyczną i porównaniem wyników, w artykule dokonano również analizy krytycznej testów.

3

MCT heterostructures for higher operating temperature infrared detectors designed in Poland

88%

Madejczyk P. , Gawron W. , Sobieski J. , Martyniuk P. , Rutkowski J.

|

tom Vol. 31, Special Issue

art. no. e144551

EN

This paper presents examples of infrared detectors with mercury cadmium telluride elaborated at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology and VIGO Photonics S.A. Fully doped HgCdTe epilayers were grown with the metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique which provides a wide range of material composition covering the entire infrared range from 1.5 μm to 14 μm. Fundamental issues concerning the design of individual areas of the heterostructure including: the absorber, contacts, and transient layers with respect to their thickness, doping and composition were discussed. An example of determining the gain is also given pointing to the potential application of the obtained devices in avalanche photodiode detectors that can amplify weak optical signals. Selected examples of the analysis of current-voltage and spectral characteristics are shown. Multiple detectors based on a connection in series of small individual structures are also presented as a solution to overcome inherent problems of low resistance of LWIR photodiodes. The HgCdTe detectors were compared with detectors from III-V materials. The detectors based on InAs/InAsSb superlattice materials achieve very comparable parameters and, in some respects, they are even superior to those with mercury cadmium telluride.

4

What, If Anything, Most Memorable Personal Moral Dilemmas Can Tell Us About Women’s and Men’s Moral Competence?

88%

Klimenko M. A.

|

nr 1

59-72

EN

Most all popular moral reasoning or moral judgment tests are based on presenting subjects with two or more hypothetical moral dilemmas and asking them to make judgments on the moral quality of arguments supporting and questioning a protagonist’s decision (e.g., the Moral Competence Test by G. Lind). Although these tests have been insightful by tapping some aspect of individuals’ moral-cognitive schemas, moral maturity, or moral development, they also have limitations. Hypothetical moral dilemmas may be too abstract and impersonal, thus failing to create enough emotional salience. Learning more about real-life personally recalled moral dilemmas may reveal more about the individual’s moral mind and experiences. Objective. The current study was conducted to learn more about the personally experienced moral dilemmas, and how they relate to subjects’ level of moral competence and gender. Method. Subjects were asked to recall the most challenging personal moral dilemma; subjects completed the MCT test to measure moral competence. Results. Among some of the findings was that for both, men and women, higher moral competence scores were positively correlated with recalling personal moral dilemmas where the choice had to be made between some altruistic (care for others) and selfish actions. For men, it was the risk of compromising one’s status, whereas for women it was the risk of personal safety.

5

Mis-Educative Martial Law – The Fate of Free Discourse and the Moral Judgment Competence of Polish University Students from 1977 to 1983

75%

Nowak E. , Lind G.

|

nr 2

56-74

EN

The reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish research findings of 1981/3. According to their main hypothesis, martial law restricted free speech at universities, and free speech is a key facilitator of the development of moral and democratic competence. In 2018, after a decade of collaborative research on moral and democratic competence, Lind, Nowak and colleagues started a new international MCT study in several Central- and East European countries to examine the impact of the contemporary constitutional crisis in Poland (and the institutional crisis within the European Union) on students’ moral and democratic competencies. In 2018/9 the 40th anniversary of the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) will be celebrated. We would like to provide you with the most recent research findings soon.

6

The Effect of Moral Competence on Online Conformity Behavior

75%

Mofakhami A.

|

nr 1

73-83

EN

Moral Competence, defined as the ability to solve conflicts on the basis of shared moral principles through cooperation rather than through violence, deceit and power, has received little attention among different psychological approaches; despite its importance in predicting many of our social interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moral competence on online conformity behavior. 217 students from universities in Teheran were selected for a quasi-experimental study. First, participants’ moral competence was measured with the online Moral Competence Test (MCT) by G. Lind (1978/2019). Then the subjects participated in an online version of an Asch type experiment in which conformity was induced. The results showed a clear conformity behavior in the use of the internet. An average of 32.09% of participants conformed to each critical question. When compared to Asch`s line judgment task, the mean conformity in this experiment was lower, but still significant enough to indicate conformity behavior (36.8% compared with 7.4%), which might stem from the online situation, in which some other variables like the deindividuation effect might influence this difference. The results also indicated that there was a weak but negative correlation between moral competence and conformity behavior. The results confirm our hypothesis weakly; subjects with higher moral competence tended to show lower conformity. If the results could be replicated, it would imply that conformity is not a general and stable trait of people, as Asch assumed, but depends on people’s level of moral competence, which can be fostered through education.

7

Heterostruktury w niechłodzonych detektorach podczerwieni

63%

Gawron W. , Rogalski A. , Madejczyk P. , Pawluczyk J. , Piotrowski J. , Piotrowska A.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 10

106-109

PL

Niechłodzone detektory podczerwieni z HgCdTe to jeden z niewielu produktów optoelektronicznych produkowanych obecnie w Polsce i eksportowanych do wielu krajów świata. Przyrządy te znajdują zastosowania praktyczne w nowoczesnej aparaturze naukowej i medycznej, w przemyśle, ochronie środowiska naturalnego, technice wojskowej. Artykuł prezentuje obecny stan rozwoju niechłodzonych detektorów podczerwieni w Polsce.

EN

Uncooled infrared photodetectors from HgCdTe are one of few optoelectronic products manufactured currently in Poland and exported to many countries worldwide. The devices have found important applications for scientific and medical instruments, in industry, environment protection, and military technique. The paper presents the state-of-art in the field of uncooled photodetectors from HgCdTe in Poland.

8

Moduły detekcyjne dla telekomunikacji optycznej w otwartej przestrzeni

63%

Gawron W. , Gutowska M. , Łach J. , Paliwoda R. , Rzeczkowski M. , Piotrowski J.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 10

73-76

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań szerokopasmowych modułów detekcyjnych przeznaczonych dla otwartych łączy optoelektronicznych. Jako element detekcyjny wykorzystano w nich immersyjne fotodiody długofalowego (≈10 µm) promieniowania podczerwonego pracujące z chłodzeniem czterostopniową chłodziarką termoelektryczną. Przedstawione zostały dwa typy modułów detekcyjnych. Pierwszy z immersyjną fotodiodą pracującą bez zasilania i drugi z immersyjną fotodiodą zasilaną napięciem wstecznym.

EN

The paper presents the test results of a long-term radiation detector modules for Free Space Optical communication operated at the waveiength range of 8... 12µm. The modules are based on optically immersed photodiodes operating with Peltier coolers manufactured in the company VIGO System SA High sensitivity of the detection module was achieved through a multi-layered hete-rostructure HgCdTe with immersion lens, which is optimized for the detection of radiation with a wavelength of 10 µm. Developed optical radiation detection modules will be used in a next-generation optical link, with a greater range in difficult weather conditions in relation to the links currently offered.

9

Validation of the Lithuanian Version of Moral Competence Test and Application of KMDD in Language Teaching / Learning Process at Vilnius University, Lithuania

63%

Kriaučiūniene R. , Lind G.

|

nr 1

6-14

EN

The findings obtained by G. Lind using his original research instrument – the Moral Competence Test – suggest that universities lack the capacity to foster students’ moral competence development. The MCT has been translated into 39 languages, all of which have gone through the necessary validation procedure. The article reports on the MCT validation study for the 40th language, namely Lithuanian. The research sample consisted of 526 students of English/German/French languages, future foreign language teachers, in the 1 st to 4th years of study at two universities in Lithuania: the former Vilnius Pedagogical University and the Vilnius University. The majority of the respondents demonstrated low or medium level of moral competence. On the basis of this cross-sectional study (2019–2020), the MCT for Lithuanian has been successfully validated and certified. In the following article, we present and discuss all the validation criteria and revisit the theoretical background of MCT. We also argue for educating students in moral competence and evaluating the effects of moral competence promotion in academic contexts.

10

Długofalowe detektory podczerwieni dla telekomunikacji optycznej w otwartej przestrzeni

51%

Gawron W. , Gutowska M. , Pędzińska M. , Pawluczyk J. , Piotrowski J.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 10

76-79

PL

Praca pokazuje zasady projektowania i właściwości detektorów podczerwieni dla szerokopasmowych modułów detekcyjnych przeznaczonych dla otwartych łączy optoelektronicznych. Są to heterostrukturalne fotodetektory długofalowego (8...12 µm) promieniowania podczerwonego pracujące bez chłodzenia kriogenicznego. Podstawą konstrukcji fotodetektorów są złożone heterostruktury HgCdTe wytwarzane metodą MOCVD.

EN

Long wavelength infrared photodetectors from HgCdTe for the second generation free-space optical links are reported. The photodetectors are based on optically immersed photodiodes operating with Peltier coolers. The photodiodes are based on HgCdTe heterostructure. The devices have been grown using Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD).