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EN
Lake Wigry is one of the best explored lakes in Poland, a feat which has been achieved thanks to the passion and efforts of numerous scientists. This tremendous endeavour was supervised and coordinated by Professor Jacek Rutkowski and January 2021 marked the fifth anniversary of the professor’s death. To mark this occasion, a history of research on the lake was compiled on the basis of oral accounts and an overview of the works that have been created thanks to his ideas, supervision, and boundless empathy. It is crucial to continue the research, since it will allow for the even better protection of the environment, as well as the natural and landscape attributes of the Wigry region.
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EN
The paper comprises the results of examination of the number of indicatory bacteria of pollution degree (TVC 20°C, TVC 37°C) and sanitary state (TC, FC, FS) in the water of the Kamionka, Maniówka, Wiatrołuża and Piertanka Rivers in the north area of Wigry National Park in 1996 and the number of these microorganisms taken to Wigry Lake. The investigations were carried out at 3 sites situated on the Kamionka River (in Okuniowiec, below a group of "huciańskie" lakes, before the tributary to Pierty Lake), at 2 sites situated on the Maniówka River (in Lipniak and before the mouth to the Wiatrołuża River), at 5 sites on the Wiatrołuża River (in Wiatrołuża, above and below the estuary of the Maniówka River, at the mouth to Królówek Lake, between Królówek Lake and Pierty Lake) and at 1 site situated on the Piertanka River (between Omułówek Lake and Wigry Lake). The obtained values of bacteriological indices of pollution degree and sanitary state were compared with the criteria of surface water purity estimation suggested in literature and their usefulness for recreation. The number of the examined indicator bacteria found in the present research shows a significant water pollution (II and III class of purity) of the examined rivers in the region of rural areas and the improvement of purity degree along the river course. There were found leakages of pollution from cesspools in the rural areas (it is seen by a significant number of FC in water of given sites) and flows from other arable-forestry-pasture-meadow catchment (which is expressed by a larger number of Streptococci than Escherichia coli) as a main source of water pollution of the examined rivers.
EN
Studies on physico-chemical parameters of water in Czarna Hancza River and lakes Hancza and Wigry (North-East Poland) were carried out in 1991-1994 i.e. in the period of maximal pollution of this river-lake system. Basic information were obtained enabling explanation of high resistance of Lake Wigry to eutrophication. It was shown that co-precipitation of phosphates on calcite in the ecotone zone of Hanczanska Bay, where river waters mixed with lake waters, was an important process. Sedimentation of these substances in this lake part resulted in lower lake loading with phosphorus by as much as about 50%. The mechanisms were operating most of all during the vegetation season, when water pH exceeded 8.3. Availability of phosphorus to phytoplankton depended also on phosphate release from bottom sediments. The lowest rate of this release was observed in Hanczanska Bay. On the other hand, in autumn and winter the increase of organic matter decomposition and lowering of water pH enabled free spreading of pollutants over the whole lake.
EN
This work comprises the results of examinations of a number of indicator bacteria on the degree of pollution (TVC 20°C, TVC 37°C), sanitary state (TC, FC, FS), and usefulness for recreation of Hanczanska Bay and areas adjoining Wigry Lake. Adequate studies were made in 1997, a year after the start of 3rd degree sewage treatment in the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Suwalki. All of these bacteria in general were more numerous in the water of Hanczanska Bay, especially in spring-summer. In the waters of northern Ploso of Wigry Lake numbers of bacteria were only periodically numerous at some water samples. The highest percentage of pure water samples fulfilling the requirement for bathing waters was found at sites on the border between Hanczanska Bay and the waters of Northern Ploso of Wigry Lake; the lowest percentage was found at sites in Hanczanska Bay. Gradual decrease of TVC 20°C ( sometimes 37°C) with the distance from the mouth of the Czarna Hancza River towards south-east sites shows this direction of the movement of main water masses of the Czarna Hancza River. No significant differences in percentage of unpolluted water samples stated in Hanczanska Bay and areas adjoing Wigry Lake with a comparison of data from 1994-1996 years of investigation.
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