Miasto Kazimierz jest uznawane jako wyjątkowe w swej zabytkowej architekturze i unikalnych walorach krajobrazowych. To szczególne miasto posiada jednak miejsca, które wymagają natychmiastowej rewitalizacji i rehabilitacji. Jednym z takich elementów krajobrazu miasta jest przepływająca przez centrum rzeka Grodarz. Historycznie miała ona duże walory krajobrazowe, niestety obecnie są one całkowicie zaprzepaszczone. Rzeka ma formę kanału obudowanego blokami granitowymi, a w niektórych miejscach wzmocnienia brzegu trylinką. Ten relikt minionej epoki (lata 60. XX w.) niestety znacząco oszpeca centrum miasta oraz zatrzymuje spływające wody deszczowe. Zapisy w planach miejscowych przewidują rewitalizację przyrodniczą i krajobrazowa rzeki, co radykalnie zmieni jakość przestrzeni publicznej i krajobraz centrum miasta. W artykule przedstawiono problematykę związaną z planowaną rewitalizacją rzeki Grodarz i przywróceniem walorów naturalnego systemu przyrodniczo-wodnego.
EN
Because of its ancient architecture and unique landscape qualities, Kazimierz is recognized as a very exceptional town. However, there are some places in this special town which need immediate restoration. One of these elements of the town landscape is the Grodarz River flowing through the town. Historically, the river had major landscape values but unfortunately these features are completely destroyed nowadays. Now the river has a canal form, which is encased with blocks of granite and in some parts the river bank is built up with sett stones. The whole construction seems to be the relic of the past period (the sixties) and it significantly disfigures the town centre, furthermore it retains the flowing rainwater. The notes from the local land development plans anticipate the natural and landscape river restoration, what could radically change the quality of public places and city centre landscape. In the paper authors present the issues connected with the planned Grodarz River restoration and reintroduction of the water system natural values.
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The article presents the form and character of Kraków's old Kazimierz district, and its contemporary problems. Reference is made to the history of the site and architectural stratifications. Particularly emphasized is the role of greenery in the urban tissue and the importance of gardens associated with sacred objects is stressed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono kształt i charakter dawnej dzielnicy Kazimierz wraz z jej współczesnymi problemami. Odniesiono się do historii tego miejsca oraz nawarstwień architektonicznych. Szczególnie zaakcentowana została rola zieleni w tkance urbanistycznej oraz podkreślone znaczenie ogrodów związanych z obiektami sakralnymi.
In October and December 2005, trial archaeological excavations were conducted on the north side of the Podgórska Street in Krakow, in an area of Medieval city wall of Kazimierz, in its fragment which currently constitutes a fence of the Hospitallers Hospital. Results showed that the structure of the stone defensive wall is not uniform and phases of its changes related primarily to the modern superstructures of authentic Gothic part can be observed. According to historical sources, the basic sections of stone fortifications of Medieval Kazimierz were erected between 1362 and 1369.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest sposób uwzględnienia i ochrony walorów kulturowych w planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego po 1980 roku dla Kazimierza w Krakowie. Ponadto publikacja wspomina o dokumentach stymulujących rozwój tego obszaru, które - wraz z wymienionymi planami - w sposób synergiczny wykreowały współczesny obraz dzielnicy. Artykuł obrazuje ponadto zmiany w warsztacie planisty na przestrzeni ostatnich 40 lat oraz wymienia autorów poszczególnych dokumentów, które po uchwaleniu stają się „anonimowym dobrem wspólnym”, będącym podstawą zagospodarowania przestrzeni.
EN
The subject of the article is the manner in which cultural values in post-1980 spatial development plans for Kazimierz in Krakow are to be considered and protected. Moreover, the publication mentions documents stimulating the development of this area, which, in combination with the above-mentioned plans, have synergistically created a contemporary picture of the district. The article also illustrates changes in the tools and methodology of urban planning over the past 40 years and cites the authors of particular documents which, after coming into force, have become an ‘anonymous common good’ serving as the basis for spatial development.
The paper considers, as an example of second generation Shoah survivors, the life and work of Henryk Halkowski (1951-2009) who lived in Kraków and was a philosopher, architect and, primarily, ‘a guardian of Jewish memory’. I discuss his essays and journalism on Jewish subjects and the subject of Polish-Jewish relations, as well as his translations and editions of Judaic texts. Halkowski emphasised that it would be wrong to study the history of the Jews in Poland only in the context of their extermination, because there had existed in Poland, and especially in Kraków and its Jewish quarter Kazimierz, a thriving Jewish life and culture for seven centuries previously. The late scholar was deeply connected to Kraków, both biographically and emotionally, and used to stress the fact that the history of the Jews and the history of Kraków are inseparable.
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Henryk Halkowski (1951-2009): ‘Strażnik pamięci żydowskiej’ w KrakowieArtykuł rozpatruje jako przykład drugiego pokolenia po Szoa życie i twórczość żyjącego w Krakowie w latach 1951-2009 Henryka Halkowskiego, filozofa, architekta, a przede wszystkim ‘strażnika pamięci żydowskiej’, jego eseistykę i publicystykę na tematy żydowskie oraz stosunków polsko-żydowskich, a także jego przekłady i opracowania tekstów judaistycznych. Halkowski szczególnie podkreślał, że nie należy zajmować się historią Żydów w Polsce tylko jako historią ich Zagłady, gdyż w Polsce, a zwłaszcza na krakowskim Kazimierzu istniały i rozwijały się bujnie przez 700 lat życie żydowskie i kultura żydowska. Zmarły erudyta był z Krakowem głęboko związany biograficznie, jak też uczuciowo i zwykł kłaść nacisk na fakt, że historia Żydów i historia Krakowa są ze sobą nierozerwalnie związane. Henryk Halkowski (1951-2009): ‘Wächter des jüdischen Gedächtnisses’ in KrakauDer Beitrag betrachtet exemplarisch als ein Beispiel der zweiten Generation nach der Shoah das Leben und Schaffen von Henryk Halkowski (1950-2009), der in Krakau lebte und als Philosoph. Architekt und vor allem als ‚Wächter des jüdischen Gedächtnisses‘ funktionierte. Ich bespreche seine Essayistik und Publizistik zu jüdischen Themen sowie solchen der polnisch-jüdischen Beziehungen wie auch seine Übersetzungen und Bearbeitungen judaistischer Texte. Besonders betonte Halkowski, dass man die Geschichte der Juden in Polen nicht lediglich als Geschichte ihres Untergangs betrachten sollte, denn es existierte und florierte in Polen, und insbesondere in der Nachbarstadt (dann im Stadtviertel) Krakaus Kazimierz 700 Jahre lang das jüdische Leben und die jüdische Kultur. Der gestorbene (Privat-)Gelehrte war sowohl biographisch als auch emotionell mit Krakau tief verbunden und pflegte mit Nachdruck zu sagen, dass die Geschichte der Juden und die Geschichte Krakaus unzertrennlich zusammenhängen.
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There is a number of ways to create a "town in the city." It may emerge, for example, as a result of preserving some specificity by an independent urban unit after it has lost its independence and become part of a greater one. Cracow was granted the Charter in 1257. Then it was the capital of Poland, nowadays it is the third biggest city in the country. From the 13th to the 20th century, eight neighbouring towns of different size and importance originated and grew more or less successfully next to Cracow to be eventually incorporated into the city. The author discusses mostly the epilogues of their stories, which took place after they had become the districts of Cracow. Three districts can be now recognized as "towns in the city": 14th-century Kazimierz, 18th-century Podgorze and 20th-century Nowa Huta, which were joined with Cracow in 1800, 1915 and 1951, respectively. Each of them was created in a sort of particular opposition against Cracow, however those reasons have already lost all significance. Before the unifications, those towns had full municipal rights, being already well-developed areas of considerable population, economy, and urban form. Still recognizable for their unique features and values, such as local traditions and attitude, particular functions and architecture, those three "towns in the city" have recently enjoyed increasing interest and attractiveness.
The Kazimierz salt storage operated from the 16th century on the area of the city of Kazimierz, on the right bank of Zakazimierka River, which initially was a peripheral and later the main river bed of the Vistula River. It was the storage of salt intended for rafting down the Vistula to the Masovian salt storages. Simultaneously, the facility operates as a shipping harbour organising salt rafting three times a year, serviced by rafters supplying proper vessels for salt rafting, including barges, komiega rafts, galara, byk and lichtun. The development of the Kazimierz salt storage consisted of a house (a dwelling and a place where saltworks officials resided during salt loading), known as the manor house with adjoining farm buildings, including stables and storage sheds, distinguished by their vast sizes, assigned for salt loaves (salt clumps with columnar shapes and specific dimensions) and barrel salt (salt loaded into barrels in the mine and transported in this manner) usually built in parallel to the river bed, right by the water, next to the waterfront reinforced by fascine and wood. Descriptions of the development prepared by royal commissioners are included in the text of saltworks commissions from the period between 1581 and 1762. Destruction of the Kazimierz salt storage during the siege of Cracow by the Swedes and the repeated flooding of the Vistula in the 1670s resulted in closing of the facility. Its role between 1690 and 1717 was taken over by the salt storage and shipping harbour in Mogiła. The Kazimierz salt storage was officially reopened in 1718. Construction investments were conducted between 1725 and 1751, and a manor house, a storage shed, a stable and an additional shed for lime (rafted down the Vistula to Warsaw for the needs of the royal court) were subsequently built. Between 1730 and 1762, a modern harbour was constructed with stanchions and an outer water gauge. The Austrian administration which took over the management of the Kazimierz storage after the first partition of Poland in 1772, changed its official name into Podgorzer Salzniederlage in 1787; legal changes pertaining to the principles of salt trading made it subject to the Directorate of Salt Affairs in Lviv. The organisation of salt rafting was the obligation of the Imperial and Royal Podgórze Rafting Office (C.K. Podgórski Urząd Defluitacyjny), whose tasks were monitored, until 1795 (after further areas of the Republic of Poland were incorporated in the Austrian monarchy), by the Imperial and Royal Directorate for Salt Affairs in Podgórze (C.K. Dyrekcja do Spraw Solnych in Podgórze) (in 1805 transferred to Wieliczka). Between 1809 and 1815, the Podgórze storage, together with the entire district, was subject to the administration of the Duchy of Warsaw. Construction investments from the Austrian times include a second storage building made of brick (after 1804), renovation of administrative buildings, the waterfront, regulation of the Vistula River, as well as erection of a new shed with two residential annexes and a large stable building with a storey. The last investment took place after 1810 and before 1820. The status of development is confirmed by the maps of 1779 – 1847. In 1847, the newly erected stable building was taken-over by the Austrian army for the cavalry needs. The salt storage was handling the sale of salt for the Prussian government and the Russian authorities of the Kingdom of Poland. The final expiry of such contracts (in 1858 and 1872), along with development of rail transport resulted in closing of the governmental salt storage in Podgórze. Since 1873, the storage buildings, handed over to the Poviat Treasury Directorate (Powiatowa Dyrekcja Skarbu) in Cracow, were used by commercial companies, army and treasury guards. They were disassembled during construction of the third bridge across the Vistula and Vistula boulevards (approx. 1912). Only the stable building has been preserved from the entire Podgórze salt storage and continued to be used by the army until 1939.
The previous issue of the journal contains part 2 of the work. The paper presents the late 19th-century attempts to catalogue the whole collection and recent research, which resulted in the following work. The article includes information about the collection of the register books held in the archives of the following parishes: Fajsławice; Firlej; Garbów; Gołąb; Kamionka; Karczmiska; Kazimierz; Kiełczewice; Kijany.
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Publikacja jest kontynuacją serii wydawniczej rozpoczętej w 109 tomie czasopisma „Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne”. W niniejszej części przedstawiono wykaz ksiąg metrykalnych i akt stanu cywilnego parafii: Fajsławice, Firlej, Garbów, Gołąb, Kamionka, Karczmiska, Kazimierz, Kiełczewice, Kijany.