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EN
Sediment transport along erosion gullies in flysch badlands under Sub-Mediterranean climate is presented. Presented are weekly measurements, compiled measurements by months, as well as correlations of sediment transport with selected weather data. Sediment transport was measured up to 19 kg m-2 and was largely dependent on special weather conditions.
PL
The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.    
EN
The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.
EN
The issue of the Italian eastern border after World War I has interested many Italian, Slovenian and Croatian scholars in the field of politics and diplomatic relations. It is known that Italy's diplomatic failure at Versailles in 1919 led to the rise of D'Annunzio's nationalism, which was entirely adopted by Fascism. The question of the Italian eastern border was provisionally resolved in 1920 but its final conclusion came with the Treaty of Rome signed in 1924 concerning the partition of the Free State of Fiume. During this period several Italian intellectuals contributed to the political debate on borders. Before, during and after the war, the city of Padua was one of the main centres of Italian democratic irredentism. Within its university, some professors influenced students through their lectures and historical‑geographical teaching and set a basis for a new kind of knowledge, in between populism and scientific instances. With this contribution, the author considers some particular cases that during the First World War and immediately afterwards exposed their positions through their academic teaching. Among these, the liberal‑patriotic Friulian geographers Arrigo Lorenzi and Francesco Musoni, both professors in Padua, affirming that Italy should reach its natural borders along the Alpine ridge as far as the Istrian and, for Musoni, Dalmatian mountains. Noteworthy at a time, when nationalism pitted peoples against each other, they considered Slavic culture as a natural and historical characteristic of north‑eastern Italy: even if they affirmed it had been used by the Germans to annihilate Italian culture, it should not be eliminated but integrated jointly with the creation of friendly relations with the Kingdom of SCS. Despite their ideas, history would turn out differently. Their example, however, bears witness to the fact that in intellectual circles and in higher education in Italy after the Great War, in particular among geographers, there was a minority aiming at a peace that went beyond nationalism and was based on study and knowledge regarding neighbouring countries.
EN
The paper is based on the results of two anthropological researches conducted within the communities living in the Istria Peninsula. Until recently they have used specific local Eastern Romance dialects. The text is dedicated to the process of violent changes which endangered the existence of this population in the context of its language and identity. The described groups are being assimilated and integrated to the Croatian-speaking majority and Croatian national culture. On the base of interviews with representatives of local communities from Žejane and Šušnjevica the historical traditions, social status of these groups and the character of their relations with neighbouring population will be described. Moreover, social and educational activities towards the cultural revival of these communities, taken by the local intelligentsia, will be discussed.
PL
Artykuł jest oparty na dwóch intensywnych antropologicznych badaniach terenowych. Poświęcony jest gwałtownie zachodzącym procesom kulturowym wśród zbiorowości posługujących się do niedawna (a obecnie szczątkowo) wschodnioromańskimi dialektami wśród mieszkańców Istrii, tracących tożsamość językową, „rozpływających się” wśród chorwackiej większości, ulegających radykalnej integracji tożsamościowej i asymilacji do narodowej kultury chorwackiej. Interesuje mnie nie tyle historyczne pochodzenie grupy, ile jej samookreślenie, jak się okazuje, skomplikowana tożsamość wewnętrzna zbiorowości a także podejmowane przez lokalną inteligencję próby jej regeneracji poprzez naukę regionalnego języka romańskiego. Uwzględniony zostaje także aspekt miejsca w hierarchii społecznej lokalnych grup wschodnioromańskich Istrii w oczach sąsiadów i kulturowa walka o jego zmianę.
PL
Artykuł omawia atrakcje geoturystyczne Europy Środkowej objęte w roku 2006 programem zająć terenowych studentów specjalności Geoturystyka na Wydziale Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska AGH w Krakowie.
EN
The following paper presents selected geotouristic attraction of Central Europe visited in May, 2006 by students of Geotourism from the Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH-University of Science and Technology in Kraków.
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