Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Institutional Framework of Administration of Rural Development in Lithuania

100%

Ragauskaitė A. , Žukovskis J.

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nr nr 3

221-234

XX

Coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się warunkom rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i działaniom instytucji administracyjnych w zakresie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich na Litwie. W literaturze naukowej szeroko omawiany jest rozwój polityki rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, ale instytucje odpowiedzialne za ten rozwój nie są kompleksowo badane. Ważne jest jednak podkreślenie faktu, że zarządzanie rozwojem obszarów wiejskich rozpoczyna się w instytucjach, które są wyznaczone do realizacji polityki. Nacisk kładziony jest na przygotowanie i wdrażanie programów Unii Europejskiej. W tym kontekście działania odpowiedzialnych instytucji są znaczące. W najnowszych źródłach naukowych bardzo dokładnie przeanalizowano rozwiązania zarządcze dotyczące optymalizacji i rozwoju efektywniejszych działań instytucji. Ponadto często podkreśla się, że wiele perspektyw na Litwie jest wdrażanych w ramach odpowiednich rozwiązań w zakresie rozwoju rolnictwa i rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Celem badań jest określenie ewentualnych funkcji, które mogłyby zostać włączone w ramy administracji rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. W zagranicznych źródłach naukowych działalność instytucji jest analizowana w perspektywie tworzenia systemu i zasad systematyzacji. Słowa kluczowe: ramy instytucjonalne, rozwój obszarów wiejskich, system.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

More and more attention is being paid to condition of the rural development and activities of the administrative institutions regarding the rural development in Lithuania. In scientific literature it is widely discussed the development of the rural development policy but responsible institutions are not researched widely. However, it is important to highlight the fact that the administration of the rural development starts in the institutions, which are appointed to implement the policy. Emphasis is placed on preparation and implementation of EU programs. In this context, the activities of responsible institutions are significant. In recent scientific sources management solutions regarding optimization and development of more efficient activities of institutions are analyzed in great detail. In addition, it is often highlighted that many perspectives in Lithuania is implemented throughout the solutions regarding corresponding agricultural and rural development solutions. The research aim - to determine possible functions, which could be included in the framework of the rural development administration. In foreign scientific sources the activities of institutions are analyzed throughout the perspective of system formation and system systemization principles.(original abstract)

2

Institutional conditioning for the diversification process of economy

75%

Nemchenko G. , Tokarev Y.

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tom 3

29-31

EN

Despite numerous appeals, since the beginning 1987, to diversify the economy of Russia, the aim is not achieved. The article argues that the diversification as a process lacks adequate institutional conditioning. Path-dependency provided stability to economic growth while the structure of economy remains mainly unchanged. Global financial crisis gives an opportunity to stir up discussion on diversification as driving factor of innovative development. The author believes that methodology and theory of constructing sustained and diversified productions is mechanically imported from foreign sources, regardless institutional realities of Russian market. Considering all this, the paper suggests creating institutional framework capable to manage processes of economy diversification. (original abstract)

3

Instytucje formalne i nieformalne oraz ideologia w ujęciu instytucjonalnym Douglasa Cecila Northa

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Pęciak R.

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nr nr 48 Zagadnienia teorii ekonomii i polityki gospodarczej w ujęciu mikro- i makroekonomicznym

47-59

XX

D.C. North duże znaczenie przypisuje nie tylko instytucjom formalnym i nieformalnym ograniczeniom, ale również interakcjom między instytucjami a organizacjami, które nadają kształt instytucjonalnej ewolucji gospodarki. Te wszystkie elementy wpływają na proces zmian instytucjonalnych w obrębie społeczeństwa, natomiast tempo tych zmian determinuje efektywność adaptacyjną rynków. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The article is an attempt of synthetic depiction of institutions in D.C North's theory. D.C. North is one of the most significant institutional economists. The starting point of the analysis is a general presentation of the issues connected with modern institutionalism. The concepts of the transaction costs and institutions are the part of this theory. The second part of the article describes the concept and importance of institution in D.C. North theory, who similarly to other modern institutionalists, emphasizes the influence of the transaction costs on social and economic development. The article discusses the matter of the institutional frames which are marked out by formal rules, informal constraints and their enforcement. The character of the institutional changes is the main issue analyzed by North. The article shows the most important determinants of these changes, particularly the role of ideology. The ideology alongside with formal and informal rules defines the rate and direction of the institution's changes.(original abstract)

4

A New Theory of Military Behavior in the Arab Uprisings: 'Pro-State' and 'Pro-Regime'

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Sarihan A.

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tom 14

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nr nr 1

9-23

EN

Many articles have been published on civil-military relations. But the unexpected events circle that was the so-called Arab spring or Arab uprisings has created a gap that should be filled by scholars. The article sets forth a new theoretical framework that is pro-state and pro-regime by applying this framework respectively to the two different cases Tunisia and Libya. This article provides a comparison of the military's behavior in Tunisia, which led to the success of the uprisings, and the military's behavior in Libya, where the army fought protesters and precipitated in the NATO intervention and about 9 months of armed struggle. The data indicates that the military's response to the social protests played an undeniable role in the diverse outcomes of the uprisings. Pro-state and pro-regime framework aids in the exploration of this response by integrating rational choice and institutionalism to develop a comprehensive lens through which we can view this phenomenon. (original abstract)

5

Economic Identities : Four Paths Out of the "Iron Cage"

63%

Morawski W.

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nr nr 4

2-9

EN

This paper discusses ways out of an approach adopted in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which I refer to as instrumental rationalism (pl. racjonalizm instrumentalny). It was to determine, inter alia, the place occupied by humans within an organization construed as a machine in the self-proclaimed modern era. It is one in which the substance of what we refer to as "here and now" is determined by rationality, functionality, utility, usability, effectiveness and effciency. This approach was best captured by Max Weber's metaphor of the "iron cage" (German "Stahlhartes Gehause", translated as "iron cage" by Talcott Parsons), although Weber himself refers to "like a light cloak, which can be thrown away any moment [...] shell as hard as steel" (Weber, 1994, p. 181). (original abstract)

6

Rejoinder to Comparative Economics and the Mainstream by László Csaba

51%

Vergara-Fernández M.

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nr nr 3

138-142

EN

Throughout the paper, as the title might suggest, there is running commentary with respect to the relationship between Kornai's work and 'mainstream economics'. The underlying question throughout the paper is why Kornai's work did not become more influential in the mainstream, if Kornai offered all the necessary ingredients mfor his work to become more recognised than it has actually been. Csaba's concern is that "Given his unparalleled embeddedness in the Western academic world ever since the mid-1960s...his highly original and equally unusually influential ideas have had a limited, if any, impact on mainstream economics, as taught in global economics programmes at PhD level". Csaba's narrative suggests that there was a kind of progression in Kornai's work that should have made him acceptable to the mainstream, but that, in the end, his "subject nof analysis as well as the conditions under which the author formulated his academic interests... kept him within the confines of institutional economics". Due to space limitations I will only focus on two aspects that are important from the perspective of the philosophy of economics. (fragment of text)

7

Comparative Economics and the Mainstream

51%

Csaba L.

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nr nr 3

32-51

EN

This essay reviews the complex love-hate relationship between comparative economics, as represented by its most outstanding representative, János Kornai, and mainstream economics, based on rational expectations and general equilibrium theorizing, as represented by Kenneth Arrow and his disciples Paul Samuelson, Olivier Blanchard and the New Keynesian line adopted by the IMF under his reign. The ultimate question is why the interaction has not been more productive and direct over the decades? Why has the post-communist era not brought about a rapprochement? The essay reviews major milestones presented in academic volumes in the oeuvre of Kornai through the decades. It highlights a special form of micro-founded macroeconomics, whose epistemological features are distinct from that of the neoclassical synthesis. (original abstract)

8

Rola instytucji w procesie kształtowania rozwoju sektora rolno-żywnościowego w Polsce

44%

Muszyńska K.

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nr nr 30

154-182

XX

Sektor rolno-żywnościowy w Polsce, znalazł się w wyniku transformacji i dążeń integracyjnych w wyjątkowo trudnej sytuacji z punktu widzenia procesów rozwojowych. Został on, jak i cała gospodarka, poddany terapii szokowej, która spowodowała wyhamowanie poprzedzających ją procesów rozwojowych i wybicie z dotychczasowej ścieżki wzrostu. W wyniku szoku transformacyjnego sektor rolno-żywnościowy został skierowany na ścieżkę rozwoju kapitalistycznego i poddany wymogom konkurencyjności międzynarodowej. Wprowadzany w tym czasie kanon: Liberalizacja - Prywatyzacja - Deregulacja, opierał się na założeniu, że uwolnienie podmiotów gospodarczych od regulacji wyzwoli przedsiębiorczość i doprowadzi do wzrostu globalnej efektywności gospodarowania. Zmniejszenie zakresu regulacji systemowych, prawnych i instytucjonalnych niewątpliwie doprowadziło do wykreowania nowej rzeczywistości, ale nie zawsze zgodnej z powszechnymi oczekiwaniami społecznymi. Referat dzięki zastosowaniu metody historiozoficznej dostarcza refleksji na temat charakteru zmian instytucjonalnych zachodzących od początku funkcjonowania gospodarki rynkowej, ich źródeł i przebiegu, a także skutków oddziaływania, zwłaszcza w stosunku do sektora rolno-żywnościowego. Zawiera też próbę wskazania kierunków niezbędnych zmian w polskich strukturach instytucjonalnych, tak aby nie tylko odpowiadały wymogom preakcesyjnym Unii Europejskiej, ale i w maksymalnym stopniu zabezpieczały interesy polskich producentów żywności. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The report below reflects on the nature of institutional changes that have taken place during the first ten years of operation of a market economy, their source and path they have followed as well as the results of their impact particularly in relation to the agricultural food sector. The first part sets out a theoretical presentation of the assumptions of institutional trends in the economy and then applying them to the Polish reality, moving from an analysis of the institution in the regulatory sphere to that of the organization of those units which form the real sphere of the economy. The study also includes an attempt at indicating the direction of indispensable reforms in Polish institutional structures so that they not only meet the requirements of pre - entry to the European Union but also grant maximum protection to the interests of Polish food producers. (original abstract)