Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Historia społeczna: 20 lat po przełomie

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Żarnowski J.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

191-215

EN

In the West the crisis of social history began much earlier due to a postmodern ciriticism of the paradigms of historiography from 1950–1970. In Poland the lack of trust towards social history was additionally intensified by the attempts of the communist party to render it a counterbalance to inconvenient political history. Studies on this aspect of the past, however, were not suspended after 1989, but the limits of social history still remain unclear since at present it does not possess a single dominating methodology. Today, social history is rather a collection of diverse interests, whose object is society although even the definition of the latter concept is ambiguous. The author conducted a survey of the state of research into the discussed domain in Poland in 1989–2009. He deals with the Middle Ages and modern times, listing pertinent publication series, and considers works about the social history of the nineteenth century, mentioning, i.a. the recently issued three-volume history of the intelligentsia edited by Jerzy Jedlicki. Finally, he discusses an epoch that is the focus of his own research work, i.e. the twentieth century, paying separate attention to the interwar period. The following remarks have been devoted to research concerning Polish society during the communist era – a topic that continues to stir political emotions. Contemporary research treats socio-economic problems and those with an anthropological tinge as equally making part of contemporary broad-sense social history. The future shape of this discipline can only inspire loose suppositions.

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On the Turn Towards Things in the Contemporary Humanities (Towards Non-anthropocentric History)

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Domanska E.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2005

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tom 65

7-23

EN

The article discusses the so-called turn towards things, which became apparent in British and American humanities at the end of the 1990s. Interest in things has a long tradition, but the research questions addressed to things as well as assorted approaches and methods of their analysis have undergone changes. By following the example of Bruno Latour, numerous present-day researchers indicate that things should not be treated as passive subjects, dependent upon people, but as legitimate members of the human and non-human community which, albeit deprived of intention and consciousness, do possess a specific agency. In analysing texts by Igor Kopytoff, Cornelius Holtorf and Andrew Jones, which constitute examples of a biographic approach towards things, the authoress demonstrates that it contains discernible features characteristic of traditional epistemology: a personification of things, which is an expression of anthropocentrism, together with genealogical and genetic thinking. The biographical approach, however, is accompanied by an interesting proposal of ascribing agency to things, i.e. the impact exerted by things upon the establishment and transformation of interpersonal relations. Generally speaking, the relation between things and people becomes redefined, and objects are granted the status of active participants in the life processes in which they not only exist, but also act. The thing appears to be 'relational', and prime research emphasis is placed on studying relations and not things as such. We are dealing, therefore, with thinking in the categories of differences between man and thing, although this is a hierarchic difference, in which man constitutes a point of reference and an exemplary way in which the thing should be perceived. The 'turn towards things' thus entails a certain paradox: on the one hand, the thing is conceived as 'the other' about which biographies are written, and hence is subjected to anthropomorphisation; on the other hand, 'spokesmen of the thing' seek possibilities for departing from the anthropocentric and personifying perception or one which treats things as fetishes.

3

Z tradic české historické balkanistiky

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Stastny V.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2007

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tom 32

287-296

EN

The beginning of Balkan Studies is connected with major territorial, social and political changes in the Balkans in the second half of the 19th century. In the Czech environment, Balkan Studies were mixed up with interest in Slavic issues to a large extent. The founding personality was Konstantin Jirecek (1854-1918), one of the co-creators of Balkan Studies on the international level. Unfortunately, as he did not live in the Czech environment, he did not educate his Czech followers. This task was fulfilled by Jaroslav Bidlo (1868-1937) who integrated Balkan Studies into his concept of the studies of the history of Slavs in Eastern and South-eastern Europe. The development of Balkan Studies strengthened after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, partly due to political motives. Two followers of Bidlo played a crucial role in the further development: Milada Paulova (1891-1970) in Prague and Josef Macurek (1901-1992), who later established a course in Balkan Studies at Masaryk University in Brno.

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Chłop polski w teorii i praktyce

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Łuczewski M.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

169-190

EN

The intention of this article is to analyze the state of research about the peasants and the nation upon the example of the most relevant publications from the last decade. At the same time, the article indicates three prime problems faced by the researchers: the connection of theory and empirical quantities, the formulation of good definitions (conceptualization), and suitable explanations. First and foremost, it was proved that the process of joining theory and empirical quantities has not been resolved properly; at the same time, emphasis has been placed on valuable exceptions (Mędrzecki, Olszewski, Bończa-Tomaszewski). Second, similarly critical assessments relate to definitions created in the analysed works. Even the most sophisticated proposal, i.e. the one made by Struve (subjective identification, objective national identity), is still insufficient to reflect the complicated nature of national phenomena, since it does not take into consideration the national discourse. Third, against this background the explanation of national processes appears to be even more complicated. True, researchers have created numerous interesting descriptive typologies (Kieniewicz, Mędrzecki), but such difficult problems as linking objective and subjective factors, micro- and macro-analyses and diachronic and synchronic dimensions still have to be resolved; the same holds true for the construction of a complete explanation that would encompass the social context and relations between social subjects and cognitive processes. Each of the discussed publications proposes its own solution of these problems, but does not elucidate all in a satisfactory manner.

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Recepcja poglądów ekonomicznych Zachodu w Polsce do przełomu XIII i XIV w. – stan badań

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Obara A.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

13-29

EN

The article presents the findings made by Polish historians as regards the dissemination and acceptance of European mediaeval thought on Polish soil. The beginnings of studies by Polish scholars dealing with assorted problems connected with the economy go back to the second half of the nineteenth century, and Stanislaw Smolka is regarded as one of the first historians who drew attention to the significance of this issue. The interests of the Polish historians were concentrated chiefly on explaining certain mechanisms ruling the economy and on recording the functioning of its practical symptoms. Pertinent Polish literature either neglected or relegated to the margin the reception of West European views about the economy in Poland during the Middle Ages. Inquiries whether and to what degree did foreign ideas influence the economic transformations occurring during the Middle Ages in Poland pertained mainly to such phenomena as the rights of the monarch in relation to the property of the subjects, the right to establish and collect taxes, usury or monetary questions.

6

POUR UNE HISTORIOGRAPHIE ENGAGÉE: OR WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS

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Koerner E. F. K.

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2005

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tom 47

109-117

EN

The present paper intends to voice a series of critical observations based on the author's thirty-five years in the field, while at the same time offering a number of suggestions as to how the history of linguistics may improve its scholarship, and its image. Several years ago, members of the Henry Sweet Society got to read a lengthy quotation from Frederick Neumeyer's introduction to his 1996 book 'Generative Linguistics: A historical perspective' in which he reports that many of his colleagues 'feared that (he) would become tarred with the brush of being an 'historian of linguistics', who, (-), occupy a status level even lower than that of a 'semiotician' ' (HSS Bulletin 26.25). Newmeyer explained 'That this attitude results from the belief that most people who write on the history of linguistics have only the most minimal training in modern linguistics and devote their careers to attempting to demonstrate that their pet medieval grammarian or philosopher thought up some technical term before somebody's else's pet medieval grammarian or philosopher' (1996: 2). This is no doubt a caricature of what most of us have been doing during the past twenty and more years, but the suspicion may be lurking that on some aspects Newmeyer's friends may not have been entirely off the mark. One does not have to share Rüdiger Schreyer's more recent assessment either according to which 'nobody takes much interest in, or notice of, linguistic historiography - nobody in the big world beyond the ivory towers (of academe) and nobody in the linguistic community that is the natural habitat of the linguistic historiographer' (2000: 206), and maybe this would be too much to expect: 'beyond the ivory towers' even Noam Chomsky would not have become as widely known had he not become a critic of US foreign policy. Peter Schmitter is no doubt right in saying that it is not enough to write 'intelligent treatises on the necessity and usefulness of historiographic research', but his concession (Schmitter 2003a: 214) that he himself has no concrete proposal to make as to how to remedy the situation is not too encouraging. It may well be that many practitioners of linguistic historiography have become too self-satisfied and inward looking over the years, given the availability of three journals, several bulletins, an ever-increasing number of colloquia, conferences, and other international meetings around the world. It seems to me that there is enough blame to go around. One may be more inclined to share Peter Schmitter's disappointment that the findings of linguistic historiography have not successfully entered into textbooks, dictionaries of linguistic terminology, and other such places.

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"Je třeba vyrovnat se s řáděním pravicových živlů". Úvahy Václava Krále nad stavem československé historiografie z léta 1969

80%

Vondrova J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 4

880-911

EN

In this volume, the authoress presents an unknown report by the historian Vaclav Kral (1926-1983). Entitled 'Information on the State of Czechoslovak Historiography', it was first delivered at the Soviet Embassy, Prague, 21 August 1969. Vondrova discovered the document in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. In it, Kral assesses Czechoslovak contemporary history and 'exposes' an interest group, which he portrays as a 'terrorist gang', amongst the historians. With 'reactionary elements' at the core of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (the reformists) the group allegedly sought to return historiography to bourgeois, Masarykian ideology. Kral calls Milan Hubl and Jan Kren the leaders of the group, which included Vilem Precan, Milan Otahal, Karel Bartosek, and Vaclav Kural. He also points to the Institute of History of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, the Party University, the Department of Contemporary History in the Institute of History at the Academy of Sciences, and the Czech Historical Society as the centres of 'counter-revolution in historiography'. He concludes with proposals to reorganize institutions of historical research, and to ban about 140 historians. The authoress puts the document into the context of the radical-left wing Czechoslovak Communist politics after August 1968, Czechoslovak historiography, and Kral's career. A dogmatist, Kral began as an historian in the 1950s, and in 1962 became head of the Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute. In the 1960s, the ideological models he used, however, came under criticism, and he was isolated when leading historians sought to have historiography restored as a critical discipline free from direct dependence on politics. He was given another chance after the Soviet-led intervention, becoming involved in the far-left wing of the Party. A direct instrument of Soviet influence, this wing put forward demands for the condemnation of the 'Prague Spring', for the dismissal of its supporters, and pro-Soviet positions. In his report, Kral settles accounts with his critics, and, soon after writing it, himself carried out the purges in the Czechoslovak-Soviet Institute and the Historical Institute. In the 'Normalization' period he shored up his position, becoming Chairman of the Academic Board of the Academy and Head of the History Department, Charles University, and was made a professor.

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K PROBLEMATIKE DEFINÍCIE POJMU FAŠIZMUS, „NOVÉHO KONSENZU“ A VÝVOJA V BÁDANÍ O FAŠIZME

80%

Drábik J.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 4

695 – 718

EN

The Slovak historiography has been stubbornly ignoring the progress that has been made in fascist studies in recent years. This article seeks to provide an overview of the development in comparative fascist studies, with an emphasis on the “new consensus” historians. The main focus is on Roger Griffin’s definition of fascism as a genus of political ideology, whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultra-nationalism. This article also argues that, if properly used, Griffin’s definition can provide a valuable heuristic tool for recognizing and analysing fascist movements.

9

Literární topos nebo historická realita? (K úloze literárních topoi v historiografii)

80%

Havlikova L.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2008

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tom 94

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nr 2

317-327

EN

Based on an analysis of the so-called topoi (loci communes) in the Latin milieu (meaning 'pagans sitting on the ground while eating') and Byzantine milieu (meaning 'drinking from the skull-goblet of a defeated enemy'), not all topoi should be regarded a mere literary constant, as the literary scholarship declares with regard to Curtius' definition. It is necessary to distinguish between really constant characteristics of the topos, i.e. a mere literary function ('literary topos') and reality, where the topos firstly records true historical reality and secondly, when this reality is used in a different historical context in order to outline a different, new historical reality, thus being the current time testimony - in both cases, the topos is a historical resource (i.e. 'historical topos').

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Od reorganizace k reorganizaci. Role časopisu Byzantinoslavica ve vývoji české byzantologie v letech 1945–1970

80%

Havlíková L.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2012

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tom 98

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nr 1-2

189-207

EN

The author’s intention is to present an overview of the history of the Czech Byzantine studies after the Second World War based on the archival documents, because this topic was not examined yet in the Czech historiography. The post-war reality and changes of political system in Czechoslovakia after February 1948 were negative reflected in the Czechoslovak byzantinology. The author describes a situation on the field of Czech Byzantine studies in Prague between the years 1945 and 1970, in which the Byzantine studies, including history, history of art, philology, philosophy, and archaeology, were studied in the Slavonic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences suspended in 1963, and at the Charles University in Prague. She dedicates a man part of her contribution to the explication of the importance of Byzantinoslavica, the international journal for Byzantine studies, in the post-war Czech byzantinology and history and the importance of Byzantine studies for the cultural and scientific development European nations and peoples.

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De re diplomatica libri sex by Jean Mabillon in Outline

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Zouhar J.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2010

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tom 133

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nr 3-4

357-388

EN

In the article I have attempted to describe a 1681 semi-forgotten work of an erudite French Benedictine Jean Mabillon (1632-1707): the De re diplomatica libri sex. Although it is true that this book is just one of his several works, I regard it as the essential one. The work was written by Mabillon to defend the reputation of France and the Benedictine Order, and in particular of the royal abbey of Saint Denis. The good reputation of Saint Denis was endangered by Papenbroeck who came out against the authenticity of many old Benedictine documents (in particular charters) allegedly dating back to the 6th century. By using dated and authentic documents, Mabillon surveyed every aspect of mediaeval charters, creating the field of study known as diplomatics. Mabillon is not the exclusive author of the work: almost the entire 4th book was written by his fellow-worker Dom Michaele Germain. The work, however, was praised by author's contemporaries (Papenbroeck himself was one of the first who recognised the value of the Mabillon's work), until a broad European Republic of Letters finally lost interest in this book. Its renaissance in Western Europe dawned thanks to Benjamin Guerard, and the heyday of studying this work dates from the turn of last decades of the 19th century. The main aim of this study was to remember the work as an example of pioneering and epoch-making works.

12

HISTORIOGRAFIA V PREPROJEKTIVIZOVANOM SVETE

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Čičaj V.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 4

713 – 718

EN

Historical research in Slovakia is done in the form of projects. The system aims to improve the competitiveness of scientific work and the quality of the results. The grant commission of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic are ultimately responsible for deciding on the approval and financing of projects. In the process of evaluating projects they must also solve questions of an ethical and moral character.

13

Sebereflexe a sebestylizace konzervativního německého vzdělance druhé poloviny 20. století. Nad knihou Joachima Festa „Já ne! Bolestné zrání v době nacismu“

80%

Pesek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2010

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tom 108

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nr 2

258-277

EN

This study is devoted to the German conservative intellectual Joachim Fest, an influential journalist and cultural publicist of the post-war period. Above all, he was best known internationally as the exceptionally successful author of popular books and films on Nazism and its protagonists, Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer. A Czech edition of his Memoirs, highly stylized and specifically manipulative of the past, provides the impetus for this critical contemplation of his life and work. The Memoirs are then analysed in the second part of this review, with an emphasis on making the retro-active self-stylization of the German nationalist and conservative elites clear to understand.

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Historiografie prvního století dějin pražské university v evropské perspektivě Františka Šmahela

80%

Pesek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 2

375-383

EN

This review article deals with the research into the history of Charles University from its founding in 1348 to the mid-15th century as reflected by the rich and substantial historiographical works of Frantisek Smahel, whose Selected Studies were published last year.

15

THROUGH EVERY-DAY LIFE HISTORY TO WOMEN'S HISTORY. ON CONTEMPORARY WOMEN'S HISTORIOGRAPHY

80%

Stanczak-Wislicz K.

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 2

135-150

EN

The essential aim of this article is to present the progress in research of the contemporary Polish feminist historiography and problems which it faces. It was the feminist movement and progress of emancipation which resulted in the increasing interest in women's history. In fact, there were a few works concerning history of women in the Polish historiography in the 19th century, but they focused on exceptional personalities: queens, saints, women from the noble families. Moreover, the impact of the romantic historiography coping with the national questions simplified the image of a woman, showing her as the heroic Polish Mother. Everyday life of ordinary women remained outside the terms of scientific debate. However, as the consequence of the historical construction of two separate spheres, public and private, women's activity had been restricted to the domestic and personal, everyday life. In connection with this, historians are short of written sources left by women. Lucja Charewiczowa in 1938 was the first to make demand for research on the history of ordinary women, their everyday activities. Contemporary feminist historians see everyday life as the main domain of their interest. They emphasize the importance of research on household, family life, consumption and the culture of everyday life. At the same time, they put stress on the necessity of including the history of women to the main 'universal' historiography. Meanwhile, universal historiography shows increasing interest in history of everyday life, cultural history and comprehensive social history, thus incorporating the research field of history of women, its methods and results.

16

El concepto de perífrasis verbal: su origen y datos historiográficos

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Zieliński A.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2009

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tom 8

111-120

EN

The main objective of this study is to analyse the evolution of the concept of verbal periphrasis from an old rhetorical figure to the modern and complex grammatical category, which is present in every Roman Language.

17

Demýtizovat Golla… Kritické úvahy nad kritickým portrétem historika a jeho působení

80%

Benes Z.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2009

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tom 107

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nr 1

148-151

EN

This contribution reflects on the work of Bohumil Jirousek carried out until the present and it primarily focuses upon his critical approach to the formation and activities of what is known as the Goll School. It reflects upon the role of a historian in Czech society, using Goll as an example.

18

THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN GERMAN AND DUTCH HISTORIOGRAPHY OVER THE NETHERLANDS' PLACE AND ROLE IN EUROPE (Spór miedzy historiografia niemiecka i holenderska o miejsce i role Holandii w Europie)

80%

Napierala P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2010

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nr 4(337)

EN

In the Dutch historiography from 18th Century on we can perceive a clear tendency to present the history of the United Provinces as specific process typical only for this country and nation, whereas in 19th Century Germany many historians were of an opinion that both the Dutch and Germans are a part of a one Germanic family (deustche Voelker) who should not only cooperate with each other, but also write their history as history of the Reich. During the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands attempts were made to reestablish the frames of the Dutch historiography to make it compatible with all the main processes typical for the history of the whole body of Germanic nations and the history of the Reich. After WWII the big differences between Dutch and German historical processes were to be highlighted.

19

Hranice a identita v českém histori(ografi)ckém kontextu

80%

Řezníková L. , Řezník M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2012

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tom 110

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nr 3-4

596-610

EN

In the most recent decade, the thematic field of frontiers and identity, especially the interconnection of both concepts, has belonged among the symptomatic phenomena of Czech historiography. As a result, coordinated and mutually coherent works have been developed, which, in addition to research, also involved activities in the areas of historical education, the transfer of knowledge and international cooperation. It is one of the fields in which Czech historiography has been actively involved in international scientific communication, and in addition in a partly coordinator role. With the emergence of the new theme of frontiers and identity, Czech historiography relatively quickly responded to the developments in international scientific reflections. This contribution deals with reasons for this newly arisen focus, albeit neither the theme of frontiers nor the issue of identity were entirely novel categories of historical thought in the 1990s and in later years. However, at this time they attained rather new connotations and relevant meanings and in connection with this the manner of treating the subject matter has also changed. Post-modernist challenges – in terms of post-modern perspectives and critical responses to them – have become decisive preconditions of this phenomenon from the last stages of the 20th century. This contribution follows the formation of new concepts of collective identities, frontiers and space, especially in their mutual interconnection. At the same time attention is paid to mutual connections between international and Czech reflections. At its conclusion, comments are devoted to the special section of the 10th Congress of Czech Historians in Ostrava, which dealt with these issues.

20

STRÁŽCOVIA STRATENÉHO ČASU. DISKUSIE O DEJINÁCH A HISTORICI NA SLOVENSKU

80%

Michela M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 4

617 – 637

EN

The study is devoted to the problem of creating and cultivating historical culture in Slovakia. Especially, the author discusses the place of professional historians in this field. He points to the frequent overlapping of scientific and ideological discourse, which is closely connected with the well-known image of the division of Slovak historiography into two camps. The result is repetition of circular discussions without innovative elements. However, this situation often defined as a plurality of views, only deepens backwardness and does not offer any new impulses for the development of professional writing of history in Slovakia.