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EN
Civil society is characterized by activeness and ability to self organize. It is also capable of setting and reaching designated issues without impulses from the state authority. System of receiving of the money from structural funds, on the different levels, creates frameworks to put such attitudes to use. The key concepts here are the planning stage of sharing of the amount granted from the union budget, all taking place within social consultation [partnership rule], and the process of utilising of funds itself. It is not uncommon that projects are carried out by different kinds of foundations or social groups which are set up as a result of the rank-and-file initiative relevant for the very purpose. Analysis on the basis of experiences from the ku­jawsko-pomorski region confirms that conclusions.
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to verify the process of в-convergence at a local level in Poland within 2007-2016, taking the impact of spatial effects and obtained EU funds related to innovation on economic growth into account. Design/methodology/approach: Spatial econometric methods were used in the research procedure. The modelling uses the economic aggregate, which is an alternative to the GDP measure of development. In addition, the traditional convergence equations were modified by adding variables defining spatial interactions to the specifications of the estimated models that may affect the rate of economic growth. The study covers data from all counties (NTS4) in Poland. Findings: The estimated econometric models showed that between 2007-2016, there was a slow process of reducing economic inequalities between counties in Poland. The convergence process was conditioned by the amount of European funds obtained for innovation. The funds acquired in a given county stimulated the economic growth of this unit while, at the same time, having negative impact on the development dynamics of neighbouring units. Originality/value: The added value of this elaboration is the inclusion of spatial effects affecting economic growth in the conducted analyses of conditional convergence. The presented study is one of a few in which the spatial impact was verified by including weights in the modelling of the matrix based on proximity, distance, flows and affiliation, carried out using data relating to all NTS4 units of a given European Union country.
EN
Purpose: The publication presents the evolution of the European Union policy implemented in Poland, focusing primarily on the 2014-2020 perspective, which was characterized by its decentralization. Design/methodology/approach: The method of statistical data analysis and source materials was used in the work. Findings: As a result of the conducted research, it was indicated that the 2014-2020 perspective was characterized not only by the highest allocation of financial resources, but the solutions proposed therein led to a deeper decentralization of regional policy in Poland consisting in the construction of two-fund regional programs (ERDF and ESF), prepared, managed and implemented at the regional level, bringing the thereby increasing the effectiveness of this policy. Originality/value: The literature research and statistical analysis carried out in the article served to show the evolution of the regional policy decentralization process on maximizing its effects. The research results are dedicated to a wide group of people and entities benefiting from the support of European Union funds.
4
Content available Finansowanie innowacji
51%
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest pokazanie dostępnych możliwości finansowania innowacji w Polsce. W pierwszej części artykułu omówione zostały zasady wsparcia, z jakiego mogą korzystać naukowcy, przedsiębiorcy i gminy. W kolejnej części przedstawiono obecny poziom wykorzystania dofinansowania oraz wybrane rezultaty. Dokonano również przeglądu wybranych instrumentów rynkowych wspierania innowacji, takich jak: Venture Capital, Private Equity czy Anioły Biznesu. W podsumowaniu zawarto wnioski dotyczące sposobu finansowania innowacji.
EN
The aim of the work is to show the sources of financing innovation in Poland. The first part of the article discusses the rules of support which scientists, entrepreneurs and local authorities may use. The second part presents the current level of subsidy use and selected examples. Conclusions concerning the ways of financing innovation are drawn in the final part.
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